{"id":31915,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:56","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/polzovatel-v-docker\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:43:56","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:56","slug":"polzovatel-v-docker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/polzovatel-v-docker","title":{"rendered":"User in Docker","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Andrej Kopylov<\/a><\/noindex>, na\u0161 tehni\u010dni direktor, rad uporablja in propagira Docker. V novem \u010dlanku opisuje, kako ustvariti uporabnike v Dockerju. Pravilno delo z njimi, zakaj uporabniki ne smejo imeti pravic root in kako re\u0161iti te\u017eavo neskladnosti indikatorjev v Dockerfile.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Vse procese v kontejnerju bo izvajal uporabnik root, razen \u010de ga posebaj ne dolo\u010dite. To se zdi zelo priro\u010dno, saj ta uporabnik nima nobenih omejitev. Zato je delo pod rootom napa\u010dno z vidika varnosti. Medtem ko na lokalnem ra\u010dunalniku nih\u010de pri zdravem razumu ne dela s pravicami root, mnogi procesi v kontejnerjih te\u010dejo kot root.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Vedno obstajajo napake, ki omogo\u010dajo zlonamernemu programu pobegniti iz kontejnerja in priti na gostiteljski ra\u010dunalnik. Predvidevajo\u010d najslab\u0161e, moramo zagotoviti, da se procesi znotraj kontejnerja izvajajo z uporabnikom, ki nima pravic na gostiteljskem ra\u010dunalniku.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Ustvarjanje uporabnika v kontejnerju se ne razlikuje od ustvarjanja v linux distribucijah. Vendar se lahko ukazi za razli\u010dne osnovne slike razlikujejo.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Za distribucije, ki temeljijo na debian, je v Dockerfile potrebno dodati:<\/p>\n

RUN groupadd --gid 2000 node \n  && useradd --uid 2000 --gid node --shell \/bin\/bash --create-home node<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Za alpine:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
RUN addgroup -g 2000 node \n    && adduser -u 2000 -G node -s \/bin\/sh -D node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Zagon procesov pod uporabnikom<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
Za zagon vseh naslednjih procesov pod uporabnikom z UID 2000 izvedite:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
USER 2000<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Za zagon vseh naslednjih procesov pod uporabnikom node izvedite:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
USER node<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Ve\u010d o dokumenti<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Priklju\u010ditev volumov<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
Pri priklju\u010ditvi volumov v kontejner zagotovite uporabniku, da lahko bere in (ali) pi\u0161e datoteke. Za to morata biti UID (GID) uporabnika v kontejnerju in uporabnika zunaj kontejnerja, ki ima ustrezne pravice za dostop do datoteke, enaka. Imena uporabnikov pri tem nimajo pomena.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Pogosto ima na linux ra\u010dunalniku uporabnik UID in GID enaka 1000. Ta identifikatorja sta dodeljena prvemu uporabniku ra\u010dunalnika.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Preverite svoje identifikatorje zlahka:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
id<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Prejeli boste iz\u010drpne informacije o svojem uporabniku.
\nZamenjajte 2000 iz primerov s svojim identifikatorjem in vse bo v redu.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Dodeljevanje uporabniku UID in GID<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
\u010ce je uporabnik ustvarjen prej, a potrebujete spremeniti identifikatorje, to lahko storite tako:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
RUN usermod -u 1000 node \n  && groupmod -g 1000 node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
\u010ce uporabljate osnovno sliko alpine, morate namestiti paket shadow:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
RUN apk add --no-cache shadow<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Prenos identifikatorja uporabnika znotraj kontejnerja pri gradnji slike<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
\u010ce se va\u0161 identifikator in identifikatorji vseh, ki delajo na projektu, ujemajo, je dovolj, da ta identifikator navedete v Dockerfilu. Vendar se pogosto identifikatorji uporabnikov ne ujemajo.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kako dose\u010di \u017eeljeno ni takoj jasno. Zame je bilo to najte\u017eje v procesu spoznavanja dockers. Mnogi uporabniki dockers ne razmi\u0161ljajo o tem, da so razli\u010dne faze \u017eivljenja slike. Najprej se slika sestavi, za to se uporablja Dockerfile. Pri zagonu kontejnerja iz slike Dockerfile ni ve\u010d uporabljen.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Ustvarjanje uporabnikov mora potekati pri gradnji slike. To velja tudi za dolo\u010danje uporabnika, pod katerim se izvajajo procesi. To pomeni, da moramo nekako prenesti UID (GID) znotraj kontejnerja.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Za uporabo zunanjih spremenljivk v Dockerfilu slu\u017eijo direktive ENV<\/a><\/noindex> in\u00a0ARG<\/a><\/noindex>. Podrobna primerjava direktiv tukaj<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Dockerfile<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
ARG UID=1000\nARG GID=1000\nENV UID=${UID}\nENV GID=${GID}\nRUN usermod -u $UID node \n  && groupmod -g $GID node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Prenos argumentov preko docker-compose lahko poteka tako:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
docker-compose<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
build:\n  context: .\/src\/backend\n  args:\n    UID: 1000\n    GID: 1000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
P.S. Za obvladovanje vseh skrivnosti dockers ni dovolj, da preberete dokumentacijo ali \u010dlanke. Potrebno je veliko vaditi, treba je za\u010dutiti dockers.<\/p>\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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