{"id":38636,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","slug":"reliz-subd-postgresql-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12","title":{"rendered":"Izdaja SDB PostgreSQL 12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po letu razvoja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/about\/news\/1976\/\">je objavljena<\/a><\/noindex> nova stabilna veja SDB PostgreSQL 12. Posodobitve za novo vejo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/support\/versioning\/\">\u0107e se osiguravati<\/a><\/noindex> v petletnem obdobju do novembra 2024. <\/p>\n<p>Glavne <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/static\/release-12.html\">novosti<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/ddl-generated-columns.html\">generirane stolpce<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, katerih vrednost se izra\u010duna na podlagi izraza, ki zajema vrednosti drugih stolpcev v isti tabeli (podobno kot prikazi, vendar za posamezne stolpce). Generirani stolpci so lahko dveh vrst &#8212; shranjeni in virtualni. V prvem primeru se vrednost izra\u010duna ob dodajanju ali spreminjanju podatkov, v drugem &#8212; pri vsakem branju na podlagi trenutnega stanja drugih stolpcev. Zaenkrat PostgreSQL podpira le shranjene generirane stolpce;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je mo\u017enost izvajanja podatkovnih poizvedb iz JSON-dokumentov s pomo\u010djo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-SQLJSON-PATH\">izrazov Path,<\/a><\/noindex>ki spominjajo na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XPath\">XPath<\/a><\/noindex> in so dolo\u010deni v standardu SQL\/JSON. Za pove\u010danje u\u010dinkovitosti obdelave tovrstnih izrazov za dokumente, shranjene v formatu JSONB, se uporabljajo obstoje\u010di mehanizmi indeksiranja;\n<li class=\"l\"> Privzeto je omogo\u010dena uporaba JIT (Just-in-Time) kompajlerja, ki temelji na tehnologiji LLVM za pospe\u0161itev izvajanja nekaterih izrazov med obdelavo SQL poizvedb. Na primer, JIT je uporaben za pospe\u0161itev izvajanja izrazov znotraj blokov &#171;WHERE&#187;, v izhodnih seznamih (target lists), agregatnih izrazih in nekaterih notranjih operacijah;\n<li class=\"l\"> Znatno je pove\u010dana u\u010dinkovitost indeksiranja. B-tree indeksi so optimizirani za delo v razmerah pogostih sprememb indeksov &#8212; v testih TPC-C opazimo splo\u0161no pove\u010danje zmogljivosti in zmanj\u0161anje porabe diskovnega prostora v povpre\u010dju za 40%. Zmanj\u0161ani so stro\u0161ki pri generiranju dnevnika pohotne bele\u017eke (WAL) za vrste indeksov GiST, GIN in SP-GiST. Za GiST je dodana mo\u017enost ustvarjanja ovitkov indeksov (prek izraza INCLUDE), ki vklju\u010dujejo dodatne stolpce. V operaciji <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-createstatistics.html\">CREATE STATISTICS<\/a><\/noindex> je zagotovljena podpora za statistiko o najbolj tipi\u010dnih vrednostih (MCV), kar omogo\u010da generiranje bolj optimiziranih na\u010drtov poizvedb pri uporabi neenakomerno porazdeljenih stolpcev;\n<li class=\"l\"> Izvedba sekcioniranja (particioniranja) je optimizirana za poizvedbe, ki obsegajo tabele s tiso\u010dimi sekcijami, vendar se omejujejo na izbiro omejenega podmno\u017eja podatkov. Pove\u010dana je u\u010dinkovitost dodajanja podatkov v sekcionirane tabele s pomo\u010djo operacij INSERT in COPY, prav tako pa je omogo\u010deno dodajanje novih sekcij prek &#171;ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION&#187; brez zaklepanja izvajanja poizvedb;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana podpora za samodejno inline \u0161irjenje skupnih tabelarnih izrazov (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/queries-with.html\">Common Table Expression<\/a><\/noindex>, CTE), ki omogo\u010dajo uporabo za\u010dasnih poimenovanih izhodnih nizov, dolo\u010denih z operatorjem WITH. Inline \u0161irjenje pove\u010duje zmogljivost ve\u010dine poizvedb, vendar se trenutno uporablja le za nekrecusivne CTE;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/collation.html#COLLATION-NONDETERMINISTIC\">nedeterministi\u010dnih<\/a><\/noindex> lastnosti lokalnega &#171;Collation&#187;, ki omogo\u010da dolo\u010danje pravil sortiranja in metod primerjave ob upo\u0161tevanju smisla simbolov (na primer, pri sortiranju \u0161tevilskih vrednosti se upo\u0161teva prisotnost minusa in pike pred \u0161tevilom ter razli\u010dne vrste pisanja, pri primerjavi pa se ne upo\u0161teva registracija simbolov in prisotnost naglasa);\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za ve\u010dfaktorsko avtentikacijo strank, pri kateri se v pg_hba.conf za avtentikacijo lahko kombinira avtentikacija po SSL certifikatu (clientcert=verify-full) z dodatno metodo avtentikacije, kot je scram-sha-256;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za \u0161ifriranje komunikacijskega kanala pri avtentikaciji preko <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/gssapi-auth.html\">GSSAPI<\/a><\/noindex>, tako na strani odjemalca kot tudi na strani stre\u017enika;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podpora za definiranje LDAP stre\u017enikov na podlagi zapisov &#171;DNS SRV&#187;, \u010de je PostgreSQL sestavljen z OpenLDAP;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je operacija &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-reindex.html#SQL-REINDEX-CONCURRENTLY\">REINDEX CONCURRENTLY<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb za ponovno zgradnjo indeksov brez zaklepanja zapisovalnih operacij v indeks;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je ukaz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/app-pgchecksums.html\">pg_checksums<\/a><\/noindex>, ki omogo\u010da vklop in izklop preverjanja kontrolnih \u0161tevil na obstoje\u010di BDP (prej je bila ta operacija podprta le med inicializacijo BDP);\n<li class=\"l\"> Zagotovljen je izhod indikatorja napredka pri izvajanju operacij CREATE INDEX, REINDEX, CLUSTER, VACUUM FULL in pg_checksums;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je ukaz &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/tableam.html\">CREATE ACCESS METHOD<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb za povezovanje obdelovalcev novih metod shranjevanja tabel, optimiziranih za razli\u010dne specifi\u010dne naloge. Trenutno je edini vgrajeni na\u010din dostopa do tabel &#171;heap&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Konfiguracijska datoteka recovery.conf je spojena s postgresql.conf. Sada se kao indikatori prelaska u stanje oporavka nakon pada koriste <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY\">bi morali<\/a><\/noindex> datoteke recovery.signal i standby.signal.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51604\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 &#171;\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432&#171;, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 (\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432). \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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