{"id":119480,"date":"2024-08-14T09:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T07:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya"},"modified":"2026-02-15T22:08:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:08:21","slug":"nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya","title":{"rendered":"NIST je standardiziral tri algoritma postkvantne enkripcije","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) je predstavil prve tri standarde, ki dolo\u010dajo kriptoalgoritme, odporne na kvantna ra\u010dunalnika. Prvi standardizirani algoritem (CRYSTALS-Kyber) dolo\u010da na\u010din inkapsulacije klju\u010dev in je namenjen \u0161ifriranju izmenjave podatkov, medtem ko dva druga (CRYSTALS-Dilithium in Sphincs+) izvajata razli\u010dice oblikovanja digitalnih podpisov, ki se lahko uporabljajo za re\u0161evanje nalog, povezanih z avtentikacijo. Da bi se izognili zmedi, so standardizirane razli\u010dice algoritmov ponovno poimenovane: CRYSTALS-Kyber v ML-KEM, CRYSTALS-Dilithium v ML-DSA in Sphincs+ v SLH-DSA. Izbrani algoritmi se razvijajo od leta 2016 in so zmagovalci prej razgla\u0161enega NIST-ovega tekmovanja za razvoj postkvantne kriptografije.      <\/p>\n<p>Zadnje \u010dase hitro razvijajo\u010di se kvantni ra\u010dunalniki bistveno hitro re\u0161ujejo naloge razkrajanja naravnega \u0161tevila na pra\u0161tevila (RSA) in diskretnega logaritmiranja to\u010dk elipti\u010dne krivulje (ECDSA), ki temeljijo na sodobnih asimetri\u010dnih algoritmih \u0161ifriranja z odprtim klju\u010dem, ki jih klasi\u010dni procesorji ne morejo u\u010dinkovito re\u0161iti. Na trenutni stopnji razvoja zmo\u017enosti kvantnih ra\u010dunalnikov ni dovolj, da bi prelomili aktualne klasi\u010dne algoritme \u0161ifriranja in digitalnih podpisov, ki temeljijo na odprtem klju\u010du, kot je ECDSA, vendar se predvideva, da se lahko situacija spremeni \u017ee v tem desetletju.    <\/p>\n<p>Sprejeti standardi:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 203 \u2014 obravnava se kot glavni standard za <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/ssl-sertifikat\/gogetssl-multi-domain\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3313\">\u0161ifriranja podatkov<\/a>, ki uporablja algoritem CRYSTALS-Kyber (ML-KEM \u2014 Module-Lattice Key-Encapsulation Mechanism) za organizacijo izmenjave klju\u010dev med stranmi, ki izvajajo \u0161ifriranje in de\u0161ifriranje podatkov. Algoritem CRYSTALS-Kyber uporablja metode kriptografije, ki temeljijo na re\u0161evanju nalog teorije mre\u017e, pri \u010demer se \u010dasi re\u0161evanja ne razlikujejo med obi\u010dajnimi in kvantnimi ra\u010dunalniki. Prednosti izbranega algoritma so razmeroma majhna velikost klju\u010dev in visoka hitrost delovanja.\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 204 \u2014 primarni standard za ustvarjanje digitalnih podpisov, ki temelji na algoritmu CRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA \u2014 Module-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm), ki, tako kot CRYSTALS-Kyber, temelji na teoriji mre\u017e.\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 205 \u2014 alternativni standard za ustvarjanje digitalnih podpisov, ki uporablja algoritem Sphincs+ (SLH-DSA \u2014 Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm), ki uporablja metode kriptografije, ki temelji na hash funkcijah. Sphincs+ zaostaja za CRYSTALS-Dilithium po velikosti podpisov in hitrosti delovanja, vendar temelji na povsem druga\u010dnih matemati\u010dnih na\u010delih, kar pomeni, da bo ostal u\u010dinkovit v primeru kompromitacije algoritmov, ki temeljijo na teoriji mre\u017e.     <\/ul>\n<p>Poleg tega je do konca leta na\u010drtovano sprejetje \u010detrtega standarda \u2014 FIPS 206, namenjenega delu z digitalnimi podpisi in temelji na algoritmu FALCON, ki, tako kot algoritma CRYSTALS-Kyber in CRYSTALS-Dilithium, temelji na re\u0161evanju nalog teorije mre\u017e, vendar se v nasprotju z njima usmerja na aplikacije, kjer je potrebna minimalna velikost podpisa. Standardizirana razli\u010dica algoritma FALCON bo dostavljena pod imenom FN-DSA (FFT (hitro Fourierjevo transformacijo) nad NTRU-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm). Do konca leta je tudi na\u010drtovano izbrati algoritme za ustvarjanje alternativnih standardov splo\u0161nega \u0161ifriranja, ki bodo temelji na drugih delovnih na\u010delih kot tistih, uporabljenih v standardu FIPS 203, ki temelji na algoritmu CRYSTALS-Kyber.      <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"vWJS62eIVxI\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/vWJS62eIVxI\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Predvajaj video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61700\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0428\u0410 (NIST) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c (CRYSTALS-Kyber) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 (CRYSTALS-Dilithium \u0438 Sphincs+) \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 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