{"id":38841,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:17","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:17","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:17","slug":"passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika","title":{"rendered":"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sistem pomenskih imen (DNS) je podoben telefonskemu imeniku, ki pretvarja uporabniku prijazna imena, kot je 'ussc.ru', v IP-naslove. Ker aktivnost DNS obstaja prakti\u010dno v vseh seansah komunikacije, ne glede na protokol, je tako bele\u017eenje DNS dragocen vir podatkov za strokovnjaka za informacijsko varnost, ki mu omogo\u010da odkrivanje anomalij ali pridobivanje dodatnih podatkov o preu\u010devanem sistemu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Leta 2004 je Florian Weimer predlagal metodo bele\u017eenja, imenovano Passive DNS, ki omogo\u010da obnovo zgodovine sprememb DNS podatkov z mo\u017enostjo indeksiranja in iskanja, kar lahko zagotovi dostop do naslednjih podatkov:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Domeno ime<\/li>\n<li>IP-naslov zahtevanega domenskega imena<\/li>\n<li>Datum in \u010das odgovora<\/li>\n<li>Tip odgovora<\/li>\n<li>itd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podatki za Passive DNS se zbirajo z rekursive DNS stre\u017eniki s pomo\u010djo vgrajenih modulov ali s prestrezanjem odgovorov od DNS stre\u017enikov, odgovornih za cono.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/03066b8baf19d86c73bb7a1ca240a26c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Slika 1. Passive DNS (prevzeto s spletne strani <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ctovision.com\/passivedns-leverage-research\/\">Ctovision.com<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Posebnost Passive DNS je, da ni treba registrirati IP-naslova stranke, kar omogo\u010da za\u0161\u010dito zasebnosti uporabnikov. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Trenutno obstaja veliko storitev, ki zagotavljajo dostop do podatkov Passive DNS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dnsdb.info\/\">DNSDB<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virustotal.com\/gui\/home\/upload\">VirusTotal<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskiq.com\/products\/passivetotal\/\">PassiveTotal<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/octo.safedns.com\/\">Octopus<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/securitytrails.com\/\">SecurityTrails<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/umbrella.cisco.com\/products\/threat-intelligence\">Umbrella Investigate<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Podjetje<\/b><br \/>\nFarsight Security<br \/>\nVirusTotal<br \/>\nRiskiq<br \/>\nSafeDNS<br \/>\nSecurityTrails<br \/>\nCisco<\/p>\n<p><b>Dostop<\/b><br \/>\nNa zahtevo<br \/>\nNe zahteva registracije<br \/>\nProsta registracija<br \/>\nNa zahtevo<br \/>\nNe zahteva registracije<br \/>\nNa zahtevo<\/p>\n<p><b>API<\/b><br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nPrisutna<\/p>\n<p><b>Razpolo\u017eljivost stranke<\/b><br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nPrisutna<br \/>\nNema<br \/>\nNema<br \/>\nNema<\/p>\n<p><b>Za\u010detek zbiranja podatkov<\/b><br \/>\nLeto 2010<br \/>\nLeto 2013<br \/>\nLeto 2009<br \/>\nPrikazuje le zadnjih 3 mesece<br \/>\nLeto 2008<br \/>\nLeto 2006<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>Tabela 1. Storitve z dostopom do podatkov Passive DNS<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Mo\u017enosti uporabe Passive DNS<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Z uporabo Passive DNS lahko gradite povezave med domenskimi imeni, NS stre\u017eniki in IP-naslovi. To omogo\u010da izdelavo zemljevidov preu\u010devanih sistemov in sledenje spremembam takega zemljevida od prvega odkritja do trenutnega trenutka.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prav tako Passive DNS olaj\u0161a odkrivanje anomalij v prometu. Na primer, sledenje spremembam v NS conah in zapisih vrste A in AAAA omogo\u010da odkrivanje zlonamernih spletnih mest, ki uporabljajo metodo fast flux, namenjeno skrivanju C&amp;C pred odkrivanjem in blokiranjem. Ker legitimna domenska imena (razen tistih, ki se uporabljajo za obvladovanje bremen) ne bodo pogosto spreminjala svojih IP-naslovov, pa tudi ve\u010dina legitimnih con redko spreminja svoje NS stre\u017enike. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pasivni DNS, za razliku od direktnog pretra\u017eivanja poddomena prema re\u010dnicima, omogu\u0107ava pronala\u017eenje \u010dak i najegzoti\u010dnijih domena, na primer \u201c222qmxacaiqaaaaazibq4aaidhmbqaaa0undefined7140c0.p.hoff.ru\u201d. Ovaj pristup ponekad otkriva testne (i ranjive) oblasti veb sajta, materijale za programere itd. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Istra\u017eivanje veze iz e-po\u0161te koriste\u0107i Pasivni DNS<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Trenutno je spam jedan od glavnih na\u010dina na koji napada\u010di prodiru na ra\u010dunar \u017ertve ili kradu poverljive informacije. Poku\u0161ajmo da istra\u017eimo vezu iz takve e-po\u0161te koriste\u0107i Pasivni DNS kako bismo procenili efikasnost ove metode.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/47d75ca464d6aa1c803670b1a53b4cf8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Slika 2. Spam e-poruka<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Veza iz ove e-po\u0161te vodila je na sajt magnit-boss.rocks, koji je automatski nudio prikupljanje bonusa i novca:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f9bbb7d49579e5559c8fc76af0cfc13d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Slika 3. Stranica postavljena na domenu magnit-boss.rocks<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za istra\u017eivanje ovog sajta kori\u0161\u0107en je <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/api.passivetotal.org\/api\/docs\/\">API Riskiq<\/a><\/noindex>, koji ve\u0107 ima 3 gotova klijenta na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/passivetotal\/python_api\">Python<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chrislee35\/passivetotal\">Ruby<\/a><\/noindex> in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/passivetotal\/rust_api\">Rust<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prvo, sazna\u0107emo celu istoriju ovog domena, koriste\u0107i komandu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>pt-client pdns \u2014query magnit-boss.rocks<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ova komanda \u0107e pokazati informacije o svim DNS rezolucijama povezanim sa ovim domenom. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bfaa82b2d7a753f684f32a93e29bf679.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Slika 4. Odgovor od API Riskiq<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pobolj\u0161ajmo odgovor od API-ja kako bi bio pregledniji: <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/90bcff91f110ee8e8f97151618548cb3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Slika 5. Sve stavke iz odgovora<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za dalju analizu uzeti su IP adrese na koje se ovaj domen rezolvovao u trenutku prijema e-po\u0161te 01.08.2019, a to su slede\u0107e adrese: 92.119.113.112 i 85.143.219.65. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kori\u0161\u0107enjem komande: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>pt-client pdns \u2014query<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>mo\u017ee se dobiti sve domene povezane sa ovim IP adresama.<br \/>\nIP adresa 92.119.113.112 ima 42 jedinstvenih domena koji su se rezolvovali na ovu IP adresu, me\u0111u kojima su slede\u0107i:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>magnit-boss.club<\/li>\n<li>igrovie-avtomaty.me<\/li>\n<li>pro-x-audit.xyz<\/li>\n<li>zep3-www.xyz<\/li>\n<li>i dr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>IP adresa 85.143.219.65 ima 44 jedinstvenih domena koji su se rezolvovali na ovu IP adresu, me\u0111u kojima su slede\u0107i:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cvv2.name (sajt za prodaju podataka o kreditnim karticama)<\/li>\n<li>emaills.world<\/li>\n<li>www.mailru.space<\/li>\n<li>i dr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Veze sa ovim domenima ukazuju na phishing, ali mi verujemo u dobre ljude, pa \u0107emo poku\u0161ati da dobijemo bonus od 332.501,72 rubalja? Nakon pritiska na dugme \u201cDA\u201d, sajt nas tra\u017ei da prebacimo 300 rubalja sa kartice za otklju\u010davanje ra\u010duna i \u0161alje nas na sajt as-torpay.info za unos podataka. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cb2525f6438e5b0314949eae1ab3b81b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Slika 6. Po\u010detna stranica sajta ac-pay2day.net<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na prvi pogled se \u010dini kao legalna stranica, ima https sertifikat, a po\u010detna stranica nudi mogu\u0107nost povezivanja ovog pla\u0107anja sistema sa va\u0161om stranicom, ali, na\u017ealost, svi linkovi za povezivanje ne funkcioni\u0161u. Ova domena se rezolvira samo na jedan IP adresu \u2014 190.115.19.74. On, zauzvrat, ima 1475 jedinstvenih domena koji su se rezolvovali na ovu IP adresu, me\u0111u kojima su i imena kao \u0161to su:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ac-pay2day.net<\/li>\n<li>ac-payfit.com<\/li>\n<li>as-manypay.com<\/li>\n<li>fletkass.net<\/li>\n<li>as-magicpay.com<\/li>\n<li>i dr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kao \u0161to mo\u017eemo videti, Passive DNS omogu\u0107ava prikupljanje podataka o istra\u017eivanom resursu dovoljno brzo i efikasno, pa \u010dak i izradu svojevrsnog otiska, koji omogu\u0107ava otkrivanje cele \u0161eme kra\u0111e li\u010dnih podataka, od njegovog prikupljanja do verovatnog mesta prodaje. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pasivni DNS v rokah analitika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e06af58c18cdd52e4790047c46768470.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Slika 7. Mapa istra\u017eivane sistema<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nije sve tako ru\u017ei\u010dasto kako bismo \u017eeleli. Na primer, ovakva istra\u017eivanja lako mogu nai\u0107i na CloudFlare ili sli\u010dne servise. Efikasnost prikupljanja baze veoma zavisi od broja DNS zahteva koji prolaze kroz modul za prikupljanje Passive DNS podataka. Ipak, Passive DNS predstavlja dodatni izvor informacija za istra\u017eiva\u010da.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Autor: Specijalista Uralskog centra za sisteme bezbednosti<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/470974\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d (DNS) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00abussc.ru\u00bb, \u0432 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c DNS \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c DNS \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d (DNS) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 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