{"id":33590,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pochta-na-malinke\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:36","slug":"pochta-na-malinke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pochta-na-malinke","title":{"rendered":"Po\u0161ta na 'malinki'","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na\u010drtovanje<\/h3>\n

\nE-po\u0161ta, e-po\u0161ta\u2026 \u201eTrenutno lahko vsak za\u010detnik odpre svojo brezpla\u010dno elektronsko po\u0161tno omre\u017eje, dovolj je, da se registrira na enem od internetnih portalov,\u201c trdi Wikipedia. Tako je zagon svojega po\u0161tnega stre\u017enika nekoliko nenavaden. Kljub temu ne ob\u017ealujem meseca, porabljenega za to, od dneva namestitve operacijskega sistema do dneva, ko sem poslal prvo pismo prejemniku na internetu.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSicer pa lahko ob stran z \u201emalinami\u201c postavimo tudi iptv-receiverje ter \u201eenotne ra\u010dunalnike na osnovi procesorja Baikal-T1\u201c, pa tudi Cubieboard, Banana Pi in druga naprave z ARM-mikroprocesorji. \u201eMalina\u201c je bila izbrana kot najbolj ogla\u0161evana razli\u010dica. Da bi na\u0161el kakr\u0161nokoli uporabno uporabo za ta \u201eenotni ra\u010dunalnik\u201c, mi je vzelo ve\u010d mesecev. Nazadnje sem se odlo\u010dil, da na njem zagnati po\u0161tni stre\u017enik, potem ko sem pred kratkim prebral en znanstvenofantasti\u010dni roman o virtualni resni\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo je \u010dudovita vizija prihodnosti Omre\u017eja,\u201c poro\u010da o tem Wikipedia. Od prve objave je minilo 20 let. Prihodnost je pri\u0161la. Vendar se mi zdi, da ni \u010dudovita brez sedem tiso\u010d naro\u010dnikov, deset tiso\u010d rubljev \u201emese\u010dnega prihodka moje strani\u201c itd. Kar verjetno me je tudi usmerilo k \u201edecentraliziranim dru\u017ebenim omre\u017ejem\u201c s \u201eskromnim \u0161tevilom lajkov pod njihovimi (novimi uporabniki \u2013 N.M.) objavami\u201c, registraciji domene in zagonu svojega stre\u017enika.<\/p>\n

V zakonih se ne spoznam. Edino sporo\u010dilo na mobilni telefon mi je pri\u0161lo o potrebi po potrditvi osebnih podatkov v povezavi z uveljavitvijo sprememb k zveznemu zakonu 126-FZ, tak\u0161en zakon poznam.<\/p>\n

In tukaj se je izkazalo, da teh zakonov ni malo, prav toliko kot \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432 po de\u017eju. \u010ce bi \u0161e naprej uporabljal brezpla\u010dno e-po\u0161to \u2014 verjetno ne bi niti izvedel.<\/p>\n

\u201eIn kdo sva zdaj midva?\u201c<\/b><\/p>\n

Prvi\u010d, organizator storitve elektronske po\u0161te v zakonu preprosto ne obstaja. Obstaja \u201eorganizator storitve menjave neposrednih sporo\u010dil\u201c, vendar to ni ravno isto. Dopolnitev \u201eza osebne, dru\u017einske in doma\u010de potrebe\u201c seveda odstrani vse zakonske obveznosti tega organizatorja, vendar vseeno ne iz organizatorja, kot bi moral.<\/p>\n

I have a guide to Ubuntu Server along with the law, and I suspect that besides chats with instant messaging, email services (which is obvious) and file servers (which is not so obvious) are intended for the reception, transmission, delivery, and (or) processing of electronic messages from Internet users.<\/p>\n

Razvoj<\/h3>\n

\nCompared to other local articles with the hashtag postfix, my creation is certainly quite primitive. There is no user authentication, no databases, and no users tied to local accounts (the first and third are available in the 'minimal mail server'; databases are practically everywhere, just like dovecot).<\/p>\n

\"Setting up a mail system, in my view, is the most difficult task in system administration,\" wrote one user on Habr very well. Following along with PostfixBasicSetupHowto<\/a><\/noindex> (from help.ubuntu.com<\/a><\/noindex>), I nevertheless skipped the parts about the alias database, .forward files, and virtual aliases.<\/p>\n

However, for ssl\/tls, I took 12 configuration lines plus 9 bash command lines for creating certificates from dedicated Postfix \u010dlanka<\/a><\/noindex> on the CommunityHelpWiki (on the same domain help.ubuntu.com<\/a><\/noindex>) (the question is whether this ssl\/tls actually works). Additionally, I needed the firewall in the provider's personal account, nat on the router (I postponed the MikroTik configuration as much as possible; I sent emails by connecting the mail server directly to the internet provider's cable running into the apartment), the commands mail, mailq, postsuper -d identifier, the file \/var\/log\/mail.log, the always_add_missing_headers parameter, information about the ptr record, and finally, the site mail-tester.com (with a ridiculously designed interface), which is not mentioned in 'mail' articles on Habr, as if it goes without saying.<\/p>\n

\"Po\u0161ta
\nBefore correcting the myhostname parameter value in the \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf file<\/i><\/p>\n

\"Po\u0161ta
\nAfter correcting the myhostname parameter value in the \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf file<\/i><\/p>\n

The first email from the technical support service of the internet provider taught me that I shouldn't open emails using the console program mail so that I could open and read them later with a familiar mail client. Apparently, this is also not a problem 'for novice admins'.<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 (\u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c \u0441 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0433\u043e\u043c postfix) \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u00ab\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u0414\u00bb, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b: \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (selinux\/apparmor), \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c-\u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b…\u00bb, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 iRedmail\u00bb. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e IPv6.<\/p>\n

Spletni po\u0161tni servisi niso sferi\u010dni konji v vakuumu, temve\u010d del celote \u2014 od izbire ra\u010dunalnika in domenske imenske do nastavitve usmerjevalnika \u2014 kar ne more pokriti noben priro\u010dnik za nastavitev po\u0161tnega stre\u017enika (in v katerem verjetno nikoli ne boste prebrali mati\u010dnega dela \u2014 Postfix SMTP posrednik in nadzor dostopa<\/a><\/noindex>, je na uradni spletni strani Postfix).<\/p>\n

O Mikrotiku \u2014 to je povsem druga\u010dna pesem.<\/p>\n

Tako, to je to. Elektronska po\u0161ta je prenehala biti niz ukazov v konzoli, konfiguracijskih datotek (vklju\u010dno z nastavitvijo dns), dnevnikov, dokumentacije, hex \u0161tevil namesto ruskih \u010drk (po tabeli znakov koi8-r) v prejetem sporo\u010dilu in ostala je obi\u010dajen po\u0161tni odjemalec z njegovimi protokoli imap, pop3, smtp, ra\u010duni, prejetimi in poslanimi sporo\u010dili.<\/p>\n

Na splo\u0161no, na zunaj enako tistemu, kar predstavlja elektronska po\u0161ta pri uporabi brezpla\u010dnih storitev elektronske po\u0161te najve\u010djih IT podjetij.<\/p>\n

\u010ceprav brez spletnega vmesnika.<\/p>\n

Obratovanje<\/h3>\n

\nKljub vsemu se od gledanja dnevnikov ne moremo izogniti!<\/p>\n

Hitro sporo\u010dam tistim, ki so pri\u010dakovali, da bodo tukaj brali o dark netu. Kajti druga\u010de ne morem imenovati tistega, s \u010dimer je bil napolnjen po\u0161tni dnevnik novonastalega stre\u017enika, natan\u010dneje v dveh dneh (po neposredni povezavi) s sporo\u010dili o poskusih povezave preko pop3 pod razli\u010dnimi imeni z dveh ip naslovov (sprva sem po zmoti mislil, da stre\u017enik ob\u010dasno posku\u0161a poslati dve sporo\u010dili iz \u010dakalne vrste, kar pa ni zame predvidevalo, da bi moja po\u0161ta lahko zanimala kogarkoli drugega iz interneta).<\/p>\n

Poskusi niso prenehali niti potem, ko sem povezoval stre\u017enik preko usmerjevalnika. Dana\u0161nji logi so polni povezav preko smtp z enakega zame neznanega ip-naslova. Kljub temu sem dovolj samozavesten, da proti temu ne ukrepam: upam, da tudi v primeru pravilnega izbora uporabni\u0161kega imena za prejemanje e-po\u0161te napadalec ne bo uspel uganiti gesla. Prepri\u010dan sem, da mnogi to \u0161tejejo za nevarno, prav tako kot pri dana\u0161njih napadih, zana\u0161ati se zgolj na nastavitve SMTP in upravljanje dostopa v \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf.<\/p>\n

In raznesejo bodo za\u0161\u010dito moje po\u0161te na ko\u0161\u010dke.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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