{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Minimalna namestitev CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nisem dvomil, da plemeniti doni \u2014 Linux skrbniki \u2014 stremijo k maksimalnemu zmanj\u0161anju niza paketov, name\u0161\u010denih na stre\u017eniku. To je ekonomi\u010dnej\u0161e, varnej\u0161e in daje skrbniku ob\u010dutek popoln nadzor in razumevanje poteka procesov.<\/p>\n

Zato tipi\u010den scenarij za\u010detne namestitve operacijskega sistema izgleda kot izbira minimalne razli\u010dice, nato pa dodajanje potrebnih paketov.<\/p>\n

\"Minimalna
\n
\nVendar se izka\u017ee, da minimalna razli\u010dica, ki jo ponuja namestitveni program CentOS, ni povsem minimalna. Obstaja na\u010din, kako zmanj\u0161ati velikost za\u010detne namestitve sistema na standardiziran in dokumentiran na\u010din.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nKo uporabljate operacijski sistem CentOS, prej ali slej odkrijete avtomatizacijo njegove namestitve s pomo\u010djo mehanizma Kickstart. \u017de dolgo ne name\u0161\u010dam CentOS-a s standardnim namestitvenim programom. Med delom sem zbral dovolj nastavitev kickstart datotek, ki omogo\u010dajo samodejno postavitev sistemov, vklju\u010dno z LVM, kriptiranimi particijami, z minimalnim GUI itd.<\/p>\n

In tako je v nekaterih izdajah 7. razli\u010dice RedHat dodal neverjetno mo\u017enost v Kickstart, ki \u0161e dodatno zmanj\u0161a sliko name\u0161\u010denega sistema:<\/p>\n

—nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

Onemogo\u010di namestitev Jedro<\/a><\/noindex> skupine paketov, ki se sicer vedno privzeto namesti. Onemogo\u010danje Jedro<\/a><\/noindex> Skupina paketov se lahko uporablja samo za ustvarjanje lahkih kontejnerjev; namestitev namiznega ali stre\u017eni\u0161kega sistema z —nocore bo privedla do neuporabnega sistema.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

RedHat po\u0161teno opozarja na mo\u017ene posledice uporabe te mo\u017enosti, vendar mi dolga leta uporabe v resni\u010dnem okolju potrjuje njeno stabilnost in uporabnost.<\/p>\n

Spodaj je prikazan primer kickstart datoteke za minimalno namestitev. Tisti, ki so drznej\u0161i, lahko odstranijo yum. Bodite pripravljeni na presene\u010denja:<\/p>\n

namesti\nbesedilo\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --strinjam\nfirstboot --onemogo\u010di\n\ntipkovnica --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\njezik en_US.UTF-8\n\u010dasovni pas Afrika\/Abidjan\n\nauth --omogo\u010didimnik --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --navedeno ***\n\nignorirajdisk --samo-uporabi=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --lokacija=mbr\nclearpart --vse --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --raste\n\nomre\u017eje --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --aktiviraj\n\n#ponovni zagon\nizklopi\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --onemogo\u010di\n\n%end\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOpa\u017eam, da je CentOS\/RedHat bolj toleranten kot Fedora pri interpretaciji te mo\u017enosti. Zadnji tako mo\u010dno izprazni sistem, da je potrebno ponovno namestiti in dodati \u017eivljenjsko pomembne pripomo\u010dke.<\/p>\n
Kot bonus bom predstavil \u201esprejem\u201c za namestitev minimalnega grafi\u010dnega okolja v CentOS\/RedHat (razli\u010dica 7):<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTako minimalna podoba operacijskega sistema kot tudi minimalno grafi\u010dno okolje sta bila preizku\u0161ena in delujeta na pravih sistemih.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c CentOS, 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