{"id":33901,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/cloudflare-mozilla-i-facebook-razvivayut-binaryast-dlya-uskoreniya-zagruzki-javascript\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:19","slug":"cloudflare-mozilla-i-facebook-razvivayut-binaryast-dlya-uskoreniya-zagruzki-javascript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/cloudflare-mozilla-i-facebook-razvivayut-binaryast-dlya-uskoreniya-zagruzki-javascript","title":{"rendered":"Cloudflare, Mozilla i Facebook razvijaju BinaryAST za ubrzanje u\u010ditavanja JavaScript-a","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

In\u017eenirji iz podjetij Cloudflare, Mozilla, Facebook in Bloomberg so predlagali<\/a><\/noindex> nov format BinaryAST<\/a><\/noindex> za pospe\u0161itev dostave in obdelave JavaScript kode pri odpiranju spletnih strani v brskalniku. BinaryAST premakne fazo sintakti\u010dne analize na stre\u017enik in dostavi \u017ee oblikovano abstraktno sintakti\u010dno drevo (AST<\/a><\/noindex>). Ob prejemu BinaryAST lahko brskalnik takoj preide na fazo prevajanja, pri \u010demer izpusti analizo izvorne JavaScript kode. <\/p>\n

Za testiranje je bila pripravljena<\/a><\/noindex> referen\u010dna implementacija, izdana pod licenco MIT. Za analizo se uporabljajo komponente Node.js, koda za optimizacijo in oblikovanje AST pa je napisana v jeziku Rust. Podpora zanje v brskalnikih
\nje \u017ee na voljo v no\u010dnih razli\u010dicah<\/a><\/noindex> Firefoxu. Kodirnik v BinaryAST se lahko uporablja tako na nivoju orodij kon\u010dne strani, kot tudi za pakiranje skript zunanjih strani na strani proxy ali omre\u017eje za dostavo vsebin. Proces standardizacije BinaryAST je \u017ee pri\u017egan v delovni skupini ECMA TC39<\/a><\/noindex>, po zaklju\u010dku katere bo format lahko soexistedral s trenutnimi metodami stiskanja posredovane vsebine, kot sta gzip in brotli. <\/p>\n

\"Cloudflare,<\/a><\/noindex><\/center>
\n
\"Cloudflare,<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Zna\u010dajna koli\u010dina vremena potrebnog za obradu JavaScript-a tro\u0161i se na fazu u\u010ditavanja i sintakti\u010dkog analiziranja koda. S obzirom na to da veli\u010dina u\u010ditanog JavaScript-a na mnogim popularnim sajtovima dosti\u017ee skoro 10 MB (na primer, LinkedIn \u2014 7.2 MB, Facebook \u2014 7.1 MB, Gmail \u2014 3.9 MB), inicijalna obrada JavaScript-a donosi zna\u010dajnu ka\u0161njenje. Faza parsiranja na strani pretra\u017eiva\u010da tako\u0111e se usporava zbog nemogu\u0107nosti potpunog konstruisanja AST u hodu, dok se u\u010ditava kod (pretra\u017eiva\u010d mora \u010dekati zavr\u0161etak u\u010ditavanja blokova koda, na primer kraja funkcija, kako bi dobio nedostaju\u0107e informacije potrebne za analizu trenutnih elemenata).<\/p>\n

Delno se problem re\u0161uje z raz\u0161iritvijo kode v minimizirani in stisnjeni obliki, ter z uporabo predpomnjenja brskalnika generiranega bajtkoda. Na sodobnih spletnih straneh se koda dovolj pogosto posodablja, zato predpomnjenje le delno re\u0161uje problem. Mo\u017ena re\u0161itev bi lahko bil WebAssembly, vendar zahteva uporabo eksplicitnega tipiziranja v kodi in slabo ustreza za pospe\u0161itev obdelave \u017ee obstoje\u010de kode v JavaScriptu. <\/p>\n

Druga mo\u017enost je dostava \u017ee skompilirane bajtkode namesto JavaScript skript, vendar se razvijalci brskalnikov temu upirajo, saj je tretja bajtkoda te\u017eko preverljiva, njena neposredna obdelava lahko privede do razslojevanja spleta, pojavijo se dodatne varnostne gro\u017enje in potrebna je razvoj univerzalne bajtkodne oblike.<\/p>\n

BinaryAST omogo\u010da vklju\u010ditev v trenutni model razvoja in dostave kode brez ustvarjanja nove bajtkode in brez spremembe jezika JavaScript. Velikost podatkov v formatu BinaryAST je primerljiva s stisnjenim minificiranim JavaScript kodom, hitrost obdelave pa se zahvaljujo\u010d izklju\u010ditvi faze raz\u010dlenjevanja izvirnih besedil znatno pove\u010duje. Poleg tega format omogo\u010da izvajanje kompilacije v bajtkodo med nalaganjem BinaryAST, ne da bi bilo potrebno \u010dakati na zaklju\u010dek pridobivanja vseh podatkov. Prav tako stre\u017eni\u0161ko raz\u010dlenjevanje omogo\u010da, da se iz danega prikaza BinaryAST izklju\u010dijo neoprijemljive funkcije in odve\u010dna koda, na katero se pri raz\u010dlenjevanju v brskalniku porabi \u010das tako za analizo kot za prenos odve\u010dnega prometa.<\/p>\n

Zna\u010dilnost BinaryAST je tudi mo\u017enost obnove berljivega JavaScript-a, ki se ne ujema natan\u010dno z izvirno razli\u010dico, ampak je semanti\u010dno ekvivalenten in vklju\u010duje ista imena spremenljivk in funkcij (BinaryAST ohranja imena, vendar ne ohranja informacij o pozicijah v kodi, oblikovanju in komentarjih). Slaba stran tega je pojav novih vektorjev za napade, vendar so po mnenju razvijalcev ti precej manj\u0161i in bolj obvladljivi kot pri uporabi alternativ, kot je \u0161irjenje bajtkode.<\/p>\n

Testi kode facebook.com so pokazali, da raz\u010dlenjevanje JavaScript-a porabi 10-15% CPU virov in da raz\u010dlenjevanje vzame ve\u010d \u010dasa kot generiranje bajtkode in za\u010detno oblikovanje kode za JIT. V motorju SpiderMonkey celoten \u010das izdelave AST traja 500-800 ms, uporaba BinaryAST pa je omogo\u010dila zmanj\u0161anje te vrednosti za 70-90%.
\nNa splo\u0161no za ve\u010dino spletnih okvirjev se pri uporabi BinaryAST \u010das raz\u010dlenjevanja JavaScript-a skraj\u0161a za 3-10% v na\u010dinu brez optimizacije in za 90-97% pri vklopu na\u010dina ignoriranja neoprijemljivih funkcij.
\nPri izvajanju testnega JavaScript niza, velikosti 1,2 MB, je uporaba BinaryAST omogo\u010dila skraj\u0161anje \u010dasa za zagon z 338 na 314 ms na namiznem sistemu (Intel i7) in z 2019 na 1455 ms na mobilni napravi (HTC One M8).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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