{"id":115263,"date":"2024-04-23T20:30:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T18:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40"},"modified":"2024-04-23T20:30:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T18:30:08","slug":"reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40","title":{"rendered":"Izid distribucije Fedora Linux 40","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Predstavljen je izdanje distribucije Fedora Linux 40. Za preuzimanje su pripremljeni proizvodi Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition i Live-buildovi koji se isporu\u010duju u obliku spinova s desktop okru\u017eenjima KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie i Sway. Buildovi su formirani za arhitekture x86_64, Power64 i ARM64 (AArch64). Objavljivanje buildova Fedora Silverblue je odlo\u017eeno.      <\/p>\n<p>Najva\u017enije promjene u Fedora Linux 40:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Radna povr\u0161ina GNOME u Fedora Workstation a\u017eurirana je na verziju 46, koja ima funkciju globalne pretrage, pobolj\u0161anu izvedbu upravitelja datoteka i terminalskih emulatore, dodana je eksperimentalna podr\u0161ka za mehanizam VRR (Variable Refresh Rate), pobolj\u0161an je kvalitet izlaza pri fractional scalingu, pro\u0161irene su mogu\u0107nosti povezivanja s vanjskim uslugama, a\u017euriran je konfigurator i pobolj\u0161an je sustav obavijesti. U GTK je primijenjen novi engine za renderiranje temeljen na Vulkan API-ju.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Izdanja s radnom povr\u0161inom KDE a\u017eurirana su na izdanje KDE 6, koje koristi Wayland protokol. Podr\u0161ka za sesije temeljene na X11 protokolu omogu\u0107ena u osnovnoj instalaciji je obustavljena (mo\u017ee se vratiti instalacijom paketa plasma-workspace-x11 iz repozitorija). Za pokretanje X11 aplikacija u sesiji temeljenoj na Wayland koristi se DDX server XWayland. Kao razlog prestanka podr\u0161ke za X11 sesije navodi se premje\u0161taj X.Org servera u RHEL 9 u kategoriju zastarjelih, s odlukom o potpunom uklanjanju u budu\u0107em zna\u010dajnom izdanju RHEL 10. Me\u0111u faktorima koji su doprinijeli odr\u017eavanju samo Wayland podr\u0161ke je zamjena fbdev drajver\u00e2 na drajver simpledrm u Fedora 36, koji ispravno radi s Waylandom, kao i pojava podr\u0161ke za Wayland u proprietarnim NVIDIA drajverima.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aatomarno a\u017euriraju\u0107i korisni\u010dki distribucije razvijene u okviru Fedora projekta objedinjene su pod brendom Atomic Desktops, ali dugotrajne atomske gradnje su zadr\u017eale svoja originalna imena. U kona\u010dnici, Fedora Silverblue temeljen na GNOME i Fedora Kinoite temeljen na KDE, kao i Fedora CoreOS i Fedora IoT, zadr\u017eali su svoja prethodna imena, ali nove gradnje Fedora Sericea i Fedora Onyx sada se distribuiraju pod nazivima Fedora Sway Atomic i Fedora Budgie Atomic.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A\u017eurirane su verzije paketa, me\u0111u kojima su LLVM 18, GCC 14, binutils 2.41, glibc 2.39, gdb 14.1, PHP 8.3, Ruby 3.3, Go 1.22, Java 21, AMD ROCm 6, Boost 1.83, 389 Directory Server 3.0.0, Podman 5, PostgreSQL 16, TBB (Thread Building Blocks) 2021.8, SQLAlchemy 2, Kubernetes 1.29.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V konfiguratorju NetworkManager je privzeto omogo\u010den mehanizem za odkrivanje konfliktov IPv4-naslovov v lokalnem omre\u017eju (RFC 5227), katerega bistvo je po\u0161iljanje preizkusnega ARP-paketa pred dodeljevanjem naslova omre\u017enemu vmesniku (\u010de je prejet odgovor, je naslov zaseden in ne bo dodeljen). Za brez\u017ei\u010dne povezave je omogo\u010deno dodeljevanje lo\u010denega trajnega MAC-naslova (na\u010din stable-ssid v NetworkManagerju).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Kombinirani orodji Mock (mock-core-configs), Koji in Copr sta bila prenesena na uporabo upravitelja paketov DNF 5 za namestitev odvisnosti pri gradnji v chroot-okolju, ki se uporablja pri gradnji paketov. Prenos same distribucije na DNF 5 se pri\u010dakuje v naslednji izdaji.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V upravitelju paketov DNF je privzeto onemogo\u010deno prena\u0161anje metapodatkov s Seznami datotek, ki so vklju\u010dene v pakete. Tak\u0161ni podatki se redko uporabljajo, vendar so velike velikosti in upo\u010dasnjujejo delo.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Paket z biblioteko OpenSSL 1.1 je bil odstranjen, ker ta razli\u010dica ne prejemlja ve\u010d podpore. Odvisnosti vezane na OpenSSL 1.1 so se preklopile na OpenSSL 3.0. Paket python3.7 je bil odstranjen.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Biblioteka Zlib je bila zamenjana z Zlib-ng, fork, ki je zdru\u017eljiv z zlib na ravni API, a ponuja dodatne optimizacije za izbolj\u0161anje zmogljivosti.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ustvarjanje delta-posodobitev RPM-paketov je bilo prekinjeno, kar bi omogo\u010dilo prena\u0161anje le spremenjenih podatkov glede na \u017ee name\u0161\u010deno razli\u010dico paketa pri posodobitvah. Podpora za deltarpm je bila izklopljena v DNF in DNF5.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je bila Passim, ki predpomni <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/server\/\"   title=\"stre\u017enik\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">stre\u017enik<\/a> za distribucijo pogosto zahtevanih datotek v lokalnem omre\u017eju brez neposrednega naslavljanja glavnim stre\u017enikom in brez vklju\u010devanja globalnih CDN.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Modul pam_userdb je bil prenesen z uporabo BerkeleyDB na GDBM zaradi prenehanja vzdr\u017eevanja razli\u010dice BerkeleyDB 5.x in prehoda razli\u010dice BerkeleyDB 6.x na nesprejemljivo licenco. Bogofilter je bil prenesen na uporabo SQLite namesto BerkeleyDB (libdb).     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za gradnjo Live-slik Fedora Workstation je bilo uporabljeno orodje Image Builder, ki podpira ponovljive gradnje in uporabnikom ponuja enostavnej\u0161i proces prilagajanja slik.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za gradnjo minimalnih slik za arhitekturo ARM je bilo uporabljeno orodje osbuild.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za oblikovanje slik Fedora Cloud Edition je bilo namesto ImageFactory uporabljeno orodje Kiwi.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Opravljen je bil prestrukturiranje paketov za Kubernetes.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Fedora IoT, izdanje za ure\u0111aje interneta stvari, premje\u0161teno je na kori\u0161tenje u\u010ditavaju\u0107ih kontejnera, formiranih pomo\u0107u alata OSTree i tehnologije bootc.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Alat wget zamijenjen je wget2, dok je alat iotop zamijenjen sa iotop-c.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U izdanjima Fedora Silverblue i Kinoite uklju\u010d\u0435\u043d je program bootupd, koji obavlja a\u017euriranje u\u010ditava\u010da.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Objavljena je zastarjela biblioteka libuser, koja je ostala bez podr\u0161ke i ve\u0107 se ne koristi u drugim paketima Fedore (za podr\u0161ku LDAP-u u distribuciji se ve\u0107 dugo koristi SSSD). Uklonjen je paket passwd s implementacijom alata passwd baziranog na libuser, umjesto koje je kori\u0161ten sli\u010dan alat iz paketa shadow-utils.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Obavljen je rad na pripremi za uklju\u010divanje novije verzije standarda jezika C u GCC po defaultu, \u0161to ozna\u010dava prestanak podr\u0161ke za neke zastarjele mogu\u0107nosti jezika, kao \u0161to su implicitno definiranje funkcija i implicitno dodjeljivanje tipa int.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Realizirana je druga faza prijelaza na modernizirani proces pokretanja, koji je predlo\u017eio Lennart Poettering. Razlike od klasi\u010dnog pokretanja svode se na kori\u0161tenje umjesto initrd slike, formirane na lokalnom sustavu prilikom instalacije paketa s jezgrom, unificirane slike jezgre UKI (Unified Kernel Image), koja se generira u infrastrukturi distribucije i potvr\u0111uje digitalnim potpisom distribucije. Slika UKI objedinjava u jednom fileu procesor za u\u010ditavanje jezgre iz UEFI (UEFI boot stub), sliku jezgre Linuxa i u\u010ditano u memoriju sistemsko okru\u017eenje initrd. Kada se poziva slika UKI iz UEFI omogu\u0107ava se provjera cjelovitosti i autenti\u010dnosti prema digitalnom potpisu ne samo jezgre, ve\u0107 i sadr\u017eaja initrd, \u010dija je provjera autenti\u010dnosti va\u017ena, jer se u ovom okru\u017eenju vr\u0161i izvla\u010denje klju\u010deva za dekriptiranje korijenskog FS.\n<p>U drugoj fazi dodana je mogu\u0107nost izravnog pokretanja UKI iz UEFI modula shim.efi bez anga\u017eiranja zasebnog u\u010ditava\u010da (grub, sd-boot), realizirana je podr\u0161ka za kori\u0161tenje UKI na sustavima s arhitekturom Aarch64 i pripremljena je varijanta UKI slike za cloud okru\u017eenja i za\u0161titu. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtualnih naprav\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2038\">virtualnih naprav<\/a>. V prej\u0161nji fazi v Fedora 38 je bila dodana podpora za UKI v zaganjalniku, uvajali so orodja za namestitev in posodobitev UKI, prav tako je bil ustvarjen eksperimentalni UKI slika za zagon virtualnih strojev z omejenim sklopom komponent in gonilnikov.     <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V repozitorij je bila dodana pripravljena povezava s sistemom za strojno u\u010denje PyTorch, ki je na voljo za namestitev z ukazom &#171;dnf install pytorch&#187;. Trenutno paket vklju\u010duje le komponente za izra\u010dune z uporabo CPU, v prihodnjih izdajah pa na\u010drtujejo dodajanje podpore za GPU in specializirane pospe\u0161evalnike NPU.                  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dodatno lahko omenjamo zagon projektov RPM Fusion za Fedora 40, ki vklju\u010dujeta &#171;free&#187; in &#171;nonfree&#187; repozitorije, kjer so na voljo paketi z dodatnimi multimedijskimi aplikacijami (MPlayer, VLC, Xine), video\/audijo kodeki, podporo za DVD, lastni\u0161kimi gonilniki AMD in NVIDIA, igrami ter emulatorji.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61052\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 40. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition \u0438 Live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie \u0438 Sway. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, Power64 \u0438 ARM64 (AArch64). \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a Fedora Silverblue [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 40.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO 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