{"id":184188,"date":"2026-11-08T23:41:05","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T21:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-kmorph-dlya-bystrogo-vosstanovleniya-posle-sboya-ili-obnovleniya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2026-11-08T23:41:09","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T21:41:09","slug":"kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","title":{"rendered":"Predstavljen kmorph za hitro obnovo po izpadu ali posodobitvi jedra Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Razvijalci projekta Multikernel, ki omogo\u010da delovanje ve\u010d neodvisnih primerkov jedra na enem fizi\u010dnem ra\u010dunalniku brez hipervizorjev in virtualizacije, so predstavili orodje kmorph, ki realizira sredstva za hitro obnovitev po nenadni zaustavitvi jedra Linux ali za zamenjavo jedra v Live-re\u017eimu brez popolne ponovne zagonske. Projekt vodi Cong Wang, ki vzdr\u017euje podsystem za upravljanje prometa (TC, Traffic Control) v jedru. Metoda hitrega ponovnega zagon je temelji na predhodnem nalaganju rezervnega jedra v pomnilnik, ki nadomesti glavno delovno jedro ob napaki ali po potrebi zamenja jedro z novo razli\u010dico. <\/p>\n

Predlagani pristop omogo\u010da, da se izognemo popolni ponovni zagon in skoraj takoj\u0161njo obnovitev dela, kar zmanj\u0161a \u010das nedelovanja na minimum. V trenutno obstoje\u010dem sistemu, ob nenadni zaustavitvi dela jedra, popolna ponovna zagon velikih stre\u017enikov<\/a> traja nekoliko minut zaradi dolgotrajnih procesov inicializacije naprav, nalaganja sistemskega okolja in shranjevanja jedrnega pomnilnika preko mehanizma kdump. V bistvu, pri uporabi kdump pride do dveh ponovnih nalaganj jedra \u2014 najprej se preko kexec nalo\u017ei lo\u010dena razli\u010dica jedra za shranjevanje pomnilnika, nato pa se nalo\u017ei delovno jedro in za\u017eenejo sistemske storitve.<\/p>\n

V primeru uporabe kmorph v povezavi z lo\u010denim jedrom CPU se v pomnilnik vnaprej nalo\u017ei rezervno jedro Linux in minimalno sistemsko okolje, ki spremlja stanje glavnega jedra. V primeru zmrzovanja ali vstopa v stanje napake glavnega jedra, rezervno okolje prevzame nadzor, shrani hro\u0161\u010da pomnilnika neuspe\u0161nega jedra, preklopi procesorska jedra, pomnilnik, naprave, omre\u017eno konfiguracijo in datote\u010dni sistem. <\/p>\n

Preklapljanje se usklajuje z dvema programoma: kmorph \u2014 za\u017eene se v aktivnem okolju, ustvari vsebino rezervnega okolja in sinhronizira stanje omre\u017eja v njem; kmorphd \u2014 za\u017eene se v rezervnem okolju in spremlja stanje aktivnega okolja. Poleg preklapljanja v primeru okvare omogo\u010da kmorph tudi posodobitev jedra brez tradicionalnega ponovnega nalaganja. Da bi pospe\u0161ili obnovitev v rezervnem okolju, se poleg jedra in minimalnega nabora sistemskih komponent lahko v na\u010dinu pripravljenosti za\u017eenejo tipi\u010dne storitve, kot je nginx. V tem primeru bo storitev nginx \u017ee nalo\u017eena v pomnilnik ob aktivaciji rezervnega okolja in takoj za\u010dela obdelovati zahteve po preklopu v novo okolje omre\u017ene kartice, aktivaciji omre\u017ene konfiguracije in menjavi korenske datote\u010dne sistem.<\/p>\n

V izvedenih testih stre\u017enik z nginxom s pomo\u010djo kmorph ponovno za\u017eene delovanje pribli\u017eno 2 sekundi po okvari jedra, vendar si v prihodnosti prizadevajo dose\u010di takoj\u0161nje preklop brez opaznosti za povezane stranke. Trenutno kmorph podpira arhitekture x86_64 in ARM64, v teku pa je razvoj podpore za RISC-V. Integracija kmorph v distribucije Linux se izvaja po analogiji s podporo kdump, preko standardnih orodij dracut, initramfs-tools, kernel-install in storitve systemd.<\/p>\n

Jedro \u017ee vklju\u010duje mehanizme Kexec HandOver (KHO) in Live Update Orchestrator (LUO), ki omogo\u010dajo zagon novega jedra iz starega brez izgube stanja sistema in brez ustavitve delovanja naprav. Vendar pa jih ni mogo\u010de uporabiti v primeru napake v jedru, saj zahtevajo zagotavljanje stanja delujo\u010dega jedra. KHO in LUO prav tako zaostajata za kmorph po hitrosti preklopa, saj je v kmorph novo jedro \u017ee v pomnilniku, KHO in LUO pa zahtevata ponovno nalaganje jedra preko kexec.
\n
Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Multikernel, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 kmorph, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 Live-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433 \u0412\u0430\u043d\u0433 (Cong Wang), \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c (TC, Traffic Control) \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Predstavljen kmorph za hitro obnovitev po napaki ali posodobitev jedra Linux | ProHoster","description":"Razvijalci projekta Multikernel, ki omogo\u010da zagon ve\u010d neodvisnih primerkov jedra na enem fizi\u010dnem ra\u010dunalniku brez hipervizorja in virtualizacije, so predstavili orodje kmorph, ki implementira te zmogljivosti.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sl_SI","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d kmorph \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 kmorph, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 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