{"id":34324,"date":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","slug":"namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","title":{"rendered":"Napovedana velika \u010di\u0161\u010denja standardne knji\u017enice Python","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Razvijalci projekta Python sta objavili<\/a><\/noindex> predlog (PEP 594) za izvedbo pomembnega \u010di\u0161\u010denja standardne knji\u017enice. Predlagano je odstraniti iz standardne knji\u017enice Python tako o\u010ditno zastarele in ozko specializirane funkcije kot tudi komponente, ki imajo arhitekturne te\u017eave in jih ni mogo\u010de poenotiti za vse platforme. <\/p>\n

Na primer, iz standardne knji\u017enice se predlaga odstranitev takih modulov, kot so crypt (nedostopnost za Windows in odvisnost od sistemskih knji\u017enic za dostopnost algoritmov za hashranje), cgi (neoptimalna arhitektura, zahteva zagon novega procesa za vsak zahtevek), imp (priporo\u010deno je uporabljati importlib), pipes (priporo\u010deno je uporabljati modul subprocess), nis (priporo\u010deno je uporabljati NSS, LDAP ali Kerberos\/GSSAPI), spwd (ni priporo\u010dljivo neposredno delati z bazo podatkov uporabni\u0161kih ra\u010dunov). Za odstranitev so prav tako ozna\u010deni moduli binhex, uu, xdrlib,
\n aifc,
\n audioop,
\n chunk,
\n imghdr,
\n ossaudiodev,
\n sndhdr,
\n sunau,
\n asynchat,
\n asyncore,
\n cgitb,
\n smtpd,
\n nntplib, macpath,
\n formatter, msilib in parser.<\/p>\n

V skladu s predlaganim na\u010drtom naj bi bila v Pythonu 3.8 zgoraj omenjena modula ozna\u010dena kot zastarela, v Pythonu 3.8 za\u010deti izdajati opozorilo, v Pythonu 3.10 pa ju odstraniti iz repozitorijev CPython.
\n Modul parser naj bi bil odstranjen v razli\u010dici 3.9, saj je bil ozna\u010den kot zastarel \u017ee v izdaji Python 2.5, modul macpath pa v veji 3.8. Po odstranitvi iz osnovne zasedbe bo koda preseljena v lo\u010den repozitorij legacylib, \u010digar usoda bo odvisna od zanimanja predstavnikov skupnosti. O\u010dekuje se, da bo veja Python 3.9 podprta do leta 2026, kar bo omogo\u010dilo dovolj \u010dasa za prehod projektov na zunanje alternative.<\/p>\n

Sprva so bili za odstranitev prav tako predlagani moduli ftplib, optparse, getopt, colorsys, fileinput, lib2to3 in wave, vendar so se odlo\u010dili, da jih zaenkrat obdr\u017eijo v standardni knji\u017enici, saj so \u0161iroko raz\u0161irjeni in ostajajo aktualni, kljub temu da obstajajo bolj napredne alternative ali so vezani na specifi\u010dne zmogljivosti operacijskih sistemov.<\/p>\n

Spomnimo, da se v projektu Python prvotno uporablja pristop 'baterije vklju\u010dene', pri katerem je v standardni knji\u017enici na voljo obse\u017een nabor funkcij za razli\u010dna podro\u010dja uporabe. Med prednostmi tak\u0161nega pristopa je poenostavitev vzdr\u017eevanja projektov v Pythonu in sledenje varnosti v projektih uporabljenih modulov. Ranljivosti v modulih so pogosto izvor ranljivosti v aplikacijah, ki jih uporabljajo. V primeru, da funkcije vklju\u010dujejo standardna knji\u017enica, je dovolj nadzorovati stanje glavnega projekta. Ob razdelitvi standardne knji\u017enice se morajo razvijalci zana\u0161ati na zunanje module, katerih ranljivosti je treba nadzorovati lo\u010deno. Ob visoki stopnji razdrobljenosti in velikem \u0161tevilu odvisnosti se pojavi nevarnost napadov preko kompromitacije infrastrukture razvijalcev modulov.<\/p>\n

Po drugi strani pa vsak dodaten modul v standardni knji\u017enici zahteva vire od ekipe razvijalcev Python za vzdr\u017eevanje. V knji\u017enici se je nabralo veliko \u0161tevilo podvajajo\u010dih in odve\u010dnih funkcij, katerih izlo\u010ditev lahko zmanj\u0161a stro\u0161ke vzdr\u017eevanja. S razvojem kataloga PyPI<\/a><\/noindex> in poenostavitvijo postopka namestitve in nalaganja dodatnih paketov je uporaba zunanjih modulov danes prav tako obi\u010dajna kot uporaba vgrajenih funkcij. <\/p>\n

\u010cedalje ve\u010d razvijalcev uporablja bolj funkcionalne zunanje nadomestke standardnim modulom, na primer, uporabljajo modul lxml namesto xml. Odstranitev zapu\u0161\u010denih modulov iz standardne knji\u017enice bo pove\u010dala priljubljenost aktivno razvijanih nadomestkov v skupnosti. Poleg tega bo zmanj\u0161anje standardne knji\u017enice pripeljalo do zmanj\u0161anja velikosti osnovne ponudbe, kar je pomembno pri uporabi Pythona na vgrajenih platformah z omejeno velikostjo shranjevanja.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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