{"id":33305,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/build-share-collaborate\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:51","slug":"build-share-collaborate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/build-share-collaborate","title":{"rendered":"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kontejnerji so poenostavljena razli\u010dica uporabni\u0161kega prostora operacijskega sistema Linux \u2013 dejansko je to \"goli\" minimum. Kljub temu pa gre \u0161e vedno za polnopravni operacijski sistem, zato je kakovost tega kontejnerja prav tako pomembna kot pri celotnem operacijskem sistemu. Zato smo dolgo \u010dasa ponujali <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/containers\/\">slike Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)<\/a><\/noindex>, da bi uporabniki imeli certificirane, sodobne in aktualne kontejnerje podjetni\u0161ke ravni. Zagon <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.redhat.com\/blog\/2018\/02\/22\/container-terminology-practical-introduction\/#h.dqlu6589ootw\">kontejnerskih slik<\/a><\/noindex> (container images) RHEL na kontejnerskih gostiteljih (container hosts) RHEL zagotavlja zdru\u017eljivost in prenosljivost med okolji, da ne govorimo o tem, da gre za \u017ee znane pripomo\u010dke. Res pa je, da je obstajal en problem. Niste mogli preprosto prenesti tak\u0161ne slike nekomu drugemu, \u010detudi je \u0161lo za stranko ali partnerja, ki je uporabljal Red Hat Enterprise Linux. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2c87e29b54241ecbda00523418ccb8ea.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAmpak zdaj se je vse spremenilo. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nS sprostitvijo univerzalne slike Red Hat Universal Base Image (UBI) zdaj lahko pridobite obi\u010dajno zanesljivost, varnost in visoko zmogljivost uradnih kontejnerskih slik Red Hat, ne glede na to, ali imate naro\u010dnino ali ne. To pomeni, da lahko zgradite kontejnerizirano aplikacijo na UBI, jo nalo\u017eite v kontejnerski register po va\u0161i izbiri in jo delite s celem svetom. Red Hat Universal Base Image omogo\u010da gradnjo, deljenje in sodelovanje pri kontejnerizirani aplikaciji v katerem koli okolju \u2013 kjerkoli \u017eelite. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d06210d717e17d2732284239003445c3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zahvaljujo\u010d UBI obstaja mo\u017enost objavljanja in zagon svojih aplikacij prakti\u010dno v kateri koli infrastrukturi. Ampak, \u010de jih za\u017eenete na platformah Red Hat, kot sta Red Hat OpenShift in Red Hat Enterprise Linux, lahko pridobite dodatne prednosti (ve\u010d zlata!). In preden se podamo v podrobno razlago UBI, dovolite, da vam ponudim kratek FAQ, zakaj potrebujete RHEL Subscription. Kaj se torej zgodi, ko za\u017eenete sliko UBI na platformi RHEL\/OpenShift? <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/245ded4e0742a057d53b2b4d49902d3c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In zdaj, ko je marketing zadovoljen, se pogovorimo bolj podrobno o UBI.<\/p>\n<h3>Razlogi za uporabo UBI<\/h3>\n<p>\nKaj morate \u010dutiti, da bi razumeli, da vam bo UBI koristen: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Moji <b>razvijalci<\/b> \u017eelijo uporabljati kontejnerske slike, ki jih je mogo\u010de deliti in zagnati v katerem koli okolju <\/li>\n<li>Moja ekipa <b>operations<\/b> \u017eeli podprt osnovni slikovni vir z \u017eivljenjskim ciklom podjetni\u0161ke ravni <\/li>\n<li>Moji <b>arhitekti<\/b> \u017eelijo nuditi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/operatorhub.io\/\">Kubernetes Operator<\/a><\/noindex> mojim strankama\/krajnim korisnicima<\/li>\n<li>Moji <b>stranke<\/b> ne \u017eele zamarati podr\u0161ku na korporativnom nivou za sve svoje okru\u017eenje Red Hat <\/li>\n<li>Moje <b>zajednica<\/b> \u017eeli deliti, pokretati, objavljivati kontejnerizovane aplikacije doslovno svuda <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAko vam barem jedan od scenarija odgovara, definitivno treba obratiti pa\u017enju na UBI. <\/p>\n<h3>Vi\u0161e od samo osnovne slike <\/h3>\n<p>\nUBI je manja od pune operativne sisteme, ali UBI ima tri va\u017ene stvari: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set od tri osnovne slike (ubi, ubi-minimal, ubi-init) <\/li>\n<li>Slike sa ve\u0107 spremnim runtime okru\u017eenjima razli\u010ditih programskih jezika (nodejs, ruby, python, php, perl, itd.) <\/li>\n<li>Set povezanih paketa u YUM repozitoriju sa naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e kori\u0161\u0107enim zavisnostima <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/bbfe3101ba7ab8f4ee6006a07e464cdf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>UBI je dizajniran kao osnova za cloud-native i web aplikacije koje su razvijene i isporu\u010dene u kontejnerima. Sadr\u017eaj u UBI je podskup RHEL-a. Svi paketi u UBI dolaze preko RHEL kanala i podr\u017eavaju se poput RHEL-a na podr\u017eanim Red Hat platformama, kao \u0161to su OpenShift i RHEL. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/877ffa34cf18939faf84e376035cc9f6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Za obezbe\u0111ivanje kvalitetne podr\u0161ke kontejnerima potrebno je mnogo truda in\u017eenjera, stru\u010dnjaka za sigurnost i drugih dodatnih resursa. Potrebno je ne samo testiranje osnovnih slika, ve\u0107 i analiza njihovog pona\u0161anja na bilo kojem podr\u017eanom hostu. <\/p>\n<p>Kako bi se olak\u0161ali zadaci vezani za a\u017euriranje, Red Hat aktivno razvija razvoj i podr\u0161ku, zbog \u010dega se UBI 7 mo\u017ee pokretati, na primer, na hostovima RHEL 8, a UBI 8 \u2013 na hostovima RHEL 7. To korisnicima obezbe\u0111uje potrebnu fleksibilnost, sigurnost i mir tokom, na primer, a\u017euriranja platformi u kontejnerskim slikama ili kori\u0161\u0107enim hostovima. Sada se sve to mo\u017ee podeliti na dva samostalna projekta. <\/p>\n<h3>Tri osnovne slike<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/14c750c058706f328c58f296624499c0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<p>Minimalna \u2013 namenjena aplikacijama sa svim zavisnostima (Python, Node.js, .NET, itd.) <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimalni set unapred instaliranog sadr\u017eaja <\/li>\n<li>Bez izvr\u0161nih fajlova suid <\/li>\n<li>Minimalni alat za upravljanje paketima (instalacija, a\u017euriranje i uklanjanje) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPlatforma \u2013 za sve aplikacije koje se pokre\u0107u na RHEL-u <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unified OpenSSL cryptographic stack<\/li>\n<li>Kompletan YUM stack <\/li>\n<li>Uklju\u010deni korisni osnovni OS alati (tar, gzip, vi, itd.) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMulti-Service \u2013 olak\u0161ava pokretanje vi\u0161e servisa u jednom kontejneru <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Konfigurisano za pokretanje systemd pri startu <\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enost vklju\u010devanja storitev v fazi sestavljanja <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Kon\u010dne slike s pripravljenimi okolji za izvajanje programskih jezikov <\/h3>\n<p>\nPoleg osnovnih slik, ki omogo\u010dajo namestitev podpore programskim jeziku, UBI vklju\u010duje tudi predhodno sestavljene slike z \u017ee pripravljenimi okolji izvajanja za \u0161tevilne programske jezike. Mnogi razvijalci lahko preprosto vzamejo sliko in se lotijo dela na aplikaciji, ki jo razvijajo. <\/p>\n<p>Z za\u010detkom UBI Red Hat ponuja dva sklopa slik \u2013 na osnovi RHEL 7 in na osnovi RHEL 8. Za njiju so bili osnovni vzorci, ustrezno, Red Hat Software Collections (RHEL 7) in Application Streams (RHEL 8). Ta okolja izvajanja so vzdr\u017eevana in standardno prejemajo do \u0161tiri posodobitve na leto, kar zagotavlja, da so vam vedno na voljo najnovej\u0161e in najbolj stabilne razli\u010dice. <\/p>\n<p><b>Tukaj je seznam kon\u010dnih slik UBI 7:<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/996418541dce083453eb25ef28abc5eb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Tukaj je seznam kon\u010dnih slik za UBI 8:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/48726f993bb541f60b8df2e62215b8b2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Povezani paketi <\/h3>\n<p>\nUporaba pripravljenih slik je v resnici zelo priro\u010dna. Red Hat jih vzdr\u017euje posodobljene in jih obnavlja ob izidu nove razli\u010dice RHEL ter ob pojavu kriti\u010dnih posodobitev CVE v skladu s politiko posodobitev. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/articles\/2208321\">Politika slik RHEL<\/a><\/noindex> da lahko vzamete eno od teh slik in takoj za\u010dnete delati na aplikaciji. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/16aaf2f54379d5d3f48e00108f02e61e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vendar pa se morda pri ustvarjanju aplikacije nenadoma pojavi potreba po dodatnem paketu. Ali pa v\u010dasih, da aplikacija deluje, potrebujete posodobitev nekega paketa. Zato slike UBI vsebujejo nabor RPM-jev, ki so na voljo prek yum in se distribuirajo preko hitre in visoko dostopne mre\u017ee za dostavo vsebine (vas paket!). Ko izvedete yum-posodobitev na va\u0161em CI \/ CD v tistem kriti\u010dnem trenutku izdaje, ste lahko prepri\u010dani \u2013 delovalo bo.<\/p>\n<h3>RHEL \u2013 to je osnova<\/h3>\n<p>\nNikoli se ne naveli\u010damo ponavljati, da je RHEL osnova vsega. Veste, katere ekipe pri Red Hatu delajo na ustvarjanju osnovnih slik? Na primer te?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In\u017eenirska skupina, odgovorna za zagotavljanje stabilne zmogljivosti osnovnih knji\u017enic, kot sta glibc in OpenSSL, ter jezikovnih okolij, kot sta Python in Ruby, ter zagotavljanje zanesljivega delovanja s delovnimi obremenitvami pri uporabi v kontejnerjih. <\/li>\n<li>Skupina za sigurnost proizvoda bavi se pravovremenim ispravljanjem gre\u0161aka i sigurnosnih problema u bibliotekama i programskim okru\u017eenjima, a u\u010dinkovitost njihova rada ocjenjuje se pomo\u0107u posebnog indeksa. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/articles\/2803031\">Ocjena Container Health Index<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/li>\n<li>Tim menad\u017eera proizvoda i in\u017eenjera dodaje nove funkcije i osigurava dug \u017eivotni ciklus proizvoda, \u0161to daje sigurnost u ulo\u017eene investicije koje \u0107e se mo\u0107i koristiti kao osnova. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux se pokazuje kao odli\u010dan host i slika za kontejnere, ali mnogim developerima je va\u017ena mogu\u0107nost rada s sistemom u razli\u010ditim formatima, od kojih neki mogu nadma\u0161iti podr\u017eane scenarije kori\u0161tenja Linux sistema. I tu dolaze univerzalne slike UBI na pomo\u0107. <\/p>\n<p>Pretpostavimo da trenutno tra\u017eite osnovnu sliku kako biste zapo\u010deli rad na jednostavnom kontejneriziranom aplikaciji. Ili ste bli\u017ee budu\u0107nosti i prelazite s autonomnih kontejnera koji rade na engine-u kontejnera na cloud-native pristup koriste\u0107i operatore (izgradnja i certifikacija Operatora) koji rade na OpenShiftu. U svakom slu\u010daju, UBI \u0107e osigurati odli\u010dnu osnovu za to. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/e40393e4d9cedcc769ebd0c593d997cc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kontejneri uklju\u010duju pojednostavljenu verziju korisni\u010dkog prostora operativnog sistema u novom formatu pakiranja. Izdanje slika UBI postavlja novi industrijski standard za kontejnerizirani razvoj, dok kontejneri korporativne klase postaju dostupni svim korisnicima, neovisnim developerima softvera i open source zajednici. Konkretno, developeri softvera mogu standardizirati svoje proizvode koriste\u0107i jedinstvenu, provjerenu osnovu za sve svoje kontejnerizirane aplikacije, uklju\u010duju\u0107i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/operatorhub.io\/\">Kubernetes Operators<\/a><\/noindex>. Razvijateljskim kompanijama koje koriste UBI tako\u0111er su dostupne certifikacija Red Hat Container Certification i Red Hat OpenShift Operator Certification, \u0161to zauzvrat omogu\u0107ava kontinuiranu verifikaciju softvera koji se pokre\u0107e na platformama Red Hat, kao \u0161to je OpenShift. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zgradi, deli, sodeluj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/e2351cfad639b2f7d98b6bc9cecc41c6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Kako zapo\u010deti rad s slikom <\/h3>\n<p>\nUkratko \u2013 vrlo jednostavno. Podman nije dostupan samo u RHEL-u, ve\u0107 i u Fedori, CentOS-u i niz drugih Linux distribucija. Sve \u0161to trebate u\u010diniti je preuzeti sliku iz jednog od sljede\u0107ih repozitorija i naprijed. <\/p>\n<p>Za UBI 8: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">podman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi8\/ubi\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi8\/ubi-minimal\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi8\/ubi-init\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZa UBI 7: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">podman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi7\/ubi\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi7\/ubi-minimal\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi7\/ubi-init\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPreverite celoten Universal Base Image Guide <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/building_running_and_managing_containers\/index?lb_target=stage#using_red_hat_universal_base_images_standard_minimal_and_runtimes\">RHEL 8 Kako<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux_atomic_host\/7\/html-single\/getting_started_with_containers\/index#using_red_hat_universal_base_images_standard_minimal_and_runtimes\">RHEL 7 Kako<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/redhatrussia\/blog\/451090\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux \u2013 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 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