{"id":36155,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:53","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kachestvo-dannyh-v-hranilishhe\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:53","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:53","slug":"kachestvo-dannyh-v-hranilishhe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kachestvo-dannyh-v-hranilishhe","title":{"rendered":"Kakovost podatkov v shrambi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kakovost podatkov v skladi\u0161\u010du je pomembna predpostavka za pridobitev dragocenih informacij. Slaba kakovost vodi do negativne za\u010daranosti v dolgoro\u010dnem smislu.<br \/>\nNajprej se izgubi zaupanje v posredovane informacije. Ljudje za\u010dnejo manj uporabljati aplikacije Business Intelligence, potencial aplikacij ostaja neizkori\u0161\u010den.<br \/>\nPosledi\u010dno se postavlja pod vpra\u0161aj nadaljnje vlaganje v analiti\u010dni projekt.<\/p>\n<h4>Odgovornost za kakovost podatkov<\/h4>\n<p>\nVidik, povezan z izbolj\u0161anjem kakovosti podatkov, je izredno pomemben v BI projektih. Vendar pa ni privilegij le tehni\u010dnih strokovnjakov.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNa kakovost podatkov vplivajo tudi naslednji vidiki:<\/p>\n<p><b>Korporativna kultura<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ali so sami zaposleni zainteresirani za proizvodnjo dobre kakovosti?<\/li>\n<li>\u010ce ne, zakaj? Morda obstaja konflikt interesov.<\/li>\n<li>Morda so tu korporativna pravila, ki dolo\u010dajo odgovorne za kakovost?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Procesi<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Katere podatke ustvarjajo na koncu teh verig?<\/li>\n<li>Morda so operacijski sistemi nastavljeni tako, da je potrebno 'prilagajati', da odra\u017eajo dolo\u010deno situacijo v resni\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Ali operacijski sistemi sami izvajajo preverjanje in usklajevanje podatkov?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZa kakovost podatkov v poro\u010dilnih sistemih so odgovorni vsi v organizaciji.<\/p>\n<h4>Opredelitev in pomen<\/h4>\n<p>\nKakovost je potrjeno izpolnjevanje pri\u010dakovanj strank.<\/p>\n<p>Vendar kakovost podatkov ne vsebuje dolo\u010dila. Vedno odra\u017ea kontekst uporabe. Skladi\u0161\u010de podatkov in sistem BI imata druga\u010dne cilje kot operacijski sistem, iz katerega so podatki pridobljeni.<\/p>\n<p>Na primer, v operacijskem sistemu atribut stranke morda ni obvezno polje. V skladi\u0161\u010du se lahko ta atribut uporablja kot mere, in njegovo izpolnjevanje je obvezno. To pa uvede potrebo po izpolnjenju z vrednostmi po privzetku.<\/p>\n<p>Zahteve za skladi\u0161\u010de podatkov se nenehno spreminjajo in so obi\u010dajno vi\u0161je kot tiste za operacijske sisteme. Lahko pa je tudi obratno, ko v skladi\u0161\u010du ni potrebno shranjevati podrobnih informacij iz operacijskega sistema.<\/p>\n<p>Da bi bila kakovost podatkov merljiva, morajo biti standardi za to opisani. Ljudje, ki uporabljajo informacije in \u0161tevilke pri svojem delu, morajo biti vklju\u010deni v proces opisovanja. Rezultat te vklju\u010ditve je lahko pravilo, po katerem lahko z enega pogleda na tabelo re\u010demo, ali obstaja napaka ali ne. To pravilo je potrebno pripraviti v obliki skripte\/kode za nadaljnjo verifikacijo.<\/p>\n<h4>Improving Data Quality<\/h4>\n<p>\nNemogo\u010de je o\u010distiti in popraviti vse hipoteetske napake v procesu nalaganja podatkov v skladi\u0161\u010de. Kakovostnih podatkov lahko dose\u017eemo le z ozkim sodelovanjem vseh udele\u017eencev. Ljudje, ki vna\u0161ajo podatke v operacijske sisteme, se morajo nau\u010diti, katere akcije povzro\u010dajo napake.<\/p>\n<p>Kakovost podatkov je proces. Na \u017ealost mnoge organizacije nimajo strategije za njegovo stalno izbolj\u0161evanje. Mnogi se omejijo samo na hranjenje podatkov in ne izkoristijo vseh potencialov analiti\u010dnih sistemov. Kot pravilo, se pri razvoju skladi\u0161\u010d podatkov 70-80% prora\u010duna porabi za izvedbo integracije podatkov. Proces nadzora in izbolj\u0161evanja ostaja nedokon\u010dan, \u010de sploh ostane.<\/p>\n<h4>Orodja<\/h4>\n<p>\nUporaba programskih orodij lahko pomaga pri procesih avtomatizacije izbolj\u0161anja in spremljanja kakovosti podatkov. Na primer, z njimi lahko popolnoma avtomatiziramo tehni\u010dno preverjanje struktur skladi\u0161\u010da: format polj, prisotnost privzetih vrednosti, skladnost s specifikacijami imen polj tabel.<\/p>\n<p>Te\u017eje je lahko pri preverjanju vsebine. Ker se zahteve za skladi\u0161\u010de spreminjajo, se lahko spremeni tudi interpretacija podatkov. Orodje se samo lahko spremeni v velik projekt, ki zahteva podporo.<\/p>\n<h4>Nasvet<\/h4>\n<p>\nRelacijske baze podatkov, v katerih se obi\u010dajno na\u010drtujejo skladi\u0161\u010da, imajo \u010dudovito sposobnost ustvarjanja predstavitev (view-ov). Te se lahko uporabljajo za hitro preverjanje podatkov, \u010de poznamo posebnosti vsebine. Vsak primer odkritja napake ali te\u017eave v podatkih lahko zabele\u017eimo v obliki poizvedbe v bazi podatkov.<\/p>\n<p>Tako se bo oblikovala baza znanja o vsebini. Seveda morajo biti taki poizvedbe hitre. Na splo\u0161no vzdr\u017eevanje pogledov vzame manj \u010dlove\u0161kega \u010dasa kot orodja, organizirana v tabelah. Pogled je vedno pripravljen, da prika\u017ee rezultat preverjanja.<br \/>\nV primeru pomembnih poro\u010dil lahko pogled vsebuje stolpec z naslovnikom. Smiselno je, da z istimi sredstvi BI izdelamo poro\u010dilo o stanju kakovosti podatkov v skladi\u0161\u010du.<\/p>\n<h4>Primer<\/h4>\n<p>\nPoizvedba je napisana za bazo Oracle. V tem primeru testi vra\u010dajo numeri\u010dno vrednost, ki jo lahko ustrezno interpretiramo. Z vrednostmi T_MIN in T_MAX lahko uravnavamo stopnjo alarmnosti. Polje REPORT se je neko\u010d uporabljalo kot sporo\u010dilo v komercialnem ETL produktu, ki ni znal dostojno po\u0161iljati e-po\u0161te, zato je rpad \u2014 to \"popravek\".<\/p>\n<p>V primeru velike tabele lahko dodate, na primer, AND ROWNUM &lt;= 10, torej, \u010de se nabere deset napak, je to dovolj za alarm.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW V_QC_DIM_PRODUCT_01 AS\nSELECT\n  CASE WHEN OUTPUT&gt;=T_MIN AND OUTPUT&lt;=T_MAX\n  THEN &#039;OK&#039; ELSE &#039;ERROR&#039; END AS RESULT,\n  DESCRIPTION,\n  TABLE_NAME, \n  OUTPUT, \n  T_MIN,\n  T_MAX,\n  rpad(DESCRIPTION,60,&#039; &#039;) || rpad(OUTPUT,8,&#039; &#039;) || rpad(T_MIN,8,&#039; &#039;) || rpad(T_MAX,8,&#039; &#039;) AS REPORT\nFROM (-- Test same\n  SELECT\n    &#039;DIM_PRODUCT&#039; AS TABLE_NAME,\n    &#039;\u0160tevilo praznin&#039; AS DESCRIPTION,\n    COUNT(*) AS OUTPUT,\n    0 AS T_MIN,\n    10 AS T_MAX\n  FROM DIM_PRODUCT\n  WHERE DIM_PRODUCT_ID != -1 -- ne privzeta vrednost\n  AND ATTRIBUTE IS NULL ); -- \u0161tevilo praznin\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>V publikaciji so uporabljeni materiali knjige<br \/>\nRonald Bachmann, Dr. Guido Kemper<br \/>\nIzstop iz BI pasti<br \/>\nKako postane poslovna inteligenca uspe\u0161na<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/459682\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0435 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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0410\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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