{"id":37750,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","slug":"distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","title":{"rendered":"Distri \u2014 distribucija za preizku\u0161anje tehnologij hitrega upravljanja paketov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Stapelberg, avtor mozaikovega upravitelja oken i3wm in nekdanji aktiven razvijalec Debiana (je vzdr\u017eeval okoli 170 paketov), <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/michael.stapelberg.ch\/posts\/2019-08-17-introducing-distri\/\">razvija<\/a><\/noindex>  eksperiment distribucija <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/distr1.org\/\">distri<\/a><\/noindex> in istoimenski paketni upravitelj. Projekt se pozicionira kot raziskava mo\u017enih poti za pove\u010danje u\u010dinkovitosti sistemov za upravljanje paketov in udejanja nekatere nove ideje pri gradnji distribucij. Koda paketnega upravitelja je napisana v programskem jeziku Go in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/distr1\/distri\/\">se distribuira<\/a><\/noindex> pod BSD licencom.<\/p>\n<p>Klju\u010dna zna\u010dilnost predlaganega formata paketov v distribuciji je dostava paketov v obliki SquashFS slik, namesto stisnjenih tar-arhivov. Uporaba SquashFS, podobno formatom AppImage in Snap, omogo\u010da \u201emontiranje\u201c paketa brez potrebe po razpakiranju, kar prihrani prostor na disku, dovoljuje atomske spremembe in omogo\u010da takoj\u0161en dostop do vsebine paketa. Paketi distri, tako kot v klasi\u010dnem formatu \u201edeb\u201c, vsebujejo le posamezne komponente, povezane z drugimi paketi (knji\u017enice se ne podvajajo v paketih, temve\u010d se namestijo kot odvisnosti). Z drugimi besedami, distri posku\u0161a zdru\u017eiti granulirano strukturo paketov klasi\u010dnih distribucij, kot je Debian, z metodami dostave aplikacij v obliki montiranih kontejnerjev.<\/p>\n<p>Vsak paket v distri se montira v svoj imenik v na\u010dinu samo za branje (na primer, paket z zsh je na voljo kot \u201e\/ro\/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3\u201c), kar pozitivno vpliva na varnost in \u0161\u010diti pred naklju\u010dnimi ali zlonamernimi spremembami. Za oblikovanje hierarhije sistemskih imenikov, kot so \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/share in \/usr\/lib, se uporablja poseben FUSE modul, ki zdru\u017euje vsebino vseh name\u0161\u010denih SquashFS slik v eno celoto (na primer, imenik \/ro\/share omogo\u010da dostop do podimenikov share iz vseh paketov). <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/package-format.html\">Paketi<\/a><\/noindex> v distri so na\u010deloma <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/michael.stapelberg.ch\/posts\/2019-07-20-hooks-and-triggers\/\">znebili<\/a><\/noindex> obravnavanih med namestitvijo obdelovalnikov (ni hook-ov in trigger-jev), in razli\u010dne razli\u010dice paketa lahko sobivajo med seboj, zato je omogo\u010deno vzporedno name\u0161\u010danje paketov. Predlagana struktura omejuje zmogljivost paketnega upravitelja le s pasovno \u0161irino omre\u017eja, prek katerega se paketi prena\u0161ajo. Neposredna namestitev ali posodobitev paketa se izvaja atomsko in ne zahteva podvajanja vsebine. <\/p>\n<p>Konflikti pri namestitvi paketov so izklju\u010deni, saj se vsak paket povezuje s svojim imenikom, in v sistemu je dovoljeno imeti razli\u010dne razli\u010dice enega paketa (v skupne imenike se pove\u017ee vsebina imenika z novej\u0161o revizijo paketa). Zbiranje paketov se prav tako izvaja zelo hitro in ne zahteva namestitve paketov v lo\u010deno okolje za zbiranje (v okolju za zbiranje se ustvari predstavitev potrebnih odvisnosti iz imenika \/ro).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/rosetta-stone.html\">Podprti<\/a><\/noindex> Tipi\u010dne ukaze za upravljanje paketov, kot so \u201edistri install\u201c in \u201edistri update\u201c, namesto informacijskih ukazov pa lahko uporabite standardno orodje \u201els\u201c (na primer, za ogled name\u0161\u010denih paketov je dovolj, da izpi\u0161ete seznam imenikov v hierarhiji \u201e\/ro\u201c, in da bi izvedeli, v kateri paket spada datoteka, preverite, kam vodi povezava iz te datoteke).<\/p>\n<p>Prototip distribucije, predlagan za eksperimentalno delo, vklju\u010duje pribli\u017eno <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/pkg\/\">1700 paketov<\/a><\/noindex> in pripravljeni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/img\/\">images d'installation<\/a><\/noindex> z namestitvenim programom, primerne tako za namestitev kot glavno operacijski sistem kot tudi za zagon v QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud in VirtualBox. Podpira nalaganje s \u0161ifriranega diska in nabor standardnih aplikacij za ustvarjanje delovnega okolja na osnovi okenskega upravljalnika i3 (kot brskalnik je predlagan Google Chrome). <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/building.html\">Na voljo je<\/a><\/noindex>  popoln nabor orodij za zbiranje distribucije, pripravo in oblikovanje paketov, ter raz\u0161irjanje paketov prek ogledal itd.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51407\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a Debian (\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 170 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 distri \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Go \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 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