{"id":107802,"date":"2023-04-11T12:48:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T10:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107802"},"modified":"2023-04-12T10:36:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T08:36:30","slug":"reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","title":{"rendered":"Izid\u017ea FreeBSD 13.2 s podr\u0161kom za Netlink i WireGuard","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po 11 mesecih razvoja je objavljen izid FreeBSD 13.2. Namestitvene slike so pripravljene za arhitekture amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 in riscv64. Dodatno so pripravljeni paketi za virtualizacijske sisteme (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) in obla\u010dna okolja Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine in Vagrant.    <\/p>\n<p>Klju\u010dne spremembe:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c UFS \u0438 FFS, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (soft updates). \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432 (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a dump \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c &#171;-L&#187;) \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c UFS \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.  \u0418\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b fsck.\n<li class=\"l\"> V glavni sklop je bil sprejet delujejo\u010di jedrni gonilnik wg z implementacijo omre\u017enega vmesnika za  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"248\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard. Za uporabo potrebnih gonilni\u0161kih kriptografskih algoritmov je bilo raz\u0161irjeno API kriptosistema jedra FreeBSD, v katerega je bila dodana ovitka, ki omogo\u010da uporabo skozi standardni kripto-API algoritmov, ki jih FreeBSD ne podporo, iz knji\u017enice libsodium. V procesu razvoja je bila opravljena tudi optimizacija za enakomerno uravnote\u017eenje naloga \u0161ifriranja in de\u0161ifriranja paketov na jedra CPU, kar je omogo\u010dilo zmanj\u0161anje stro\u0161kov pri obdelavi paketov WireGuard.\n<p>Prej\u0161nji poskus vklju\u010ditve WireGuard v FreeBSD je bil opravljen leta 2020, vendar je kon\u010dal s \u0161kandalom, zaradi katerega je bil \u017ee dodan koda odstranjena zaradi slabe kakovosti, neurejenega dela z bufferji, uporabe nadomestkov namesto preverjanj, nepopolne implementacije protokola in kr\u0161itve licence GPL. Nova implementacija je bila skupaj pripravljena s strani glavnih skupin razvijalcev FreeBSD in WireGuard ob sodelovanju Jasona Donenfeld (avtorja VPN WireGuard) in John H. Baldwin (znanega razvijalca FreeBSD). Pred sprejetjem nove kode je bilo v sodelovanju z organizacijo FreeBSD Foundation opravljeno celovito recenziranje sprememb.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementirana je podr\u0161ka za komunikacijski protokol Netlink (RFC 3549), koji se koristi u Linuxu za organizaciju interakcije jezgre s procesima u korisni\u010dkom prostoru. Projekt se ograni\u010dava na podr\u0161ku za obitelj operacija NETLINK_ROUTE za upravljanje stanjem mre\u017enog podsustava u jezgri, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava kori\u0161tenje Linux alata ip iz paketa iproute2 za upravljanje mre\u017enim su\u010deljima, postavljanje <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP naslovov\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"865\">IP naslovov<\/a>, pode\u0161avanje usmjeravanja i manipulaciju objektima nexthop, koji sadr\u017ee podatke o stanju kori\u0161tenom za prijenos paketa na \u017eeljenu odredi\u0161nu to\u010dku.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 64-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (ASLR, Address Space Layout Randomization). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ASLR \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b &#171;proccontrol -m aslr -s disable&#187; \u0438\u043b\u0438 &#171;elfctl -e +noaslr&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 ipfw \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 MAC-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b (Radix table), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441 MAC-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:       ipfw table 1 create type mac     ipfw table 1 add 11:22:33:44:55:66\/48     ipfw add skipto tablearg src-mac &#8216;table(1)&#8217;      ipfw add deny src-mac &#8216;table(1, 100)&#8217;     ipfw add deny lookup dst-mac 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodani su i dostupni za preuzimanje putem loader.conf moduli jezgre dpdk_lpm4 i dpdk_lpm6 s implementacijom algoritma pretra\u017eivanja ruta DIR-24-8 za IPv4\/IPv6, koji omogu\u0107uje optimizaciju funkcija usmjeravanja za hostove s vrlo velikim tablicama usmjeravanja (u testovima se bilje\u017ei pove\u0107anje brzine od 25%). Za konfiguraciju modula mo\u017ee se koristiti standardni alat route (dodana je opcija FIB_ALGO).\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementacija datote\u010dnog sustava ZFS a\u017eurirana je na izdanje OpenZFS 2.1.9. U po\u010detnom skriptu zfskeys osigurana je automatska u\u010ditava klju\u010devima pohranjenim u F\u0421 ZFS. Dodan je novi RC-skriptu zpoolreguid za dodjelu identifikatora GUID jednom ili vi\u0161e zpool-a (npr. korisno za okru\u017eenja virtualizacije s zajedni\u010dkim podacima).\n<li class=\"l\"> U hipervizoru Bhyve i modulu vmm implementirana je podr\u0161ka za povezivanje s virtuelnim sustavom vi\u0161e od 15 virtualnih CPU-a (modificira se preko sysctl hw.vmm.maxcpu). U alatu bhyve implementirana je emulacija ure\u0111aja virtio-input, pomo\u0107u kojeg je mogu\u0107e unositi doga\u0111aje sa tipkovnice i mi\u0161a u gostuju\u0107i sustav.\n<li class=\"l\"> V KTLS, implementaciji protokola TLS, ki deluje na ravni jedra FreeBSD, je dodana podpora za strojno pospe\u0161evanje TLS 1.3 z izdajo nekaterih operacij, povezanih z obdelavo \u0161ifriranih vhodnih paketov, na omre\u017eno kartico. Prej je bila taka mo\u017enost na voljo za TLS 1.1 in TLS 1.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> V za\u010detnem skriptu growfs pri \u0161irjenju korenske FS je zagotovljeno dodajanje particije za izmenjevanje, \u010de ta particija sprva ni obstajala (na primer, koristno pri namestitvi pripravljene sistemske slike na SD-kartico). Za upravljanje z velikostjo particije za izmenjevanje je v rc.conf dodan nov parameter growfs_swap_size.\n<li class=\"l\"> V za\u010detnem skriptu hostid je omogo\u010dena generacija naklju\u010dnega UUID v primeru, da datoteka \/etc\/hostid ne obstaja in da ni mogo\u010de pridobiti UUID iz strojne opreme. Dodana je tudi datoteka \/etc\/machine-id s kompaktno predstavitvijo identifikatorja gostitelja (brez vezajev).\n<li class=\"l\"> V rc.conf so dodane spremenljivke defaultrouter_fibN in ipv6_defaultrouter_fibN, prek katerih lahko dodate privzete poti v FIB-tabele, razli\u010dne od primarne.\n<li class=\"l\"> V knji\u017enico libmd je dodana podpora za hashe SHA-512\/224.\n<li class=\"l\"> V knji\u017enici pthread je bila izvedena podpora za semantiko funkcij, uporabljenih v Linuxu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V kdump je dodana podpora za dekodiranje sistemskih klicev Linux. V kdump in sysdecode je dodana podpora za sledenje sistemskim klicem v slogu Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 killall \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, &#171;killall -t pts\/1&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodano je orodje nproc za izpis \u0161tevila razpolo\u017eljivih procesorskih blokov trenutnemu procesu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V orodju pciconf je dodana podpora za dekodiranje parametrov ACS (Access Control Services).\n<li class=\"l\"> V jedro je dodana nastavitev SPLIT_KERNEL_DEBUG, ki omogo\u010da shranjevanje odpravljanja napak jedra in modulov jedra v lo\u010dene datoteke.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ABI linux je skoraj zaklju\u010dena implementacija podpore mehanizmu vDSO (virtual dynamic shared objects), ki zagotavlja omejeno \u0161tevilo sistemskih klicev, dostopnih v uporabni\u0161kem prostoru brez preklopa konteksta. ABI linux na sistemih ARM64 je dosegel pariteto z implementacijo za arhitekturo AMD64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Izbolj\u0161ana podpora za strojno opremo. Dodana je podpora za monitoriranje zmogljivosti (hwpmc) za procesorje Intel Alder Lake. Posodobljen je gonilnik iwlwifi za brez\u017ei\u010dne kartice Intel s podporo za nove \u010dipe in standard 802.11ac. Dodan je gonilnik rtw88 za brez\u017ei\u010dne kartice Realtek s PCI vmesnikom. Raz\u0161irjene so zmo\u017enosti vmesnika linuxkpi za uporabo v FreeBSD gonilnikih Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Knji\u017enica OpenSSL je posodobljena na razli\u010dico 1.1.1t, LLVM\/C++ na razli\u010dico 14.0.5, SSH stre\u017enik in odjemalec pa sta posodobljena na OpenSSH 9.2p1 (prej\u0161nja razli\u010dica je bila OpenSSH 8.8p1). Prav tako so posodobljene razli\u010dice bc 6.2.4, expat 2.5.0, file 5.43, less 608, libarchive 3.6.2, sendmail 8.17.1, sqlite 3.40.1, unbound 1.17.1, zlib 1.2.13.    <\/ul>\n<p>Dodatno je bilo napovedano umik nekaterih komponent iz aktivne uporabe in njihova odstranitev s FreeBSD 14.0, vklju\u010dno z enkratnimi gesli OPIE, gonilniki ce in cp, gonilniki za kartice s ISA vmesnikom, orodji mergemaster in minigzip, komponentami ATM v netgraph (NgATM), ozadjnim procesom telnetd in razredom VINUM v geom.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58946\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 11 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 13.2. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c UFS \u0438 FFS, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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