{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"\u0160e eno mnenje o razliki med bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nedavno sem odkril tole objavo: Razlika izme\u0111u bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin<\/a><\/noindex>. Rad bi delil svoj pogled na standard.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nVsebuje ukaze, ki jih lahko uporablja tako sistemski administrator kot uporabniki, a so potrebni, ko niso priklju\u010deni nobeni drugi datote\u010dni sistemi (na primer v enouporabni\u0161kem na\u010dinu). Vsebuje lahko tudi ukaze, ki se posredno uporabljajo v skriptih.<\/p>\n

Tam se pri\u010dakuje prisotnost tak\u0161nih ukazov:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, false<\/b>, hostname<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, ps<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, true<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Lahko ustvarite simlinke na \/usr, vendar \u010deprav v \u010dasu systemd \/usr na lo\u010denem disku ne sre\u010date, ga \u0161e vedno lahko sre\u010date v vgrajenem sistemu, semaforju, mlin\u010dku za kavo in PDP-11, ki upravlja pomembno napravo v eni izmed laboratorijev Akademije znanosti.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nOrodja, ki se uporabljajo za sistemsko upravljanje (in druge ukaze samo za root), \/sbin vsebuje binarne datoteke, potrebne za nalaganje, obnovo in\/ali obnovitev sistema poleg binarnih datotek v \/bin. Programi, ki se izvajajo po tem, ko se \/usr priklju\u010di (ko ni te\u017eav), se obi\u010dajno postavijo v \/usr\/sbin. Lokalne name\u0161\u010dene programe za sistemsko upravljanje je treba postaviti v \/usr\/local\/sbin.<\/p>\n

Pri\u010dakuje se:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Eden od na\u010dinov za\u0161\u010dite sistema pred nemarnimi uporabniki je prepoved zagon teh orodij komurkoli, z nastavitvijo atributa x.
\nPoleg tega je zamenjava \/bin in \/sbin s kopijami iz arhiva (enakimi za vse enake sisteme) hiter na\u010din popravila sistemov brez upravljalnika paketov.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nTu je vse preprosto. Enotni ukazi, enaki za vse stre\u017enike\/mlin\u010dke za kavo podjetja. In sam \/usr se lahko razporedi enako za razli\u010dne OS (za \/bin in \/sbin to obi\u010dajno ne deluje), to so arhitekturno neodvisni programi. Lahko vsebuje povezave na interpreterje perl ali python, ki so v \/opt ali kjerkoli drugje v omre\u017eju.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nEnako kot \/usr\/bin, vendar za uporabo samo s strani administratorjev.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nEna najpomembnej\u0161ih lokacij. V nasprotju z ostalim, \/usr ne more biti enaka za vse organizacije. Tukaj so odvisne od OS, od strojne opreme in preprosto programi, ki niso potrebni na vseh napravah. Pri sinhronizaciji \/usr na napravah je treba \/usr\/local izklju\u010diti.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nTuk je primer, podoben \/usr\/local, le da le\u017eijo programi, specifi\u010dni za dolo\u010denega uporabnika. Lahko jih prenesete (ali sinhronizirate) na drugo napravo ob selitvi uporabnika. Tisto, kar ni mogo\u010de prenesti, se shrani v \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin. Lokalno lahko uporabite brez pike. \/home\/$USER\/sbin iz razumnih razlogov ne obstaja.<\/p>\n

Vesel bom popravkov in dopolnitev.<\/p>\n

Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442. \/bin \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, 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