{"id":34183,"date":"2019-10-31T21:56:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/smpp-odnorangovyj-protokol-korotkih-soobshhenij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:56:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:56:52","slug":"smpp-odnorangovyj-protokol-korotkih-soobshhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/smpp-odnorangovyj-protokol-korotkih-soobshhenij","title":{"rendered":"SMPP \u2014 protokol kratkih sporo\u010dil","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pozdrav! \u010ceprav sporo\u010dilniki in dru\u017ebena omre\u017eja s vsakim dnem preplavljajo tradicionalne na\u010dine komunikacije, to ne zmanj\u0161uje priljubljenosti SMS-ov. Preverjanje na priljubljeni spletni strani ali obvestilo o transakciji ju ponavljajo v \u017eivo in bosta \u017eivela. Ste se kdaj spra\u0161evali, kako to deluje? Za mno\u017ei\u010dno po\u0161iljanje sporo\u010dil se zelo pogosto uporablja protokol SMPP, o katerem bo govora spodaj.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNa Habrju so \u017ee bile objavljene \u010dlanke o SMPP, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/267991\">1<\/a><\/noindex>,<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/129150\">2<\/a><\/noindex>, vendar njihov cilj ni bil opisati samega protokola. Seveda lahko takoj za\u010dnete z izvirnikom \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sms-assistent.by\/upload\/files\/SMPP-v3.4.rus.pdf\">specifikacije<\/a><\/noindex>, vendar mislim, da bi bilo dobro imeti tudi kratko vsebino. Razlagal bom na primeru v3.4. Veselim se va\u0161e objektivne kritike.<\/p>\n<p>Protokol SMPP je protokol za enakovredne sporo\u010dilne storitve. To pomeni, da sta vsak peer\/hub stre\u017enik enakovredna. V najpreprostej\u0161em primeru shema izmenjave SMS sporo\u010dil izgleda tako:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 protokol kratkih sporo\u010dil\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/aa25cfec4b0dad8ba0084e4ce794ad12.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVendar, \u010de nacionalni operater nima povezav v oddaljeno regijo, prosi posrednika \u2014 SMS hub. V\u010dasih, da po\u0161ljete eno SMS, morate zgraditi verigo med ve\u010d dr\u017eavami ali celo kontinenti.<\/p>\n<h4>O protokolu<\/h4>\n<p>\nSMPP je protokol aplikacijske ravni, ki temelji na izmenjavi PDU in se prena\u0161a prek TCP\/IP ali X25 sej za prenos SMS in USSD sporo\u010dil. Obi\u010dajno se SMPP uporablja v na\u010dinu stalne povezave, kar prihrani \u010das. SMPP uporablja model komunikacije odjemalec \u2014 stre\u017enik.<\/p>\n<h4>Na\u010din povezovanja<\/h4>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 protokol kratkih sporo\u010dil\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5c7ce6970df1425bf52a4486e7a8ba5c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nIzmenjava sporo\u010dil med po\u0161iljateljem in SMS centrom prek SMPP se lahko izvaja v naslednjih na\u010dinih:<\/p>\n<p>Transmitter (predajnik) \u2014 ena stran, po vrsti po\u0161iljanje sporo\u010dila<br \/>\nReceiver (sprejemnik) \u2014 samo sprejemanje sporo\u010dila od SMS centra. <br \/>\nTransreceiver (sprejemno-predajnik) \u2014 izmenjava sporo\u010dil med SMS centrom in uporabnikom<\/p>\n<h3>Struktura<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 protokol kratkih sporo\u010dil\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/540b6bd37d65d116067957a8f01c848e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Dol\u017eina sporo\u010dila<\/h3>\n<p>\nEno SMS sporo\u010dilo lahko vsebuje 70 znakov pri vnosu cyrilice in najve\u010d 157 latini\u010dnih znakov + 3 UDH. \u010ce po\u0161ljete SMS z ve\u010d znaki, bo razdeljeno na ve\u010d segmentov in zdru\u017eene v sprejemni napravi. V primeru segmentacije se \u0161tevilo znakov zmanj\u0161a zaradi naslovov sporo\u010dil, v katerih je navedena del sporo\u010dila. Zato pri po\u0161iljanju velikega SMS sporo\u010dila vsebuje najve\u010d 153 latini\u010dnih znakov ali 67 nekonvencionalnih znakov.<\/p>\n<h3>Shema kodiranja podatkov<\/h3>\n<p>\nVendar pa za prenos sporo\u010dila znaki zahtevajo kodiranje. V protokolu SMPP je za kodiranje odgovorno posebno polje \u2014 Data Coding Scheme, ali DCS. To polje dolo\u010da, kako je treba prepoznati sporo\u010dila. Poleg tega polje DCS vklju\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nabor znakov, ki dolo\u010da kodiranje; <\/li>\n<li>razred sporo\u010dila; <\/li>\n<li>zahtevo za samodejno brisanje po branju; <\/li>\n<li>navodilo za stiskanje sporo\u010dila;<\/li>\n<li>jezik \u0161irokopasovnega sporo\u010dila; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nStandardni 7-bitni abecednik (GSM 03.38). Razvili so ga za sistem sporo\u010danja v GSM. Tak\u0161no kodiranje je primerno za angle\u0161\u010dino in nekatere druge latin\u0161\u010dine. Vsak znak je sestavljen iz 7 bitov in je kodiran v oktet.<\/p>\n<p>UTF-16 (v GSM UCS2) Za vklju\u010ditev manjkajo\u010dih znakov iz 7-bitnega abecednika je bila razvita kodiranje UTF-16, ki dodaja dodatne znake (vklju\u010dno s cirilico) s tem, da se velikost sporo\u010dila zmanj\u0161a s 160 na 70; ta tip kodiranja skoraj v celoti ponavlja Unicode.<\/p>\n<p>8-bitni podatki, ki jih dolo\u010di uporabnik. Sem spadajo KOI8-R in Windows-1251. \u010ceprav se to zdi ekonomi\u010dnej\u0161a re\u0161itev v primerjavi z UTF-16, se postavlja razumljivo vpra\u0161anje zdru\u017eljivosti na razli\u010dnih napravah. Ker morata biti v tem primeru obe napravi vnaprej nastavljeni.<\/p>\n<h3>Razred sporo\u010dila <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Class0, ali flash, sporo\u010dilo, ki se shrani v spomin telefona na \u017eeljo uporabnika; <\/li>\n<li>Class1, ali tisti, ki se shranijo v spomin telefona; <\/li>\n<li>Class1, ali tisti, ki se shranijo v spomin telefona; <\/li>\n<li>Class2, ki mora zagotoviti, da se sporo\u010dilo shrani v spomin mobilnega terminala, sicer mora sporo\u010diti SMS centru, da shranjevanje ni mogo\u010de; <\/li>\n<li>Class3 \u2014 v tem primeru mora telefon poslati obvestilo, da se sporo\u010dilo lahko shrani, ne glede na koli\u010dino pomnilnika v napravi. Ta tip sporo\u010dila predpostavlja, da je sporo\u010dilo doseglo prejemnika;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Tip sporo\u010dila<\/h3>\n<p>\nSilent message (SMS0) Tip SMS sporo\u010dila brez vsebine. Tak\u0161no SMS sporo\u010dilo pride brez obvestila in se ne prika\u017ee na zaslonu naprave.<\/p>\n<h3>PDU<\/h3>\n<p>\nVsaka pdu operacija je parna in sestavljena iz zahteve in odgovora. Na primer: ukaz, ki govori o vzpostavitvi povezave (bind_transmitter \/ bind_transmitter_resp), ali o tem, da je sporo\u010dilo posredovano (deliver_sm \/ deliver_sm_resp)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 protokol kratkih sporo\u010dil\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d8991ff61938fb3409cbde575bf2ba53.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVsak PDU paket je sestavljen iz dveh delov - glave (header) in telesa (body). Struktura glave je enaka za vsak PDU paket: dol\u017eina ukaza je dol\u017eina paketa, ID je ime paketa, ukaz status pa poka\u017ee, ali je bilo sporo\u010dilo uspe\u0161no poslano ali je pri\u0161lo do napake.<\/p>\n<h3>Dodatni parametri TLV<\/h3>\n<p>\nTLV (Tag Length Value), oziroma dodatna polja. Tak\u0161ni parametri se uporabljajo za \u0161iritev funkcij protokola in niso obvezni. To polje se navede na koncu polja PDU. Na primer, z uporabo TLV dest_addr_np_information lahko organizirate prenos informacij o prenosljivosti \u0161tevilke.<\/p>\n<h3>Ton in Npi<\/h3>\n<p>\nTON (Type of Number) parameter sporo\u010da SMSC o formatu naslovitve in tipu omre\u017eja.<br \/>\nNPI (Numbering Plan Identification) parameter, ki navaja natan\u010den na\u010drt \u0161tevil\u010denja.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 protokol kratkih sporo\u010dil\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/64e92c1c1563577b7d848a39c468f452.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Naslov po\u0161iljatelja sporo\u010dila ali alfa ime<\/h3>\n<p>\nSporo\u010dila, poslana na telefon, so dveh vrst: digitalna in \u010drkovna. Digitalna so lahko dolga (podobna telefonski \u0161tevilki) in kratka. V\u010dasih imajo operaterji omejitve za po\u0161iljanje z nevtralnimi imeni, kot so Infosms, Alert itd. V\u010dasih operaterji ne dovolijo prometa, \u010de ime ni registrirano v njihovem omre\u017eju. Vendar gre bolj za zna\u010dilnosti operaterja.<\/p>\n<h3>Faze po\u0161iljanja<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 protokol kratkih sporo\u010dil\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5bf216e1383dfd923595c0e9ff5adcde.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SMS-SUBMIT<\/b> \u2014 to je po\u0161iljanje MO FSM (kratko sporo\u010dilo z mobilnega terminala)<br \/>\n<b>SMS-SUBMIT REPORT<\/b> \u2014 potrditev, da je bilo sporo\u010dilo poslano SMSC<br \/>\n<b>SRI SM<\/b> (SendRoutingInfo) \u2014 SMSC pridobi informacije od HLR o MSC\/VLR lokaciji naro\u010dnika<br \/>\n<b>SRI SM RESP<\/b> \u2014 odgovor od HLR o lokaciji naro\u010dnika<br \/>\n<b>MT-FSM<\/b> \u2014 po pridobitvi lokacije se sporo\u010dilo po\u0161lje z uporabo operacije 'Forward Short Message'<br \/>\n<b>MT-FSM ACK<\/b> \u2014 odgovor od SMSC, da je bilo sporo\u010dilo poslano<br \/>\n<b>SMS-STATUS REPORT<\/b> \u2014 SMSC po\u0161ilja status o dostavi sporo\u010dila.<\/p>\n<h3>Status dostave sporo\u010dila<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>SMS-STATUS REPORT<\/b> lahko ima ve\u010d vrednosti:<br \/>\n<b>DELIVRD<\/b> sporo\u010dilo je bilo uspe\u0161no dostavljeno<br \/>\n<b>REJECTD<\/b> \u2014 sporo\u010dilo je zavrnil SMS-center<br \/>\n<b>EXPIRED<\/b> \u2014 sporo\u010dilo je bilo odstranjeno iz po\u0161iljanja po poteku TTL (\u010das \u017eivljenja sporo\u010dila)<br \/>\n<b>UNDELIV<\/b> \u2014 drugi primeri nedostave<br \/>\n<b>UNKNOWN<\/b>- ni prejetega odgovora o po\u0161iljanju.<\/p>\n<h3>Napake pri prenosu<\/h3>\n<p>\nV\u010dasih so razlogi, zaradi katerih SMS sporo\u010dila niso dostavljena naro\u010dniku. Posledica teh razlogov so napake. Napake se vrnejo v PDUs_sms_resp. Vse napake lahko razdelimo na za\u010dasne (Temporary) in trajne (Permanent). <\/p>\n<p>Kot primer, za\u010dasni lahko vklju\u010dujejo absent_subscriber uporabnik ni na voljo ali ni v omre\u017eju, medtem ko trajni vklju\u010dujejo \u2014 uporabnik ne obstaja. Odvisno od napak, ki se pojavijo, se oblikuje politika ponovnega po\u0161iljanja teh sporo\u010dil. <\/p>\n<p>Na primer, \u010de je uporabnik bil zaposlen v pogovoru in je prejel napako MT handset is busy, je mo\u017eno sporo\u010dilo ponovno poslati \u010dez nekaj minut, vendar, \u010de je uporabniku blokirana storitev prejemanja sporo\u010dil, ponovna po\u0161iljanja ne bo imela smisla. Seznam napak boste na\u0161li na straneh SMSC, na primer, kot <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.world-text.com\/docs\/msgerrors.php\">ta<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/452842\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u0441. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0410 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442? \u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b SMPP, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25790,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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