{"id":34887,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T17:51:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:51:22","slug":"voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","title":{"rendered":"Pitanja prioriteta: Najkvist, \u0160enon ili Kotelnikov?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

O prednosti dela na podro\u010dju prenosa informacij.<\/p>\n

Pionir v tem sodobnem vpra\u0161anju je V.A. Kotelnikov. Med svojim podiplomskim \u0161tudijem na MEI so bile leta 1932 objavljene njegove raziskave, ena od njih se je imenovala \u201eO kapaciteti '\u00e9terja' in \u017eice v elektronskih komunikacijah\u201c in je bila na\u010drtovana za predstavitev na I. vsezveznem kongresu o vpra\u0161anjih tehni\u010dne rekonstrukcije komunikacij in razvoja industrije nizke napetosti. Kongres se ni odvijal. Objavljena je bila leta 1933 kot material za poro\u010dilo (odobrena za tisk v
\nnovembru 1932). <\/a><\/noindex>To je uradno potrdilo o prioritetu. Ko je kon\u010dal podiplomski \u0161tudij, je Vladimir predstavil svoje delo na Znanstvenem svetu. Poro\u010dilo so odobrili, delo \u00bbO prepustnosti\u2026\u00ab pa so ozna\u010dili kot - \u00bb\u2026spri\u010do vsega dobrega, a znanstvena fantastika.\u00ab <\/p>\n

Prvi\u010d, to delo je opozorilo na obetavne smeri razvoja komunikacij in izlo\u010dilo brezizhodne smeri. Drugi\u010d, v informacijskem vidiku te\u017eav komunikacij je bila matemati\u010dno utemeljena digitalna prenos informacij, slavna teorema
\nKotelnikova. V resnici to delo vsebuje 7 teorem.<\/p>\n

Tisto, ki jo Shannon in drugi imenujejo 'teorema vzor\u010denja', ki jo je objavil 15 let kasneje leta 1948. Po tem, v 70. letih prej\u0161njega stoletja, je z razvojem elektronike pri\u0161lo do naravnega porasta zanimanja za digitalni prenos informacij. Leta 1977 se je pojavila vpra\u0161anje pri razporeditvi prioritet in predlagano ime WKS-teorema, Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon.<\/p>\n

Leta 1999 je Fundacija Eduarda Reina ob zaklju\u010dku izjemnih znanstvenih dose\u017ekov 20. stoletja podelila nagrado sovjetskemu znanstveniku Kotelnikovu Vladimirju Aleksandrovi\u010du v kategoriji \u201eza temeljne raziskave\u201c za \u201eprvi\u010d matemati\u010dno natan\u010dno formulirano in objavljeno teoremo vzor\u010denja\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u0160e en zanimiv trenutek. <\/p>\n

Vzpne se ime H. Nyquista, (angl. Harry Nyquist), ki je verjetno eden prvih, ki je razumel in izrazil misel, da morajo biti vzorci signala razporejeni z intervali \u010dasa, ki so enaki
\npribli\u017eno obratni pasovi njegove spektroskopske \u0161irine. To pogosto daje podlago, \u0161e posebej zahodnim znanstvenikom, da uporabljajo izraz 'Nyquistovo pravilo vzor\u010denja'. Vendar so se njegovi argumenti nana\u0161ali na problem neizkrivljenega prenosa telegrafskega signala, \u010deprav so bili blizu problemu prenosa neizkrivljenega analognega signala. Profesor Luke D. v \u010dlanku o izvoru teoreme o vzor\u010denju opozarja na to: 'prvi znanstvenik, ki je natan\u010dno formuliral teoremo o vzor\u010denju in jo uporabil na problem teorije in tehnike komunikacij, je verjetno V.A. Kotelnikov.'<\/p>\n

Majhna digresija in tudi o prioritetah.<\/p>\n

Leta 1939 je Vladimir Aleksandrovi\u010d ustvaril komunikacijsko opremo na eni stranski frekvenci in jo sestavil s svojimi mo\u010dmi, seveda ne sam, saj se je industrija umaknila: \u00bbNih\u010de nikoli tega ni naredil.\u00ab Ustanovljena je bila, vendar ni bila sprejeta na progi Moskva\u2013Habarovsk. Ni bila sprejeta: \u00bbLahko je prislu\u0161kovati.\u00ab Po pregledu \u010dlanka H. Dudley je Kotelnikov ustvaril napravo za \u0161ifriranje govora in
\npovedal njeno idejo v poro\u010dilu \u00bbOsnovne zna\u010dilnosti avtomatskega \u0161ifriranja\u00ab 19. junija 1941. V tem dokumentu so prvi\u010d bili postavljeni zahtevki za matemati\u010dno neuspe\u0161ne
\nsisteme z dokazom o nemogo\u010di de\u0161ifriranju. V javni objavi ni bilo (ali pa morda \u017ee obstaja?).
\nK. Shannon je 1. septembra 1945 predstavil pristope k gradnji odpornih \u0161ifrirnih sistemov, javnost je poro\u010dilo videla leta 1949.<\/p>\n

Kratka predelava \u201eUspehi fizi\u010dnih znanosti\u201c, konference in simpoziji, julij 2006, zvezek 176, \u0161t. 7<\/p>\n

Podrobne materiale z matemati\u010dnimi izra\u010duni lahko prenesete na povezavi<\/p>\n

Na koncu lahko re\u010dem, da pogosto v znanstveni in prakti\u010dni literaturi mednarodni avtorji zamol\u010dijo, pripi\u0161ejo si ali v skrajnem primeru zmanj\u0161ajo ruske-sovjetske-ruske dose\u017eke in prioritete.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Naslednja objava bo povzetek materialov o vpra\u0161anju \u201eKdo je izumitelj radia, Popov ali Marconi?\u201c \u010de bom imel tak\u0161en po\u017ear v zadnjem oddelku kot danes. <\/p>\n

O prioriteti del v podro\u010dju prenosa informacij. Pionir v tem sodobnem vpra\u0161anju je V.A. Kotelnikov. Med doktorskim \u0161tudijem na MPEI so leta 1932 bili objavljeni.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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