{"id":30470,"date":"2019-10-31T21:35:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sovremennaya-platforma-dlya-razrabotki-i-razvertyvaniya-programmnogo-obespecheniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:35:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:42","slug":"sovremennaya-platforma-dlya-razrabotki-i-razvertyvaniya-programmnogo-obespecheniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-platforma-dlya-razrabotki-i-razvertyvaniya-programmnogo-obespecheniya","title":{"rendered":"Sodobna platforma za razvoj in uvajanje programske opreme","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>To je prva objava v seriji gradiv, posve\u010denih spremembam, izbolj\u0161avam in dopolnili v prihajajo\u010di razli\u010dici platforme Red Hat OpenShift 4.0, ki bodo pomagale pri prehodu na novo razli\u010dico.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sodobna platforma za razvoj in uvajanje programske opreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/c3c3ca1d31f65d6642acb50832db0812.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u017de od trenutka, ko so se predstavniki \u0161ele nastajajo\u010de skupnosti Kubernetes prvi\u010d zbrali jeseni 2014 v pisarni Googla v Seattlu, je bilo mogo\u010de re\u010di, da je projektu Kubernetes usojeno, da temeljito spremeni sodobne pristope k razvoju in uvajanju programske opreme. Hkrati so javni ponudniki obla\u010dnih storitev \u0161e naprej aktivno vlagali v razvoj infrastrukture in storitev, kar je znatno olaj\u0161alo in poenostavilo delo na IT-ju in ustvarjanje programske opreme ter jih naredilo izjemno dostopne, kar si je na za\u010detku desetletja te\u017eko predstavljati.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nSeveda je vsak nov obla\u010dni servis spremljala mno\u017eica razprav strokovnjakov na Twitterju, pri \u010demer so se razprave dotikale najrazli\u010dnej\u0161ih tem \u2013 vklju\u010dno s koncem dobe odprtokodnega programja, zatonu IT na strani strank (on-premises IT), neizbe\u017enostjo nove programske monopole v oblaku in tem, kako nova paradigma X nadomesti vse druge paradigme. <\/p>\n<h3>Ni treba posebej poudarjati, da so bile vse te razprave precej neumne.<\/h3>\n<p>\nResni\u010dnost pa je tak\u0161na, da ni\u010d ne izgine, in danes lahko opazimo eksponentno rast kon\u010dnih produktov in na\u010dinov njihovega razvoja, kar je povezano s stalnim pojavljanjem nove programske opreme v na\u0161ih \u017eivljenjih. In \u010deprav se bo vse okoli nas spreminjalo, bo v svoji bistvi vse ostalo nespremenjeno. Razvijalci programske opreme bodo \u0161e naprej pisali kodo z napakami, operativni in\u017eenirji ter strokovnjaki za zanesljivost bodo \u0161e naprej nosili pagerje in prejemali samodejna obvestila v Slacku, managerji bodo \u0161e naprej uporabljali pojme OpEx in CapEx, in vsaki\u010d, ko bo pri\u0161lo do okvare, bo starej\u0161i razvijalec s te\u017ekim srcem vzdihnil z besedami: 'Rekel sem!'\u2026 <\/p>\n<p>Tisto, kar bi resni\u010dno <b>morali razpravljati.<\/b>, to so, what tools can we have at our disposal to create higher quality software products, and how do they enhance security and make development easier and more reliable. With the increasing complexity of projects, new risks arise, and today people's lives are so dependent on software that developers must strive to do their jobs better. <\/p>\n<p>Kubernetes is one of those tools. Work is underway to integrate it with other tools and services within Red Hat OpenShift into a single platform that would make software more reliable, easier to manage, and safer for users. <\/p>\n<p>With that said, the OpenShift team is asking one simple question: <\/p>\n<h3>How can working with Kubernetes be made simpler and more convenient? <\/h3>\n<p>\nThe answer is surprisingly obvious: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>automate complex moments in deploying in the cloud or on-premises; <\/li>\n<li>focus on reliability while hiding complexity; <\/li>\n<li>continue the constant work of releasing simple and secure updates; <\/li>\n<li>achieve controllability and auditability; <\/li>\n<li>aim to ensure high security from the start, but not at the expense of usability. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nThe next release of OpenShift must take into account both the experiences of creators and the experiences of other developers who are implementing software on a large scale in the world's largest companies. Additionally, it should consider the accumulated experience of open ecosystems that are foundational to the modern world today. At the same time, it is necessary to abandon the old mentality of the amateur developer and move towards a new philosophy of automated future. It must be a 'bridge' between past and new deployment methods and fully utilize all available infrastructure - no matter whether it is served by a major cloud provider or launched on tiny edge systems. <\/p>\n<h3>How to achieve such a result?<\/h3>\n<p>\nV Red Hatu je obi\u010daj da se dugotrajno obavljaju dosadni i nezahvalni poslovi kako bi se o\u010duvala uspostavljena zajednica i spre\u010dilo zatvaranje projekata u kojima kompanija u\u010destvuje. U open-source zajednici postoji ogroman broj talentovanih programera koji kreiraju najneobi\u010dnije stvari \u2013 zabavne, edukativne, otvaraju\u0107i nove mogu\u0107nosti i jednostavno prelepe, ali, naravno, niko ne o\u010dekuje da \u0107e svi u\u010desnici i\u0107i u istom pravcu ili da \u0107e imati zajedni\u010dke ciljeve. Kori\u0161\u0107enje te energije, preusmeravanje iste u pravom smeru, ponekad je neophodno za razvoj pravaca koji bi bili korisni na\u0161im korisnicima, ali istovremeno moramo pratiti razvoj na\u0161ih zajednica i u\u010diti od njih. <\/p>\n<p>Po\u010detkom 2018. godine, Red Hat je kupio projekat CoreOS, koji je imao sli\u010dne poglede na budu\u0107nost \u2013 bezbedniju i pouzdaniju, zasnovanu na principima open-source. Kompanija je radila na daljem razvoju ovih ideja i njihovoj realizaciji, primenjuju\u0107i na\u0161u filosofiju \u2013 nastoje\u0107i da postigne bezbedan rad svega softverskog re\u0161enja. Sav ovaj rad se oslanja na Kubernetes, Linux, javne oblake, privatne oblake i hiljade drugih projekata koji \u010dine osnovu na\u0161e savremene digitalne ekosisteme. <\/p>\n<h3>Nova verzija OpenShift 4 bi\u0107e jasna, automatizovana i prirodnija.<\/h3>\n<p>\nPlatforma OpenShift \u0107e raditi sa najboljim i najpouzdanijim operativnim sistemima Linux, sa bare-metal hardverskom podr\u0161kom, prakti\u010dnom virtualizacijom, automatskim programiranjem infrastrukture i, naravno, kontejnerima (koji su u su\u0161tini samo Linux slike). <\/p>\n<p>Platforma treba da bude bezbedna od samog po\u010detka, ali istovremeno omogu\u0107iti jednostavne iteracije za programere \u2013 to jest, imati dovoljnu fleksibilnost i pouzdanost, a da istovremeno omogu\u0107i administratorima da vr\u0161e audite i obezbede lako upravljanje. <\/p>\n<p>Ona treba da omogu\u0107ava pokretanje softvera \u201ekao usluga\u201c, a da ne dovodi do nekontrolisane ekspanzije infrastrukture za operatore. <\/p>\n<p>To\u017e bo razvijalcem omogo\u010dila, da se osredoto\u010dijo na ustvarjanje pravih produktov za uporabnike in stranke. Ni vam treba prebijati skozi go\u0161\u010davo nastavitev strojne in programske opreme, vse naklju\u010dne zaplete pa bodo ostali v preteklosti. <\/p>\n<h3>OpenShift 4: NoOps platforma, ki ne zahteva vzdr\u017eevanja<\/h3>\n<p>\nV <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.openshift.com\/the-modern-software-platform\/\">te publikacije<\/a><\/noindex> Opisane so naloge, ki so pripomogle k oblikovanju vizije podjetja glede OpenShift 4. Ekipa si prizadeva poenostaviti vsakodnevne naloge vzdr\u017eevanja in podpore programske opreme ter narediti te procese lahke in brezskrbne \u2013 tako za strokovnjake, ki se ukvarjajo z implementacijo, kot tudi za razvijalce. Kako pa je mogo\u010de dose\u010di ta cilj? Kako ustvariti platformo za zagon programske opreme, ki zahteva minimalno posredovanje? Kaj v tem kontekstu sploh pomeni NoOps? <\/p>\n<p>\u010ce se posku\u0161ate abstrahirati, pojma \"serverless\" ali \"NoOps\" za razvijalce pomenita orodja in storitve, ki omogo\u010dajo skrivanje \"operativne\" komponente ali minimaliziranje bremena za razvijalca. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Delujte z aplikativnimi vmesniki (API) in ne s sistemi. <\/li>\n<li>Ne ukvarjajte se z implementacijo programske opreme \u2013 naj to namesto vas stori ponudnik. <\/li>\n<li>Ne smete se takoj lotiti ustvarjanja velikega okvirja \u2013 za\u010dnite z nekaterimi manj\u0161imi deli, ki bodo slu\u017eila kot \"gradniki\", in poskrbite, da bo ta koda delovala z podatki in dogodki, ne pa z diski in podatkovnimi bazami.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCilj, kot vedno, je pospe\u0161iti iteracije pri razvoju programske opreme, omogo\u010diti ustvarjanje kakovostnej\u0161ih produktov in poskrbeti, da se razvijalec ne bo moral obremenjevati s sistemi, na katerih te\u010de njegova programska oprema. Izku\u0161en razvijalec zelo dobro razume, da se lahko slika hitro spremeni, \u010de se osredoto\u010dite na uporabnike, zato ni smiselno vlagati preve\u010d truda v programsko opremo, \u010de nimate absolutne prepri\u010danosti o njeni nujnosti. <\/p>\n<p>Za strokovnjake, ki se ukvarjajo z vzdr\u017eevanjem in obratovanjem, se lahko izraz \u201eNoOps\u201c sli\u0161i nekoliko zastra\u0161ujo\u010de. A med pogovorom z in\u017eenirji za obratovanje postane o\u010ditno, da se vzorci in metodologije, ki jih uporabljajo za zagotavljanje zanesljivosti (Site Reliability Engineering, SRE), v veliki meri prekrivajo z zgoraj opisanimi vzorci: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ne upravljajte s sistemi \u2013 avtomatizirajte procese njihovega upravljanja. <\/li>\n<li>Ne ukvarjajte se z uvedbo programske opreme \u2013 raje ustvarite pipeline za njeno uvajanje. <\/li>\n<li>Trudite se, da ne zdru\u017eite vseh svojih storitev skupaj in ne dopustite, da neuspeh ene izmed njih pripelje do neuspeha celotnega sistema \u2013 razpr\u0161ite jih po celotni infrastrukturi, uporabite avtomatizacijska orodja in jih pove\u017eite z mo\u017enostjo nadzora in spremljanja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nStrokovnjaki za SRE vedo, da lahko kaj gre narobe, zato morajo spremljati in odpravljati te\u017eave \u2013 zato avtomatizirajo rutinsko delo in se vnaprej dogovorijo o sprejemljivih odstopanjih (error budgets), da bodo lahko prioritizirali in sprejemali odlo\u010ditve, kadar se pojavijo te\u017eave. <\/p>\n<p>Kubernetes v OpenShiftu je platforma, namenjena re\u0161evanju dveh glavnih nalog: namesto da vas prisili, da se ukvarjate z virtualnimi stroji ali API-ji uravnote\u017eevalnikov obremenitev, se obravnavajo vi\u0161ji nivoji abstrakcije \u2013 procesi uvajanja in storitve. Namesto name\u0161\u010danja programske opreme lahko za\u017eenete kontejnerje, namesto da bi pisali svoj sistem za nadzor, uporabite \u017ee obstoje\u010da orodja na platformi. Tako skrivni sestavina OpenShift 4 v resnici ni nobena skrivnost \u2013 preprosto je treba uporabiti na\u010dela SRE in brezstre\u017ena koncepta ter jih izpeljati do logi\u010dnega zaklju\u010dka, da bi pomagala razvijalcem in in\u017eenirjem za obratovanje: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Avtomatizirati in standardizirati infrastrukturo, ki jo uporabljajo aplikacije.<\/li>\n<li>Povezati procese uvajanja in razvoja, ne da bi pri tem omejili same razvijalce.<\/li>\n<li>Zagotoviti, da je zagon, revizija in zagotavljanje varnosti stotega servisa, funkcije, aplikacije ali celotnega sklada prav tako enostavno kot prvega. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKako se OpenShift 4 razlikuje od svojih prethodnika i od \u201estandardnog\u201c pristupa re\u0161avanju sli\u010dnih problema? Kako se posti\u017ee skaliranje za timove koji se bave implementacijom i eksploatacijom? Na osnovu toga \u0161to je kralj u ovoj situaciji \u2014 klaster. dakle,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u010dinite da svrha klastera bude jasna (Skupo oblak, ovaj klaster sam podigao jer sam mogao)<\/li>\n<li>Ma\u0161ine i operativni sistemi postoje da bi opslu\u017eili klaster (Va\u0161a Visost)<\/li>\n<li>Upravljajte stanjem hostova sa klastera, minimizirajte njihova preme\u0161tanja (drift). <\/li>\n<li>Za svaki va\u017ean element sistema potrebna je beba-sitter (mehanizam) koja \u0107e pratiti i re\u0161avati probleme<\/li>\n<li>Kvar *svakog* aspekta ili elementa sistema odgovaraju\u0107i mehanizmi oporavka \u2014 deo su svakodnevnog \u017eivota<\/li>\n<li>Cela infrastruktura mora biti konfigurisana putem API-a. <\/li>\n<li>Koristite Kubernetes za pokretanje Kubernetesa. (Da, da, ovo nije gre\u0161ka)<\/li>\n<li>A\u017euriranja treba da se instaliraju lako i prirodno. Ako za instalaciju a\u017euriranja treba vi\u0161e od jednog klika mi\u0161a, o\u010digledno je da radimo ne\u0161to pogre\u0161no. <\/li>\n<li>Pra\u0107enje i debagovanje bilo kojeg komponenta ne bi trebala da bude problem, a samim tim i pra\u0107enje i izve\u0161tavanje o celoj infrastrukturi tako\u0111e treba da bude jednostavno i zgodno. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u017delite li videti mogu\u0107nosti platforme u akciji?<\/h3>\n<p>\nBeta verzija OpenShift 4 postala je dostupna programerima. Sa jednostavnim instalaterom mo\u017eete pokrenuti klaster na AWS-u iznad Red Hat CoreOS. Za kori\u0161\u0107enje beta verzije potrebna je samo AWS nalog za obezbe\u0111ivanje infrastrukture i set naloga za pristup beta slikama. <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Za po\u010detak, idite na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/try.openshift.com\/\">try.openshift.com<\/a><\/noindex> i kliknite na \u201cGet Started\u201d. <\/li>\n<li>Prijavite se u svoj Red Hat nalog (ili kreirajte novi) i pratite uputstva da biste postavili svoj prvi klaster. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nNakon uspe\u0161ne instalacije, upoznajte se sa na\u0161im obrazovnim materijalima <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/openshift\/training\">OpenShift Training<\/a><\/noindex>, da biste dobili detaljniji uvid u sisteme i koncepte koji \u010dine platformu OpenShift 4 tako jednostavnim i korisnim alatom za pokretanje Kubernetesa. <\/p>\n<p>Preizkusite novo izdajo OpenShift in delite svoje mnenje. Prizadevamo si, da bi delo s Kubernetesom bilo \u010dim bolj dostopno in brez napora \u2013 prihodnost NoOps se za\u010dne \u017ee danes. <\/p>\n<p><b>In zdaj pozor!<br \/>\nNa konferenci <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/devopsforum.ru\/\">DevOpsForum 2019<\/a><\/noindex> 20. aprila bo eden od razvijalcev OpenShift, Vadim Rutkovski, izvedel mojstrski te\u010daj \u2013 razbil bo deset grozdov in nas nau\u010dil, kako jih popraviti. Konferenca je pla\u010dljiva, toda s promocijsko kodo #RedHat popust 37%.<\/p>\n<p>Mojstrski te\u010daj bo od 17:15 do 18:15, stojnica pa deluje \u010dez dan. T-majice, kape, nalepke \u2013 kot obi\u010dajno!<\/p>\n<p>Dvorana #2<br \/>\n\u201eTukaj je treba spremeniti celoten sistem: popravljamo pokvarjene k8s grozde skupaj s certificiranimi mojstri.\u201c <\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/redhatrussia\/blog\/445558\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b Red Hat OpenShift \u0434\u043e 4.0, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u0421 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 Kubernetes \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c 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