{"id":32111,"date":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","slug":"nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","title":{"rendered":"Logika znanosti v programiranju","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Logika znanosti v programiranju\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3f4ea4ccd01e4dd17cb9348e35b80752.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ta \u010dlanek obravnava primerjalno analizo logi\u010dnih entitet iz dela nem\u0161kega filozofa Georga Wilhelma Friedricha Hegla \u201eZnanost logike\u201c z njihovimi analogi ali odsotnostjo le-teh v programiranju.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Entitete iz \u201eZnanosti logike\u201c so poudarjene v le\u017ee\u010di pisavi, da ne bi pri\u0161lo do zmede z obi\u010dajnimi opredelitvami teh besed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"chistoe-bytie\">\u010cisto bitje<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010ce odprete definicijo <em>\u010distega bitja<\/em> V knjigi boste na\u0161li zanimiv stavek \u201ebrez nadaljnje opredelitve\u201c. Vendar pa tisti, ki niso brali ali niso razumeli, ne obsojajte avtorja zaradi demence. <em>\u010cisto bitje<\/em> \u2014 to je osnovna kategorija v Heglovi logiki, kar pomeni, da neka stvar obstaja; prosim, ne zamenjuj tega z obstoje\u010dim objektom. Objekt lahko v resni\u010dnosti ne obstaja, toda \u010de smo ga nekako definirali v na\u0161i logiki, potem obstaja. \u010ce se malo zamislite, je resni\u010dno nemogo\u010de dati definicijo tak\u0161nim pojmom, vsaka taka poskusna definicija se bo omejila na omenjanje njegovih sinonimov ali antonimov. <em>\u010distega bitja<\/em> je tako abstraktna kategorija, da se lahko uporablja povsem za karkoli, vklju\u010dno s samim seboj. V nekaterih objektno usmerjenih jezikih je mogo\u010de predstaviti kot objekt vse, kar koli, vklju\u010dno s operacijami nad objekti, kar v bistvu daje tak\u0161no raven abstrakcije. Vendar pa v programiranju ni neposrednega analoga <em>\u010cisto bitje<\/em> \u010distega bitja <em>Niti. Da bi preverili obstoj objekta, moramo preveriti njegovo odsotnost.<\/em> if(obj != null);<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">Zanimivo je, da takega sintakti\u010dnega sladkosti \u0161e ni, \u010de upo\u0161tevamo, da je ta preveritev precej priljubljena.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ni\u010d<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nichto\">Kako bi lahko uganili<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ni\u010d <em>je odsotnost \u010desarkoli. Njegov analog je mogo\u010de ozna\u010diti z NULL. Pomembno je omeniti, da v znanstveni logiki<\/em> je \u010disto bitje <em>je odsotnost \u010desarkoli. Njegov analog je mogo\u010de ozna\u010diti z NULL. Pomembno je omeniti, da v znanstveni logiki<\/em> je <em>, ker tudi to obstaja. V tem je neka zanka, saj se na NULL ne moremo obrniti kot na objekt v nobenem jeziku, \u010deprav pravzaprav tudi on je objekt.<\/em>Postajanje in trenutki<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"stanovlenie-i-momenty\">Postajanje<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>\u2014 to je prehod od<\/em> bitja <em>je odsotnost \u010desarkoli. Njegov analog je mogo\u010de ozna\u010diti z NULL. Pomembno je omeniti, da v znanstveni logiki<\/em> u <em>bitju<\/em> in od <em>. To nam daje dva<\/em> u <em>je odsotnost \u010desarkoli. Njegov analog je mogo\u010de ozna\u010diti z NULL. Pomembno je omeniti, da v znanstveni logiki<\/em>trenutka <em>, prvi se imenuje<\/em>pojavitev <em>, drugi pa<\/em>prehod <em>Prehod<\/em>. <em>je poimenovan tako namesto izginotja, ker logi\u010dna entiteta v bistvu ne more izginiti, lahko le, \u010de smo jo pozabili.<\/em> Odmik <em>kot tak\u0161no lahko imenujemo postopek dodeljevanja. V primeru, da se inicializira objekt,<\/em> dogaja. <em>trenutak nastanka<\/em>, a u slu\u010daju dodeljivanja druge vrednosti ili NULL <em>trenutak prolaza<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">obj = new object(); \/\/nastanak\nobj = null; \/\/prolaz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nalichnoe-bytie\">Postoje\u0107e bi\u0107e<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ukratko <em>postoje\u0107e bi\u0107e<\/em> \u2014 to je objekat koji nema jasnu definiciju, ali ima <em>odre\u0111enost<\/em>. Kaj to pomeni. Kanoni\u010den primer je obi\u010dajna stolica. \u010ce poskusite dati jasen opis, se boste sre\u010dali z mnogimi te\u017eavami. Na primer, lahko re\u010dete: \u201eto je kos pohi\u0161tva namenjen sedenju\u201c, vendar je fotelj prav tako ustvarjen za to itd. Toda pomanjkanje jasne definicije nam ne prepre\u010duje, da ga prepoznamo v prostoru in ga uporabimo pri prenosu informacij o njem, to je zato, ker imamo v na\u0161ih glavah <em>odre\u0111enost<\/em> stolice. Verovatno su neki ve\u0107 pogodili da su za izdvajanje takvih objekata iz toka podataka stvorene neuronske mre\u017ee. Neuronska mre\u017ea se mo\u017ee ozna\u010diti kao funkcija koja defini\u0161e ovo <em>odre\u0111enost<\/em>, ali vrste objekata koje bi uklju\u010divale jasne i nejasne definicije ne postoje, pa se takvi objekti ne mogu koristiti na istom nivou apstrakcije.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"zakon-perehoda-kolichestvennyh-izmeneniy-v-kachestvennye\">Zakon prelaska kvantitativnih promena u kvalitativne<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ovaj zakon je formulisao Friedrich Engels kao rezultat interpretacije Hegelove logike. Me\u0111utim, mo\u017ee se sasvim jasno uo\u010diti u prvom delu u poglavlju o <em>meri<\/em>. Njegova su\u0161tina le\u017ei u tome da <em>kvantitativne<\/em> promene u objektu mogu uticati na njegovu <em>kvalitet<\/em>. Na primer, imamo objekat led, pri akumulaciji temperature pretvara\u0107e se u te\u010dnost i promeni\u0107e svoje <em>kvalitete<\/em>. Za uresni\u010ditev takega vedenja v objektu obstaja oblikovni vzorec \u201eStanje\u201c. Pojav te re\u0161itve je bil povzro\u010dena zaradi pomanjkanja v programiranju tak\u0161ne stvari kot <em>osnova<\/em> za <em>nastanka<\/em> objekta. <em>Osnovanje<\/em> defini\u0161e uslove pod kojima objekat mo\u017ee nastati, a u algoritmu sami odlu\u010dujemo u kom trenutku treba da inicijalizujemo objekat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>PS:<\/strong> \u010ce bo ta informacija zanimiva, bom izvedel pregled drugih entitet iz \u201eZnanosti logike\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448948\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 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