{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"Stre\u017enik dvofaktorske avtentikacije LinOTP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Stre\u017enik
\n
\nDanes \u017eelim deliti, kako nastaviti stre\u017enik za ve\u010dstopenjsko avtentifikacijo za za\u0161\u010dito poslovnega omre\u017eja, spletnih strani, storitev, SSH. Na stre\u017eniku bo delovala kombinacija: LinOTP + FreeRadius. <\/p>\n

Zakaj ga potrebujemo?
\nTo je popolnoma brezpla\u010dna, priro\u010dna re\u0161itev znotraj lastnega omre\u017eja, neodvisna od zunanjih ponudnikov.<\/p>\n

Ta storitev je zelo priro\u010dna, precej pregledna, v nasprotju z drugimi odprtokodnimi izdelki, in podpira ogromno funkcij in politik (na primer prijava+geslo+(PIN+OTPToken)). Preko API se integrira s storitvami za po\u0161iljanje SMS (LinOTP Config->Provider Config->SMS Provider), generira kode za mobilne aplikacije, kot je Google Authenticator, in \u0161e mnoge druge stvari. Menim, da je bolj priro\u010dna kot storitev, o kateri razpravljamo v \u010dlanku<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Ta stre\u017enik odli\u010dno deluje s Cisco ASA, OpenVPN stre\u017enikom, Apache2, pravzaprav skoraj z vsem, kar podpira avtentifikacijo preko RADIUS stre\u017enika (na primer za SSH v podatkovnih centrih).<\/p>\n

Zahteva se:<\/p>\n

1 ) Debian 8 (jessie) \u2014 Obvezno!<\/b> (preizkusna namestitev na debian 9 je opisana na koncu \u010dlanka)<\/p>\n

Za\u010detek:<\/p>\n

Namestimo Debian 8.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDodamo repozitorij LinOTP:<\/p>\n

# echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDodamo klju\u010de:<\/p>\n
# gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nV\u010dasih, ko je \u2018\u010dista\u2019 namestitev, po izvedbi te ukazne, Debian izda: <\/p>\n
gpg: ustvarjen imenik `\/root\/.gnupg' gpg: ustvarjena nova nastavitev datoteke `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' gpg: POZOR: parametri v `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' \u0161e niso aktivni pri tem zagonu gpg: ustvarjena tabela klju\u010dev `\/root\/.gnupg\/secring.gpg' gpg: ustvarjena tabela klju\u010dev `\/root\/.gnupg\/pubring.gpg' gpg: niso nastavljeni stre\u017eniki klju\u010dev (uporabite --keyserver) gpg: napaka pri iskanju na stre\u017eniku klju\u010dev: slab URI\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTo je za\u010detna nastavitev gnupg. Ni\u010d hudega. Preprosto znova izvedite ukaz.
\nNa vpra\u0161anje Debiana:<\/p>\n
gpg: iskanje \"913DFF12F86258E5\" na hkp stre\u017eniku keys.gnupg.net (1)\tLSE LinOTP2 Packaging \n\t  2048 bit RSA klju\u010d F86258E5, ustvarjen: 2010-05-10\nKlju\u010di 1-1 od 1 za \"913DFF12F86258E5\". Vnesite \u0161tevila, N) Naslednji ali Q) Izhod><\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOdgovorimo: 1<\/p>\n
D\u00e1le: <\/p>\n
# gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNamestimo mysql. Teoreti\u010dno je mogo\u010de uporabiti drugi sql stre\u017enik, a za enostavnost bom uporabil tega, ker je priporo\u010dljiv za LinOTP.<\/p>\n
(dodatne informacije, vklju\u010dno s prekonfiguracijo baze LinOTP, lahko najdete v uradni dokumentaciji) linku<\/a><\/noindex>. Tam lahko najdete ukaz: dpkg-reconfigure linotp za spremembo parametrov, \u010de ste \u017ee namestili mysql).<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (\u0161e enkrat preverite posodobitve ne bo \u0161kodilo)
\nNamestimo LinOTP in dodatne module:<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOdgovorimo na vpra\u0161anja namestitvenega programa: 
\nUporabiti Apache2: da
\nIzberite geslo za admin Linotp: \u201eVa\u0161eGeslo\u201c
\nGenerirati samo-potpisani certifikat?: da
\nKoristiti MySQL?: da
\nGdje se nalazi baza podataka: localhost
\nKreiramo bazu LinOTP (ime baze) na serveru: LinOTP2
\nKreiramo posebnog korisnika za bazu podataka: LinOTP2
\nPostavljamo lozinku korisniku: \u201eVa\u0161aLozinka\u201c
\nNarediti bazo zdaj? (nekaj takega kot \"Ali ste prepri\u010dani, da \u017eelite \u2026\"): da
\nUnosimo root lozinku za MySQL koju smo kreirali prilikom instalacije: \u201eVa\u0161aLozinka\u201c
\nPripravljeno.<\/p>\n
(opcionalno, mo\u017ee i ne mora biti postavljeno)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n(opcionalno, mo\u017ee i ne mora biti postavljeno)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDakle, na\u0161 web-interfejs LinOTP sada je dostupan na adresi: <\/p>\n
"<b>https<\\\/b>\\\/\\\/IP_stre\\u017enika\\\/manage"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nO pode\u0161avanjima u web-interfejsu \u0107u govoriti malo kasnije.<\/p>\n
Sada, najva\u017enije! Pokre\u0107emo FreeRadius i povezujemo ga sa LinOTP.<\/p>\n
Instaliramo FreeRadius i modul za rad sa LinOTP<\/p>\n
# apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\npravimo rezervnu kopiju klijentskih i korisni\u010dkih konfiguracija radijusa.<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKreiramo prazan fajl klijenta:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nUre\u0111ujemo na\u0161u novu konfiguracionu datoteku (rezervna konfiguracija mo\u017ee se koristiti kao primer)<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret = passwd # lozinka za povezivanje klijenata\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nZatim kreiramo fajl korisnika:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nUre\u0111ujemo fajl, govore\u0107i radijusu da \u0107emo koristiti perl za autentifikaciju.<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nZatim ure\u0111ujemo fajl \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMoramo navesti put do perl skripta linotp u parametru module: <\/p>\n
Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u2026\u2026
\nZatim kreiramo fajl, u kojem govorimo iz kog (domena, baze ili fajla) uzimamo podatke.<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
URL=https:\/\/IP_va\u0161eg_LinOTP_servera(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOvdje \u0107u se malo detaljnije zadr\u017eati, jer je to va\u017eno:<\/p>\n
Potpuno obja\u0161njenje datoteke sa komentarima:
\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)
\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck
\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)
\nREALM=rearm1
\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.
\nRESCONF=flat_file
\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine
\nDebug=True
\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)
\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n
Zatim \u0107emo kreirati fajl \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nI kopirati u njega konfiguraciju (ne treba ni\u0161ta menjati):<\/p>\n
authorize {\n#normalizes maleformed client request before handed on to other modules (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n#  If you are using multiple kinds of realms, you probably\n#  want to set \"ignore_null = yes\" for all of them.\n#  Otherwise, when the first style of realm doesn't match,\n#  the other styles won't be checked.\n#allows a list of realm (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n#understands something like USER@REALM and can tell the components apart (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n#understands USERREALM and can tell the components apart (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n#  Read the 'users' file to learn about special configuration which should be applied for\n# certain users (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# allows to let authentification to expire (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# allows to define valid service-times (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# We got no radius_shortname_map!\npap\n}\n#here the linotp perl module is called for further processing\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nZatim \u0107emo napraviti simboli\u010dki link:<\/p>\n
# ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nLahko pomagam pri odstranjevanju privzetih Radius spletnih mest, vendar \u010de jih potrebujete, jih lahko bodisi uredite v njihovi konfiguraciji bodisi izklopite.<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nZdaj se vrnimo k spletnemu vmesniku in ga podrobneje preu\u010dimo:
\nV zgornjem desnem kotu kliknemo LinOTP Config -> UserIdResolvers -> New
\nIzberite, kaj \u017eelite: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), ali SQL, ali lokalne uporabnike sistema Flatfile. <\/p>\n
Izpolnite zahtevana polja.<\/p>\n
Nato ustvarimo REALMS:
\nV zgornjem desnem kotu kliknemo LinOTP Config -> Realms -> New. 
\nin dodelimo ime na\u0161emu REALMS-u ter kliknemo na prej ustvarjeni UserIdResolvers.<\/p>\n
Vsi ti podatki so potrebni za freeRadius v datoteki \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, o \u010demer sem pisal zgoraj, zato, \u010de je niste uredili takrat, to storite zdaj.<\/p>\n
Vse je nastavljen.<\/p>\n
Dopolnilo:<\/p>\n
Nastavitev LinOTP na Debian 9<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Instalacija: <\/p>\n
# echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (privzeto, na Debiana 9 mysql (mariaDB) ne ponudi nastavitev gesla za root, seveda ga lahko pustite praznega, vendar \u010de berete novice, to pogosto privede do 'epi\u010dnih zru\u0161itev', zato ga bomo vendarle nastavili)<\/p>\n
# mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
use mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('tu_geslo') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
exit<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Prilepimo kodo (poslana JuriM, hvala mu!):<\/p>\n
server linotp {
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1812
\n type = auth
\n}
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1813
\n type = acct
\n}
\nauthorize { 
\n preprocess
\n update { 
\n &control:Auth-Type := Perl
\n } 
\n} 
\nauthenticate {
\n Auth-Type Perl {
\n perl
\n }
\n}
\naccounting {
\n unix
\n}
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Uredite \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n
perl {
\n filename = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm
\n func_authenticate = authenticate
\n func_authorize = authorize
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u017dal v Debian 9 knji\u017enica radius_linotp.pm ni na voljo v repozitorijih, zato jo bomo vzeli s GitHub-a.<\/p>\n
# apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n
# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
zdaj popravimo \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n
client servers {
\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24
\n secret = va\u0161geslo
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
zdaj popravimo nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n
Tja prilepimo enako kodo kot pri namestitvi na debian 8 (opisano zgoraj)<\/p>\n
v teoriji je vse. (\u0161e ni testirano)<\/p>\n
Spodaj bom navedel nekaj povezav za nastavitev sistemov, ki jih obi\u010dajno za\u0161\u010ditimo z dvofaktorsko avtentikacijo: 
\nNastavitev dvofaktorske avtentikacije v Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Nastavitev s Cisco ASA<\/a><\/noindex>(tam se uporablja druga\u010den stre\u017enik za generiranje \u017eetonov, a nastavitve ASA so enake).<\/p>\n
VPN z dvofaktorsko avtentikacijo<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Setup dvofaktorska avtentikacija v ssh<\/a><\/noindex> (tudi tam se uporablja LinOTP) \u2014 hvala avtorju. Tam lahko najdete zanimive stvari glede nastavitev politik LiOTP.<\/p>\n
Prav tako cms mnogih spletnih mest podpira dvofaktorsko avtentikacijo (za WordPress ima LinOTP celo svoj poseben modul na github<\/a><\/noindex>), na primer, \u010de \u017eelite na svoji korporativni spletni strani ustvariti za\u0161\u010diten odsek za zaposlene podjetja.
\nZAPOMENI ZNANJE! NE ozna\u010dujte \u00bbGoogle autentifikator\u00ab za uporabo google autentifikatorja! QR-koda se takrat ne prebere\u2026 (nenavadna dejstvo)<\/p>\n
Za pisanje \u010dlanka so bile uporabljene informacije iz naslednjih \u010dlankov:
\nitnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&p=270571<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n
Hvala avtorjem.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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