{"id":120593,"date":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima"},"modified":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","title":{"rendered":"Izlaz jezgre Linux 6.12 sa podr\u0161kom za Realtime re\u017eim","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nakon dva meseca razvoja, Linus Torvalds je predstavio izlaz jezgre Linux 6.12. Me\u0111u najzna\u010dajnijim promenama su: mogu\u0107nost uklju\u010divanja Realtime re\u017eima, sched_ext za kreiranje CPU planera putem eBPF, prikaz QR koda u slu\u010daju kvara, mehanizam Device Memory TCP, mehanizam rezervacije resursa SCHED_DEADLINE servera, pobolj\u0161anja u planeru zadataka EEVDF, IPE modul za postavljanje politika o\u010duvanja integriteta.        <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 14607 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2167 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432,  \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 37 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 13087 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 507913 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 234083 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 15130 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2078 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 85 \u041c\u0411 (\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 6.10 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c  41 \u041c\u0411). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 45% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 6.12  \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 12% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442  \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 13% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 6% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.      <\/p>\n<p>Glavne novine u jezgri 6.12:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pomnilnik in sistemske storitve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Omogu\u0107ena je izrada jezgre sa opcijom PREEMPT_RT bez dodatnih patcheva za rad u realnom vremenu. Poslednja nedostaju\u0107a mogu\u0107nost u jezgri koja nije dozvoljavala aktivaciju PREEMPT_RT re\u017eima bila je podr\u0161ka za neblokiraju\u0107e atomske ispisne funkcije putem printk, koja je tako\u0111e prihva\u0107ena u sastav jezgre. Podr\u0161ka za PREEMPT_RT je dostupna za arhitekture x86, x86_64, ARM64 i RISC-V. Do sada je realizacija PREEMPT_RT re\u017eima bila isporu\u010dena u obliku eksternih patcheva, na osnovu kojih su neki distribucije, kao \u0161to su RHEL, SUSE i Ubuntu, kreirale posebne Realtime edicije svojih proizvoda, koji su tra\u017eeni u oblastima kao \u0161to su finansijski sistemi, ure\u0111aji za obradu zvuka i videa, avijacija, medicina, robotika, telekomunikacije i industrijski sistemi, u kojima je potrebno obezbediti predvidivo vreme obrade doga\u0111aja.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c &#171;sched_ext&#187; (SCX), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c  eBPF \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 CPU, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0438  \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 CPU. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux  \u0432 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtualni napravi\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4348\">virtualni napravi<\/a> eBPF. Mehanizem sched_ext poenostavi ustvarjanje na\u010drtovalnikov specifi\u010dnih za dolo\u010dene naloge, omogo\u010da eksperimentiranje z razli\u010dnimi tehnikami in strategijami na\u010drtovanja ter hitro ustvarjanje delovnih prototipov in zamenjavo na\u010drtovalnikov v \u017eivo v delovnih okoljih. Na primer, s pomo\u010djo sched_ext lahko ustvarite na\u010drtovalnik, ki upo\u0161teva specifi\u010dnosti dolo\u010denega programa in dinami\u010dno spreminja strategijo na\u010drtovanja njegovega izvajanja glede na stanje sistema in nekatere dodatne dejavnike.\n<li class=\"l\"> V sestavi je vklju\u010deno preostalo \u0161tevilo popravkov, potrebnih za delovanje mehanizma SCHED_DEADLINE server, ki re\u0161uje te\u017eavo z neprejemanjem virov CPU od obi\u010dajnih nalog v pogojih monopolizacije CPU z visoko prioritetnimi (real-time) nalogami. Da bi prepre\u010dili monopolizacijo CPU, se je v jedru prej uporabljal mehanizem Realtime throttling, ki je posku\u0161al rezervirati 5 % za nizkoprioritete naloge, kar je pustilo 95 % \u010dasa real-time nalogam. Ta mehanizem ni bil zadosten, saj so obi\u010dajne naloge v mnogih situacijah prejemale premalo procesorskega \u010dasa. SCHED_DEADLINE server implementira u\u010dinkovitej\u0161i mehanizem rezervacije virov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zaklju\u010dena je integracija na\u010drtovalnika nalog EEVDF (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First), ki je zamenjal na\u010drtovalnik CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler), ki je bil dostavljen od jedra 2.6.23. Nov na\u010drtovalnik pri izbiri naslednjega procesa za prenos izvajanja upo\u0161teva procese, ki niso prejele ustreznih procesorskih virov ali so prejele nezaslu\u017eeno veliko procesorskega \u010dasa. V prvem primeru se prisili prenos upravljanja na proces, v drugem pa se nasprotno odlo\u017ei. Stari na\u010drtovalnik CFS je uporabljal heuristiko in natan\u010dne nastavitve za dolo\u010ditev procesov, ki potrebujejo posebno pozornost, medtem ko novi na\u010drtovalnik te procese spremlja bolj neposredno in ne zahteva natan\u010dnih nastavitev. Predvideva se, da bo EEVDF zmanj\u0161al zamude pri izvajanju nalog, pri katerih je CFS imel te\u017eave z na\u010drtovanjem.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 &#8212; DRM Panic, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e  \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435 &#171;\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438&#187;, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0438 QR-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c kmsg \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f.   \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 QR-\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e 2953 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_CODE_URL, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442 kmsg \u0441\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 zlib \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043a URL, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 QR-\u043a\u043e\u0434 V40 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 7500 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f URL, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 QR-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_VERSION.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za raz\u0161iritev ARM POE (Permission Overlay Extension), ki omogo\u010da dodeljevanje pravic dostopa do obmo\u010dij pomnilnika. S to raz\u0161iritvijo je mogo\u010de na sistemih s procesorji ARM64 uresni\u010diti mehanizem Memory Protection Keys, ki se uporablja za omejevanje dostopa do pomnilni\u0161kih strani brez spreminjanja tabel pomnilnika.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za arhitekture Loongarch, ARM64, PowerPC in s390 je bila prenesena implementacija sistemskega klica getrandom(), optimizirana s pomo\u010djo mehanizma vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object), ki omogo\u010da prenos obdelovalnika sistemskega klica iz jedra v uporabni\u0161ki prostor in se izogne preklapanju konteksta. Optimizacija omogo\u010da do 15-kratno pospe\u0161itev pridobivanja naklju\u010dnih \u0161tevil.\n<li class=\"l\"> V podsistem asimetri\u010dnega vnosa\/izpisa io_uring je dodana mo\u017enost uporabe absolutnih \u010dasovnih omejitev, ki se spro\u017eijo, ko dose\u017eejo dolo\u010deno \u010dasovno to\u010dko na sistemskih urah (prej so bile lahko nastavljene le relativne \u010dasovne omejitve, v katerih je bila navedena trajanje od za\u010detka operacije).\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodani so datoteke za ustvarjanje vezij za knji\u017enico libcpupower s pomo\u010djo orodij SWIG, ki omogo\u010da oblikovanje vezij iz kode C\/C++ za razli\u010dne programske jezike. Vezja omogo\u010dajo ustvarjanje skriptov v Pythonu in drugih jezikih ter njihovo uporabo za \u0161iritev funkcionalnosti knji\u017enice libcpupower, ki nudi API za upravljanje cpufreq in gonilnikov iz uporabni\u0161kega prostora.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 cpuidle \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f &#171;residency&#187;, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f realtime-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e  \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b  \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je mo\u017enost uporabe prevajalnika Clang za gradnjo standardne C knji\u017enice nolibc, ki je vklju\u010dena v izvorne kode jedra Linux in zagotavlja obravnavo osnovnih sistemskih klicev. Pri gradnji nolibc s Clang je mo\u017eno uporabiti optimizacijo v fazi povezovanja (LTO).\n<li class=\"l\"> Nekateri vmesniki cgroup1 so razgla\u0161eni za zastarele, kot so ra\u010dunanje TCP, prva razli\u010dica mehkih omejitev (soft limit) in upravljanje z iz\u010drpavanjem prostega pomnilnika. Podpora navedenih funkcij ostaja v celoti ohranjena, opozorilo pa je izdano za raziskovanje \u0161tevila uporabnikov, ki \u0161e naprej uporabljajo te mo\u017enosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430   trace_instance, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#171;trace_instance=boot_map@0x285400000:12M&#187; \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 12 \u041c\u0411 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 0x285400000 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 &#171;boot_map&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \/sys\/kernel\/tracing\/instances\/boot_map.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d  \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Rust-for-Linux, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e Rust \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0443). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 &#8216;list&#8217; \u0438  &#8216;rbtree&#8217; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438  \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e-\u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 (red-black tree). \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 &#8216;init&#8217;, &#8216;sync&#8217;, &#8216;types&#8217; \u0438 &#8216;error&#8217;. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Rust \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a Spectre (\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 MITIGATION_{RETHUNK,RETPOLINE,SLS}), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f  \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b KASAN,  \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b kCFI (kernel Control Flow Integrity) \u0438 Shadow Call, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 GCC. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f Ethernet-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 Applied Micro QT2025 PHY, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Rust. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 &#8212; rust.docs.kernel.org.\n<li class=\"l\"> V sestavi izvornih besedil jedra je dodana orodje xdrgen za pretvorbo XDR-specifikacij (eXternal Data Representation) v funkcije kodiranja in dekodiranja XDR, napisane v slogu C, sprejetem v jedru Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 barrier_nospec() \u0432 64-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 copy_from_user(), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 2.6% \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 &#171;per_thread_ops&#187;, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 USB-\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b 9pfs \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 USB-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0424\u0421 9p \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 USB (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, &#171;mount -t 9p -o trans=usbg,aname=\/path\/to\/fs &lt;device&gt; \/mnt\/9&#187;). \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e NFS \u0434\u043b\u044f  \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>\u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V podsystem VFS je dodana mo\u017enost dela s shranjevalnimi napravami, katerih velikost blokov je ve\u010dja od velikosti pomnilni\u0161ke strani v sistemu. V datote\u010dnih sistemih ta mo\u017enost trenutno podpira le XFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> V podsystemu FUSE, ki omogo\u010da ustvarjanje implementacij datote\u010dnih sistemov, ki delujejo v uporabni\u0161kem prostoru, je bila dodana podpora za preslikovanje identifikatorjev uporabnikov pritrjenih datote\u010dnih sistemov, ki se uporablja za usklajevanje datotek dolo\u010denega uporabnika na pritrjenem tujem razdelku z drugim uporabnikom v trenutnem sistemu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Izvedena je nova fcntl-operacija F_CREATED_QUERY, ki daje aplikaciji mo\u017enost, da dolo\u010di, ali je bil datoteka, odprta z uporabni\u0161kim zastavico O_CREAT, ustvarjena ali je \u017ee obstajala pred tem.\n<li class=\"l\"> V sistemski klic name_to_handle_at() je bila dodana mo\u017enost uporabe edinstvenih 64-bitnih identifikatorjev to\u010dk monta\u017ee za izklju\u010ditev stanja dirke pri raz\u010dlenjevanju \/proc\/mountinfo.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b &#171;file&#187; \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d \u0441 232 \u0434\u043e 184 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442  \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> Monta\u017ea datote\u010dnih sistemov na to\u010dke monta\u017ee znotraj hierarhije \/proc, na primer v \/proc\/PID\/fd, je prepovedana, kar bi lahko povzro\u010dilo potencialne varnostne te\u017eave.\n<li class=\"l\"> V psevdodatote\u010dnem sistemu NSFS (NameSpace FS), ki se uporablja za delo z imenskimi prostori, je bila izvedena dodatna informacija o imenskih prostorih to\u010dk monta\u017ee.\n<li class=\"l\"> V datote\u010dnem sistemu EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System), namenjenem uporabi na razdelkih, dostopnih v na\u010dinu samo za branje, je podpora za monta\u017eo datote\u010dnih sistemov neposredno iz diskovnih slik, shranjenih v obliki datotek.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS so dodane nove ioctl-ukazi XFS_IOC_START_COMMIT in XFS_IOC_COMMIT_RANGE za izmenjavo vsebine med dvema datotekama.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 NFS \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 &#171;LOCALIO&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/server\/\"   title=\"stre\u017enik\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">stre\u017enik<\/a> NFS na istem gostitelju, da se uporabijo ustrezne optimizacije.\n<li class=\"l\"> V datote\u010dnem sistemu Btrfs so predlagane optimizacije zmogljivosti, izvedena je preureditev kode, zmanj\u0161ano je obmo\u010dje zaklepanja ekstenzov pri operacijah branja, nadaljevalo se je delo na prehodu na uporabo zvezkov strani pomnilnika (page folios) in uvedeno je samodejno spro\u0161\u010danje pomnilnika za strukturo btrfs_path.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412  \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435  Ext4 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c &#171;fast commit&#187; \u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizacija in varnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodan je LSM modul IPE (Integrity Policy Enforcement), koji je razvio Microsoft za pro\u0161irenje postoje\u0107e sistemske mandatske kontrole pristupa. Modul omogu\u0107ava definiranje op\u0107e politike osiguranja cjelovitosti za cijeli sustav, koja odre\u0111uje koje operacije su dozvoljene i na koji na\u010din treba verifikovati autenti\u010dnost komponenti. Na primjer, pomo\u0107u IPE-a mogu\u0107e je odrediti koje izvr\u0161ne datoteke se smiju pokretati uz provjeru njihove uskla\u0111enosti s referentnom verzijom koriste\u0107i kriptografske he\u0161eve koje pru\u017ea dm-verity sustav.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tijekom faze kompilacije jezgre omogu\u0107eno je odvojeno uklju\u010divanje dostupnih metoda za\u0161tite od razli\u010ditih ranjivosti klase Spectre u CPU-u. U Kconfigu su predlo\u017eene nove opcije: MITIGATE_MDS (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti Microarchitectural Data Sampling), MITIGATE_TAA (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti TSX Asynchronous Abort), MITIGATE_MMIO_STALE_DATA (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti MMIO Stale Data), MITIGATE_L1TF (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti L1 Terminal Fault), MITIGATE_RETBLEED (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti Retbleed), MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V1, MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V2 (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti Spectre), MITIGATE_SRBDS (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti Special Register Buffer Data Sampling), MITIGATE_SSB (za\u0161tita od ranjivosti Speculative Store Bypass).\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je opcija komandne linije proc_mem.force_override i skup build postavki u Kconfigu (PROC_MEM_FORCE_ALWAYS, PROC_MEM_FORCE_PTRACE i PROC_MEM_FORCE_NEVER), koji omogu\u0107uju zabranu promjene memorije preko \/proc\/pid\/mem.\n<li class=\"l\"> LSM (Linux security module) podsustav pre\u0161ao je na kori\u0161tenje stati\u010dkih poziva, \u0161to je pobolj\u0161alo sigurnost i pove\u0107alo performanse.\n<li class=\"l\"> Omogu\u0107ena je upotreba standardnih jezgri za arhitekturu ARM64 u virtuelnim okru\u017eenjima koja se rade na Android sistemima s modificiranim hipervizorom KVM (za\u0161ti\u0107eni KVM).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 LSM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435 Landlock, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;IPC scoping&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 sandbox-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f Unix-\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Unix-\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 sandbox-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 scope-\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> U hipervizoru KVM u CPUID-u za gostuju\u0107e sisteme dodat je flag koji signalizira podr\u0161ku za ekstenzije AVX10.1.            <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Mre\u017ena podsistem<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je mehanizam Device Memory TCP, koji omogu\u0107ava kori\u0161\u0107enje mre\u017enih soketa za direktno slanje sadr\u017eaja memorije perifernih ure\u0111aja preko mre\u017ee (zero-copy mode) i direktno postavljanje sadr\u017eaja mre\u017enih paketa u memoriju ure\u0111aja na strani primaoca. Podaci preneseni u paketima se direktno \u0161alju od mre\u017ene kartice u memoriju perifernog ure\u0111aja ili iz memorije ure\u0111aja u mre\u017enu karticu, presko\u010div\u0161i CPU, dok se zaglavlja paketa sme\u0161taju u standardne baferi jezgra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro\u0161irene su mogu\u0107nosti mnogih Ethernet i be\u017ei\u010dnih drajvera. Na primer, u drajveru Intel iwlwifi dodata je podr\u0161ka za izno\u0161enje operacija RLC\/SMPS na stranu firmware-a, u drajveru RealTek rtw89 pobolj\u0161ane su performanse i dodata podr\u0161ka za \u010dipove RTL8852BT\/8852BE-VT (WiFi 6), a u Ethernet drajveru microchip dodata je podr\u0161ka za specifikacije IEEE 802.3bw (100BASE-T1) i IEEE 802.3bp, pobolj\u0161ane su implementacije virtuelnih Ethernet Microsoft vNIC i IBM veth. Dodani su novi drajveri za Ethernet \u010dipove Realtek RTL9054, RTL9068, RTL9072, RTL9075, RTL9068, RTL9071 i Microchip LAN8650\/1 10BASE-T1S MAC-PHY.\n<li class=\"l\"> U MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), ekstenziji TCP protokola za organizaciju isporuke TCP paketa istovremeno putem vi\u0161e ruta kroz razli\u010dite mre\u017ene interfejse, veli\u010dina kori\u0161\u0107enih pri rutiranju te\u017einskih koeficijenata pove\u0107ana je sa 8 na 16 bita. Implementirano je odre\u0111ivanje gubitni\u010dkog (blackhole) saobra\u0107aja i privremeno prekidanje poku\u0161aja uspostavljanja veza sa sistemima koji dovode do gubitka saobra\u0107aja.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f IPv6 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 &#171;p&#187; \u0432  PIO (Prefix Information Option), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0445 RA (IPv6 Router Advertisements) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 DHCPv6-PD (DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation, RFC9663) \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration). \u0412 IPv6 IOAM6 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 tunsrc, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pove\u0107ane su performanse obrade kontrolnih paketa IPsec.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pove\u0107ane su performanse praznjenja (flush) velikih skupova pravila nftables. U nfnetlink_queue pobolj\u0161ana je podr\u0161ka za SCTP protokol.\n<li class=\"l\"> U API ethtool dodata je podr\u0161ka za vezivanje vi\u0161e mre\u017enih kartica na jedan mre\u017eni interfejs.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Oprema<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 AMDGPU \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 GPU AMD RDNA4 (&#171;GFX12&#187;). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e GPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Delo se nadaljuje z razvojem drm-pogona (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe za GPU na osnovi arhitekture Intel Xe, ki se uporablja v grafi\u010dnih karticah Intel iz dru\u017eine Arc in v integrirani grafiki od procesorjev Tiger Lake naprej. Nova razli\u010dica vklju\u010duje podporo za GPU na osnovi mikroarhitektur Battlemage in Lunar Lake. Predstavljena je podpora za CCS-modifikatorje (Color Control Surface) Xe2 za upravljanje parametrov vgrajenih in diskretnih GPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 i915 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441  HWMON \u0438\u043b\u0438 sysfs (\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 &#171;fan1_input&#187;) \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430.  \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 &#171;i915.modeset&#187;, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e &#171;i915.modeset=0&#187; \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 &#171;i915.nomodeset&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-pogonu msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) je dodana podpora za GPU A615, A306 in A621.\n<li class=\"l\"> V pogonu Nouveau je bila izvedena prenova in \u010di\u0161\u010denje notranjih struktur.\n<li class=\"l\"> V pogonu intel_pstate, ki upravlja parametre porabe energije (P-state) na sistemih s procesorji Intel, je dodana podpora za hibridne sisteme z asimetri\u010dnimi (razli\u010dnimi po zna\u010dilnostih) CPU-ji, ter podporo za upravljanje porabe procesorjev na osnovi mikroarhitektur Granite Rapids in Sierra Forest. V pogonu intel_idle je dodana podpora za CPU Xeon Granite Rapids. V pogonu intel_rapl je bila omogo\u010dena prepoznava procesov AMD dru\u017eine 1Ah in procesorjev Intel ArrowLake-U.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nadaljuje se uvajanje sprememb za podporo ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite, ki uporablja lastni 12-jedrni CPU Qualcomm Oryon in GPU Qualcomm Adreno. \u010cip je usmerjen v uporabo v prenosnih ra\u010dunalnikih in PC-ih, ter preka\u0161a \u0161tevilne teste zmogljivosti \u010dipov Apple M3 in Intel Core Ultra 155H.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za ARM-plo\u0161\u010de, SoC in naprave: Broadcom bcm2712 (Raspberry Pi 5), Renesas R9A09G057 (RZ\/V2H), Qualcomm Snapdragon 414 (MSM8929), Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 6, Lenovo A6000\/A6010, Surface Laptop 7, Anbernic RG35XXSP, Firefly Core-PX30-JD4, Lunzn Fastrhino R68S, Aspeed Riser, AGX Orin, Rockchip Qnap-TS433, Huashan Pi, Meta Catalina, BeagleY-AI, NanoPi R2S Plus, ExynosAuto v920, SOPHGO SG2002, Qualcomm IPQ5332, LG G4 (h815), Cool Pi CM5 GenBook, Anbernic RG35XXSP, GameForce Ace, IBM P11, Kontron i.MX93 OSM-S, NanoPC-T6.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za zaslonske panele Anbernic RG28XX, On Tat Industrial Company KD50G21-40NT-A1, Innolux G070ACE-LH3, Melfas lmfbx101117480, Densitron DMT028VGHMCMI-1D, Microchip AC40T08A, AOU B116XTN02.3, AUO B116XAN06.1, AOU B116XAT04.1, BOE TV101WUM-LL2, BOE NV140WUM-N41, BOE NV133WUM-N63, BOE NV116WHM-A4D, BOE NE140WUM-N6G, CMN N116BCA-EA2, CMN N116BCP-EA2, CSW MNB601LS1-4, Starry er88577.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zvo\u010dni sistem je bila dodana podpora za \u010dipe in kodeke RME Digiface USB, AMD ACP 7.1, Mediatek MT6367, MT8365, Realtek RTL1320, C-Media CM9825. Stari zvo\u010dni gonilniki za ASoC Intel so razgla\u0161eni za zastarele, namesto katerih se priporo\u010da uporaba gonilnikov AVS. Vgonilniku SoundWire je bilo uvedenih veliko izbolj\u0161av.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62243\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.12. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Realtime-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430, sched_ext \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 CPU \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 eBPF, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 QR-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c Device Memory TCP, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 SCHED_DEADLINE server, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 EEVDF, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c IPE \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 14607 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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