{"id":29874,"date":"2019-10-31T21:32:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/primenenie-linux-i-spo-v-nashem-uchebnom-zavedenii-byt-ili-ne-byt\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:32:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:25","slug":"primenenie-linux-i-spo-v-nashem-uchebnom-zavedenii-byt-ili-ne-byt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/primenenie-linux-i-spo-v-nashem-uchebnom-zavedenii-byt-ili-ne-byt","title":{"rendered":"Uporaba Linuxa in O\u0160P v na\u0161em izobra\u017eevalnem zavodu: biti ali ne biti?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dober dan, dragi \u010dlani Habr. V zadnjem \u010dasu me skrbi vpra\u0161anje: kako dolgo bo \u0161e trajala monopolna pozicija podjetja Microsoft na podro\u010dju trga, ki skrbi za dobavo programske opreme mnogim izobra\u017eevalnim ustanovam v na\u0161i dr\u017eavi (dejansko je ta trg zasedel korporacija \u017ee od za\u010detka) 90. let prej\u0161njega stoletja<\/a><\/noindex>). <\/p>\n

Pripravljen imam konkreten primer: obiskujem dokaj priljubljen IT kro\u017eek za srednje\u0161olce pri lokalni univerzi N (ta univerza je precej presti\u017ena v mojem mestu), kjer se u\u010dimo ve\u010d predmetov:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201eOsnove informatike in ra\u010dunalni\u0161ke tehnike\u201c (\u017ee zaklju\u010deno).<\/li>\n
  2. \u201eUpravljanje\u2026 OSE\u201c: OS, \u201enotranjost\u201c PC (zaklju\u010deno).<\/li>\n
  3. \u201eDelo na osebnem ra\u010dunalniku\u201c: osnove Windows Explorerja, CMD, MS Office (pravkar zaklju\u010deno).<\/li>\n
  4. \u201eOsnove programiranja\u201c: PascalABC.NET (hvala bogu, da vsaj ni Turbo Pascal).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nZdaj pa kritika glede ve\u010dine to\u010dk:<\/a><\/noindex>
    \n1. Morda edini predmet, ki me je bolj ali manj zadovoljil. \u0160tevil\u010dni sistemi, binarna logika itd. Tukaj smo se ob\u0161li brez uporabe kakr\u0161nih koli OSE in programske opreme, zato nima neposredne povezave z mojo objavo.<\/p>\n

    2. Tukaj pa se za\u010dne najzanimivej\u0161e. Prvi\u010d, skoraj vse, kar smo obravnavali, je bilo zgodovina in mo\u017enosti MS-DOS in Windows (vseh razli\u010dic, le Windows XP, saj je bila predstavitev izdelana na za\u010detku 2000-ih). Mimoido\u010de so pokazali obstoj sistemov, kot so GNU\/Linux, *nix in\u2026 to je to. V tej predstavitvi nisem videl jasne zgodovine in mo\u017enosti *nix. Drugi\u010d, na predavanju smo dolgo razpravljali o razlikah med Windows 3.11 in 95 ter 98; spomnili smo se obstoja IDE na\u010dina; spoznali smo FAT12\/16\/32 in NTFS (\u010deprav predavatelj ni povedal ni\u010desar, razen razlage okraj\u0161ave \u201eNTFS\u201c), vendar o EXT2\/3\/4, BTRFS, UDF, celo o particioniranju diskov - ti\u0161ina! Enaka situacija je bila z BIOS-om: razlo\u017eili so funkcijo Legacy-BIOS, vendar so pozabili omeniti UEFI, da ne govorimo o Corebootu in drugih implementacijah BIOS-a. Hkrati so u\u010ditelji govorili o \u201emo\u010deh novosti\u201c Pentium 4 in DDR2, postopnem zastaranju diskete in prednostih Windows XP pred ME in 98 (spet poro\u010dilo iz let 2003-2005).<\/p>\n

    3. Tu je vse precej jasno: vse, kar je zastarelo in\/ali lastni\u0161ko. Na specifikacije samih ra\u010dunalnikov se ne prito\u017eujem: 0.5-2 gigabajta RAM-a in Pentium 4\/D dovoljujeta za ra\u010dunalnik-klient, tako kot pri nas Windows XP in osrednji stre\u017enik za shranjevanje datotek, ki deloma razbremenjuje obremenitev na sistemskem HDD. A na teh ra\u010dunalnikih sem na\u0161el le nekaj prostih programov iz stotih: Notepad++ in zelo staro razli\u010dico OpenOffice. Vse ostalo: Google Chrome, MS Office 2007\/2010 (neaktiviran), Adobe PDF Reader, antivirusni programi, lastni\u0161ki prevajalniki, Turbo Pascal\u2026 Mimogrede, na nekaterih (vsaj 1 GB RAM-a) je name\u0161\u010den Kubuntu 14.04.x, ki od namestitve ni bil nikoli posodobljen, niti sistem niti repozitoriji. Res so ga namestili samo zato, da so imeli to na seznamu: nikoli nisem videl nobenega \u0161tudenta, ki bi uporabljal Linux. \u0160e ve\u010d, ljudje, ki so namestili distribucijo, niso navedli gesla za root in nalagalnik. <\/p>\n

    Zato je enostavno najti to\u010dko Rescue Mode v GRUB2, samodejno pridobiti root pravice, ponovno montirati root v read\/write in izvesti passwd. V bistvu, kar je va\u0161 pokorni slu\u017eabnik storil dvakrat. In celotna (vse) OS je v mojem popolnem razpolaganju. Kak\u0161en smislu ima potem zaklepanje Windowsov, name\u0161\u010danje antivirusov, nastavljanje proxy, \u010de vsa ta \"za\u0161\u010dita\" ne pomeni ni\u010d? Poleg tega, ko sem u\u010ditelju povedal za to ranljivost, mi je odgovoril, da ga ta te\u017eava malo zanima. Ampak kako to? Enkrat prepovedujejo uporabo USB flash pomnilnikov brez antivirusnega skeniranja, drugi\u010d pa ignorirajo o\u010ditno te\u017eavo. Mimogrede, na teh ra\u010dunalnikih s Kubuntujem prakti\u010dno ni programske opreme. Niti gcc, niti g++, niti fpc, ni\u010desar, razen osnovnega sistema.<\/p>\n

    Kar se ti\u010de pisarne, je moja uporaba Libreoffice in odprtih standardov dokumentov povzro\u010dila, da se ve\u010dina .odt datotek nepravilno odpre v izdelku podjetja Microsoft, in obratno. \u010ceprav je MS Office (IMHO) zelo priro\u010den izdelek, je Libreoffice, \u0161e posebej kot brezpla\u010den projekt, prav tako dober. Na splo\u0161no, \u010de ne bi bilo lastni\u0161tva in zaprte narave MS Office, bi smisle njegove alternative bile minimalno zmanj\u0161ane (spet, po mojem skromnem mnenju). <\/p>\n

    Kljub temu, da se strinjam s A.V. Stolyarovim<\/a><\/noindex>, imam razumevanje da pomembna programska oprema obstaja le za Windows, in da ta sistem v prihodnjih letih zagotovo ne bo nadome\u0161\u010den na teh podro\u010djih (na primer, od programiranja nekaterih mikrokrmilnikov do zagona programske opreme za upravljanje stojnic razporeda-kotanja), vendar pa s vsakim letom te programske opreme postaja vse manj. \u0160e posebej so to precej redke zvrsti, in *nix ni zastonj menili, da so dobre sisteme za u\u010denje osnov programiranja.<\/p>\n

    Moral te basni je: \u017eal ugotavljam, da se na lokalni fakulteti (verjetno ne samo na tej) raje izbira lastni\u0161ke in zaprte izdelke, tudi \u010de jih je treba uporabljati nezakonito. Druga programska oprema se pogosto ignorira, saj ni spodbud za izbolj\u0161anje tako svojih dejanskih znanj kot znanj \u0161tudentov pri profesorjih (\u00abU\u010ditelji no\u010dejo u\u010diti\u00bb). Prikazana so beseda, da je na splo\u0161no, prosta programska oprema pripravljena za uporabo uporabnikov, vendar pa sami uporabniki no\u010dejo tega uporabljati in\/ali se razvijati, \u010de jim \u00abtudi tako ustreza\u00bb.<\/p>\n

    P.S.:UNIX v SSSR-u<\/b> Moj dedek mi je pripovedoval, da so leta 1986-1988, kot vodja organizacije UPRCEN\u0422\u0420\u0417\u0410\u041f\u0427\u0410\u0421\u0422\u042c, skupaj z drugimi kolegi sprejeli odlo\u010ditev, da osebje na njihovih osnovah v Stolbcih in Tashkentu prenesejo na mini-EVM \u00abRobotron\u00bb in \u0161e na kak\u0161ne druge EVM na\u0161e proizvodnje, s centralnim ra\u010dunalnikom stre\u017enikom. Sode\u010d po njegovih opisih in Wikipediji, je bil na tem stre\u017eniku name\u0161\u010den Unix, pri \u010demer je bil na nekaterih od njih sovjetske razli\u010dice. Zato, tako reko\u010d, potencial za u\u010denje *nix ostal. <\/p>\n

    Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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