{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Elektri\u010dna stimulacija mo\u017eganov je pomagala spominu starej\u0161ih, da dohiti mlade","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Od zdravljenja depresije do zmanj\u0161anja posledic Parkinsonove bolezni in prebuditve pacientov v vegetativnem stanju, ima stimulacija mo\u017eganov z elektri\u010dnim tokom ogromen potencial. Ena izmed novih raziskav se osredoto\u010da na prepre\u010devanje upadanja kognitivnih sposobnosti z izbolj\u0161anjem spomina in u\u010dnih sposobnosti. Eksperiment, ki so ga izvedli raziskovalci z Univerze v Bostonu, je pokazal neinvazivno tehniko, ki lahko obnovi delovni spomin pri 70-letnikih, do te mere, da je enakovreden tistemu pri 20-letnikih.<\/p>\n

V mnogih raziskavah stimulacije mo\u017eganov se uporabljajo elektrode, vsajene v dolo\u010dena podro\u010dja mo\u017eganov, za prenos elektri\u010dnih impulzov. Ta postopek imenujemo \"globoka\" ali \"direktna\" stimulacija mo\u017eganov in ima svoje prednosti zaradi natan\u010dnega pozicioniranja vpliva. Vendar pa je vgradnja elektrod v mo\u017egane precej neprakti\u010dna in preprosto povezana z nekaterimi tveganji za vnetje ali oku\u017ebo v primeru, da se ne upo\u0161tevajo vsi operativni standardi.<\/p>\n

Alternativa je posredna stimulacija z neinvazivno (neoperativno) metodo preko elektrod, name\u0161\u010denih na lasi\u0161\u010du, kar omogo\u010da izvajanje tak\u0161nih manipulacij tudi v doma\u010dem okolju. Na tak\u0161en na\u010din se je odlo\u010dil delovati Rob Reinhart, nevrobiolog z Univerze v Bostonu, v prizadevanju, da izbolj\u0161a spomin starej\u0161ih, ki se obi\u010dajno oslabi s starostjo.<\/p>\n

\"Elektri\u010dna
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Natan\u010dneje, njegovi eksperimenti so bili popolnoma osredoto\u010deni na delovni spomin, ki se aktivira, ko se spomnimo, da moramo vzeti kaj v trgovini, ali ko posku\u0161amo najti klju\u010de od avtomobila. Po besedah Reinharta lahko delovni spomin za\u010dne slab\u0161ati \u017ee pri 30 letih, saj razli\u010dni deli mo\u017eganov za\u010dnejo izgubljati povezanost in postajajo manj usklajeni. Ko dose\u017eemo 60 ali 70 let, lahko ta neuskla\u0111enost privede do opaznega upada kognitivnih funkcij.<\/p>\n

Znanstvenik je odkril na\u010din obnove prekinjenih nevronov. Metoda temelji na dveh elementih delovanja mo\u017eganov. Prvi je \"povezovanje\", ko se razli\u010dni deli mo\u017eganov aktivirajo v dolo\u010denem zaporedju, kot dobro uveljavljen orkester. Drugi je \"sinhronizacija\", ko se po\u010dasnej\u0161i ritmi, znani kot theta ritmi in povezani s hipokampom, ustrezno sinhronizirajo. Obe funkciji se s staranjem slab\u0161ata in vplivata na delovanje spomina.<\/p>\n

\"Elektri\u010dna<\/p>\n

Za svoj eksperiment, Reinhart je uklju\u010dio grupu mladih ljudi u dobi od oko 20 godina, kao i grupu starijih osoba u dobi od 60 do 70 godina. Svaka grupa je trebala izvr\u0161iti niz odre\u0111enih zadataka koji su uklju\u010divali gledanje slike, pauzu, gledanje druge slike, a zatim iz memorije otkrivanje razlika izme\u0111u njih.<\/p>\n

Nije iznena\u0111enje \u0161to je mla\u0111a eksperimentalna grupa ostvarila znatno bolje rezultate od starije. No, tada je Reinhart primijenio 25 minuta blage stimulacije kore mozga starijih osoba s impulsima pode\u0161enim na neuralne konture svakog pacijenta u skladu s podru\u010djem kore koje je odgovorno za radnu memoriju. Nakon toga, grupe su nastavile izvr\u0161avati zadatke, a razlika u to\u010dnosti obavljanja zadataka izme\u0111u njih nestala je. Efekt je trajao najmanje 50 minuta nakon stimulacije. \u0160tovi\u0161e, Reinhart je otkrio da mo\u017ee pobolj\u0161ati funkciju pam\u0107enja \u010dak i kod mladih ljudi koji su lo\u0161e rije\u0161ili zadatke.<\/p>\n

\"Ugotovili smo, da so preskusni subjekti pri 20 letih, ki so se sre\u010dali z te\u017eavami pri izvajanju nalog, prav tako mogli imeti koristi od enake stimulacije,\" pravi Reinhart. \"Uspe\u0161no smo izbolj\u0161ali njihovo delovno spomin, tudi \u010de niso bili stari 60 ali 70 let.\"<\/p>\n

Reinhart se nada nastaviti istra\u017eivati kako stimulacija mozga mo\u017ee pobolj\u0161ati funkciju ljudskog mozga, posebno za one koji pate od Alzheimerove bolesti.<\/p>\n

\"To odpira nove prilo\u017enosti za raziskave in zdravljenja,\" pravi. \"In zelo smo navdu\u0161eni nad tem.\"<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eivanje je objavljeno u \u010dasopisu Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Izvor: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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