{"id":119836,"date":"2024-09-16T15:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T13:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-11"},"modified":"2024-09-16T15:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T13:43:01","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-11","title":{"rendered":"Izid jedra Linux 6.11","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dveh mesecih razvoja je Linus Torvalds predstavil izid jedra Linux 6.11. Med najbolj opaznimi spremembami so: podpora za atomske operacije zapisovanja na blokovni ravni, podpora za operacije bind() in listen() v io_uring, nov mehanizem za blokiranje programske obdelave prekinitev, mo\u017enost zapisovanja v v pomnilnik odra\u017eene izvajalne datoteke, podpora pisanja gonilnikov blokovnih naprav v jeziku Rust ter optimizacija klica getrandom(), nova implementacija AES-GCM.                <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e 15130 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2078 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 \u2014 85 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 13282 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 985857 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 268915 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 14564 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 1989 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 \u2014 41 \u041c\u0411 (\u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 6.11). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 46% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 6.11 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 17% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 10% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 5% \u2014 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% \u2014 \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.      <\/p>\n<p>Glavne novosti v jedru 6.11:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>\u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementirana je podpora za atomske operacije zapisovanja na blokovni ravni, pri katerih se na pomnilnik zapi\u0161e bodisi celoten dolo\u010den niz blokov bodisi noben blok, kar \u0161\u010diti pred situacijami, ko po okvari strojne opreme zapi\u0161emo le del blokov, druga polovica pa ostane stara informacija. Za omogo\u010danje atomske na\u010dina zapisovanja je k sistemskemu klicu pwritev() dodana zastavica RWF_ATOMIC. Informacije o podpori za atomsko zapisovanje (atomic_write_unit_min, atomic_write_unit_max in atomic_write_segments_max) za posamezne datoteke je mogo\u010de pridobiti s funkcijo statx().\n<li class=\"l\"> Omogo\u010dena je podpora za zapisovanje v izvajalne datoteke, povezane z delujo\u010dimi procesi. Prej je jedro, kot v drugih Unix-podobnih sistemih, ob poskusu zapisovanja v izvajalno datoteko za\u010detnega procesa vrnilo napako. To omejitev so odstranili, saj je bila brez prakti\u010dnega smisla.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uvedena je mo\u017enost razvoja gonilnikov blokovnih naprav v jeziku Rust. Kot primer je v jedro dodan gonilnik rnull, ki predstavlja analog gonilniku null_blk, napisanemu v jeziku Rust.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Btrfs \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00abrescue=\u00bb \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u00abignoremetacsums\u00bb \u0438 \u00abignoresuperflags\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u044f. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 ntfs3 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u00abcompressed\u00bb \u0438 \u00abimmutable\u00bb, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b.\n<li class=\"l\"> V FS F2FS in Ext4 je bila obdelava imen datotek brez upo\u0161tevanja velikih in malih \u010drk (casefold) poenostavljena z shranjevanjem imen v obliki qstr-nizov brez nepotrebnih sprememb velikosti \u010drk.\n<li class=\"l\"> V FS Ext4 je bila izvedba funkcije jbd2_transaction_committed optimizirana za pove\u010danje zmogljivosti na zelo hitrih pomnilnikih (v testih je bilo opa\u017eeno pove\u010danje obdelanih operacij na sekundo do 20%).\n<li class=\"l\"> V sistemskem klicu statx() je bilo dovoljeno posredovanje kazalca NULL namesto praznega niza s potjo do datoteke, \u010de je nastavljena zastavica AT_EMPTY_PATH.\n<li class=\"l\"> V sistemskem klicu open_by_handle_at() so bile olaj\u0161ane preverbe pravic dostopa do datoteke, \u010de ni bilo pooblastila CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH za iskanje v za\u010detnem prostoru imen. Pred tem je bila potreba po pooblastilu CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH za za\u010detni prostor imen onemogo\u010dila uporabo sistemskega klica open_by_handle_at() v kontejnerjih.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enosti sistemskih klicev listmount() in statmount() so bile raz\u0161irjene. V listmount() je bila dodana zastavica LISTMOUNT_REVERSE za prikazovanje vsebine tabele to\u010dk monta\u017ee v obrnjenem vrstnem redu (najnovej\u0161i vnosi na vrhu). V statmount() je bila izvedena izhodna mo\u017enost, nastavljena pri monta\u017ei FS. V obeh sistemskih klicih je bilo omogo\u010deno delovanje brez dostopa do za\u010detnega prostora imen (ko je omogo\u010den le dostop do lokalnega ali zunanjega prostora imen).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Bcachefs \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u2014 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.                                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pomnilnik in sistemske storitve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Vklju\u010deni so popravki, ki uvajajo nov mehanizem za blokiranje programski obdelovalcev prekinitev (BH, bottom-half), ki zagotavlja blokiranje uporabljenih podatkovnih struktur, ne da bi pri tem prepre\u010devali vzporedno izvajanje s tem nepovezanega kode. Omeniti je treba, da je ta sprememba ne le zmanj\u0161ala zakasnitve za jedra, ki delujejo v realnem \u010dasu, temve\u010d tudi izbolj\u0161ala zmogljivost obi\u010dajnih jeder (na primer, pri nekaterih vrstah obremenitev je bila opazna izbolj\u0161ava zmogljivosti omre\u017ene podskupine za 14,5%).\n<li class=\"l\"> V podsklop asinkrone vhodno\/izhodne operacije io_uring je bila dodana podpora za operacije za izvajanje funkcij bind() in listen(), ki se uporabljajo za ustvarjanje sprejemnih povezav omre\u017enih soketov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je bila zbirka ioctl-operacij za pseudo-FS NSFS (NameSpace FS), ki se uporablja za delo s prostori imen. Novi ioctl omogo\u010dajo pretvarjanje identifikatorjev procesov in skupin niti med razli\u010dnimi prostori imen identifikatorjev procesov (PID namespace). Dodatne ioctl, ki omogo\u010dajo dolo\u010danje datote\u010dnih deskriptorjev procesov v razli\u010dnih prostorih imen na podlagi pidfd identifikatorjev, so prav tako dodane v pseudo-FS pidfd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za BPF programe je bila dodana podpora za nov iterator za delo z bitnimi maskami, ki ga je mogo\u010de uporabiti na primer za pre\u010dkanje posameznih bitov v pomnilni\u0161kih obmo\u010djih, kot je cpumask. Dodan je mehanizem za po\u0161iljanje obvestil procesom v uporabni\u0161kem prostoru o odklopu (detach\/unregister) objekta struct_ops. Raz\u0161irjena je bila paleta tipov, ki jih je mogo\u010de uporabiti v tabelah (na primer, dovoljeno je razglasiti tabele, ki imajo elemente s tipi kptr, bpf_rb_root in bpf_list_head). Predlagan je bil zanesljivej\u0161i mehanizem Split BTF (BPF Type Format), ki se uporablja za preverjanje tipov v pseudokodu BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je bila podsklop, ki omogo\u010da organizacijo napajanja naprav v dolo\u010denem vrstnem redu, v primeru, ko je treba eno napravo aktivirati pred drugo (na primer pri aktivaciji brez\u017ei\u010dnih \u010dipov na platformah Qualcomm).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u00abSloppy logic analyzer\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 GPIO \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za runtime konstante koje se mogu koristiti umesto promenljivih inicijalizovanih jednom. Na primer, runtime konstante se mogu primenjivati umesto promenljivih koje \u010duvaju pokaziva\u010d i veli\u010dinu za dentry ke\u0161. Ove promenljive se postavljaju prilikom u\u010ditavanja i zatim se nikada ne menjaju. Ideja je da se direktno ubace vrednosti takvih promenljivih u instrukcije u kodu, isklju\u010duju\u0107i tro\u0161kove vezane za manipulaciju pokaziva\u010dima.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Rust-for-Linux, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e Rust \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 Rust 1.80 (\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Rust 1.78). \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f (uaccess) \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u00abpage\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za x86-64 sisteme implementiran je novi sistemski poziv uretprobe(), koji optimizuje rad mehanizma pra\u0107enja uretprobe, omogu\u0107avaju\u0107i pra\u0107enje vrednosti koje funkcije vra\u0107aju u aplikacijama korisni\u010dkog prostora.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodane so parametri ukazne vrstice jedra: \u00abreserve_mem\u00bb za rezervacijo poimenovanega obmo\u010dja pomnilnika med zagonom in \u00abramoops.mem_name\u00bb za uporabo v pstore obmo\u010dju pomnilnika, ustvarjenem z reserve_mem.\n<li class=\"l\"> V kontroler pomnilnika, temelje\u010d na cgroup, je v datoteko memory.reclaim, preko katere se dolo\u010dajo nastavitve izpodbitja pomnilnika, dodan parameter \u00abswappiness\u00bb, ki omogo\u010da spremembo ravnote\u017eja med izpodbitjem anonimnih strani pomnilnika v swap in osvoboditvijo strani pomnilnika, zasedenega pod datote\u010dnim predpomnilnikom.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodata je ioctl-interfejs PROCMAP_QUERY za efikasnije pretra\u017eivanje virtuelnih oblasti memorije (Virtual Memory Area) u \/proc\/PID\/maps.\n<li class=\"l\"> U sistemski poziv mmap() dodat je flag MAP_DROPPABLE za zahtev memorije koja nikada ne\u0107e biti ispu\u0161tena u swap, a u slu\u010daju nedostatka memorije mo\u017ee biti obrisana.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za ARM64 arhitekturu implementirana je podr\u0161ka za hot-plug (prebacivanje u online\/offline re\u017eime) fizi\u010dkih i virtuelnih CPU na sistemima sa ACPI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za arhitekturo RISC-V je omogo\u010deno vro\u010de priklju\u010devanje pomnilnika in dodana podpora za GCC-plugin STACKLEAK (izvaja inicializacijo vseh spremenljivk, shranjenih na sklad, da se prepre\u010di uhajanje informacij iz jedra prek neinicializiranih spremenljivk, ki lahko vsebujejo ostanke prej\u0161njih podatkov, shranjenih na skladu).\n<li class=\"l\"> Odstranjena je bila mehanizem la\u017enega mapiranja pomnilnika EFI (fake EFI memory map) v fazi nalaganja. Ta mehanizem ni bil dejansko uporabljen in je oviral razvoj na podro\u010dju zaupnega izvajanja. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtualnih naprav\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2173\">virtualnih naprav<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora za platformo PowerPC 40x je prenehala.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pove\u010dane so zahteve glede razli\u010dice GNU Make \u2014 za sestavljanje jedra je potrebna vsaj razli\u010dica GNU Make, objavljena leta 2013.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizacija in varnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrirani so popravki, ki znatno (do 15-krat) pospe\u0161ijo pridobivanje naklju\u010dnih \u0161tevil prek sistemskega klica getrandom(). Optimizacija temelji na uporabi mehanizma vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object), kar omogo\u010da prenos obdelovalca sistemskega klica iz jedra v uporabni\u0161ki prostor in izogibanje preklapljanju konteksta. Izvedba sistemskega klica se nalo\u017ei v naslovni prostor procesa neposredno iz jedra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za sisteme x86-64 je vklju\u010dena nova izvedba algoritma \u0161ifriranja AES-GCM, ki podpira uporabo vektorskih navodil VAES, VPCLMULQDQ in AVX512\/AVX10 za pospe\u0161itev izra\u010dunov. V izvedenih testih se je rast zmogljivosti po prehodu na novo izvedbo povzpela do 156%. Assemblerna izvedba AES-GCM je bila popolnoma preklicana ob upo\u0161tevanju pravilnosti, zmogljivosti, velikosti in iz\u010drpnega dokumentiranja kode.\n<li class=\"l\"> Omogo\u010den je zagon jedra kot gostujo\u010dega sistema v virtualiziranih okoljih, ki uporabljajo procesorsko \u0161iritev AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), namenjeno zagotavljanju varnega delovanja z vlo\u017eenimi tabelami pomnilnika. Za dodatno izolacijo dostopa do virov iz virtualnih strojev se lahko uporablja modul SVSM (Linux Secure VM Service Module). V hipervizorju <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4428\">KVM<\/a> je dodana za\u010detna podpora za zagon gostujo\u010dih sistemov, za\u0161\u010ditenih z AMD SEV-SNP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je bila lo\u010dena allocatorska klasa slabov, vklju\u010dena preko parametra CONFIG_SLAB_BUCKETS, ki zagotavlja za\u0161\u010dito pred napadi, ki uporabljajo tehniko \u00abheap spraying\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hipervizor KVM je bila dodana ioctl klica za dodeljevanje pomnilnika gostiteljskemu sistemu pred njegovim dejanskim zagonom.                        <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Mre\u017ena podsistem<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je sysctl nastavitev net.tcp_rto_min_us, preko katere lahko nastavite minimalni \u010dasovni limit ponovnega prenosa (retransmission timeout) za TCP odprte povezave.\n<li class=\"l\"> V orodje ethtool je dodana mo\u017enost natan\u010dne nastavitve konfiguracije obdelovalnikov prekinitev za omre\u017ene vmesnike, ki uporabljajo vmesnik Net DIM.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Oprema<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V gonilniku AMDGPU je bila vklju\u010dena za\u010detna podpora za GPU AMD RDNA4 (\u00abGFX12\u00bb). Dodana je podpora za tehnologije DCN 4.0.x, GC 12.0, GMC 12.0, SDMA 7.0, MES12 in MMHUB 4.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nadaljuje se delo na drm-gonilniku (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe za GPU na osnovi arhitekture Intel Xe, ki se uporablja v grafi\u010dnih karticah Intel dru\u017eine Arc in v integrirani grafiki, od procesorjev Tiger Lake naprej. Izbolj\u0161ana je podpora za GPU na osnovi mikroarhitektur Battlemage, Arrow Lake in Lunar Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> V podsistemu DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) je bil predelano obdelovalno sredstvo, ki ga prena\u0161a monitor, za parametre EDID (Extended Display Identification Data).\n<li class=\"l\"> V gonilniku i915 je bila dodana podpora za GPU Battlemage Xe2 in privzeto vklju\u010den na\u010din CMRR (Content Match Refresh Rate).\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-gonilniku msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) je bila dodana podpora za platformo SM7150 ter GPU X185 in a505.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za zaslonske panele Lincoln Tech Sol LCD185-101CT, Microtips Technology 13-101HIEBCAF0-C, Microtips Technology MF-103HIEB0GA0, BOE nv110wum-l60, IVO t109nw41, WL-355608-A8, PrimeView PM070WL4, Lincoln Technologies LCD197, Ortustech COM35H3P70ULC, AUO G104STN01, K&amp;d kd101ne3-40ti.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zvo\u010dni podsistemu je bila dodana podpora za \u010dipe in kodeke Intel Panther Lake, Asahi Kasei AK4619, Cirrus Logic CS530x, Everest Semiconductors ES8311, NXP i.MX95, LPC32xx, Qualcomm LPASS v2.5, WCD937x, Realtek RT1318, RT1320 in Texas Instruments PCM5242.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kon\u010dana je zadnja serija sprememb, ki zagotavljajo podporo za ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite, ki uporablja lastni 12-jedrni CPU Qualcomm Oryon in GPU Qualcomm Adreno. \u010cip je namenjen uporabi v prenosnih ra\u010dunalnikih in namiznih ra\u010dunalnikih ter v \u0161tevilnih testih zmogljivosti preka\u0161a \u010dipe Apple M3 in Intel Core Ultra 155H. Spremembe, dodane v jedro 6.11, so povezane s podporo za GPU Adreno X1-85 in upravljanjem porabe energije. Med napravami, temelje\u010de na SoC Snapdragon X Elite, so napovedane prenosne ra\u010dunalnike ASUS Vivobook S15 in Lenovo Yoga Slim7x.                                  <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hkrati je Latinskoameri\u0161ki sklad svobodnega programske opreme oblikoval razli\u010dico popolnoma svobodnega jedra 6.11 \u2014 Linux-libre 6.10-gnu, o\u010di\u0161\u010denega od elementov vdelane programske opreme in gonilnikov, ki vsebujejo nesvobodne komponente ali odseke kode, katerih podro\u010dje uporabe je omejeno s strani proizvajalca. V razli\u010dici 6.11 je bil posodobljen kodeks \u010di\u0161\u010denja blobov v gonilnikih mdgpu, adreno, vgxy61, atomisp, btnxpuart, prueth in tas2781. Opravljena je bila \u010distitev novih gonilnikov amdgpu isp, tn40, rtl8192du, cs40l50, rt1320 in pcie-rcar-gen4. Opravljena je bila \u010distitev imen blobov v dts-datotekah (devicetree) za arhitekturo Aarch64. Dodana je bila razli\u010dica primitiven, ki ne izda opozoril in pro\u0161enj (nowait-nowarn) za nalaganje vdelanih programov. Dodana je koda za prepoznavanje primitiven za nalaganje vdelanih programov v kodi v jeziku Rust.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61869\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.11. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 bind() \u0438 listen() \u0432 io_uring, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 getrandom(), \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 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