{"id":39289,"date":"2019-10-31T22:29:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ataka-cpdos-pozvolyayushhaya-sdelat-nedostupnymi-stranitsy-otdavaemye-cherez-cdn\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:29:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:29:21","slug":"ataka-cpdos-pozvolyayushhaya-sdelat-nedostupnymi-stranitsy-otdavaemye-cherez-cdn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/ataka-cpdos-pozvolyayushhaya-sdelat-nedostupnymi-stranitsy-otdavaemye-cherez-cdn","title":{"rendered":"CPDoS napad koji mo\u017ee u\u010diniti stranice dostupnim koje se isporu\u010duju putem CDN-a","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Raziskovalci iz Hambur\u0161ke in K\u00f6lnske univerze<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpdos.org\/\">vyvinuli<\/a><\/noindex> \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438 &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpdos.org\/paper\/Your_Cache_Has_Fallen__Cache_Poisoned_Denial_of_Service_Attack__Preprint_.pdf\">CPDoS<\/a><\/noindex> (Cache-Poisoned Denial-of-Service). Napad omogo\u010da dosego zavrnitve dostopa do strani preko zasu\u017enjevanja predpomnilnika. <\/p>\n<p>Problem je povezan s tem, da CDN-ji ne predpomnijo le uspe\u0161no izvedenih zahtevkov, temve\u010d tudi situacije, ko http-stre\u017enik vrne napako. Obi\u010dajno, ob te\u017eavah pri oblikovanju zahtevkov, stre\u017enik vrne napako 400 (Bad Request), izjema je le IIS, ki izda napako 404 (Not Found) za prevelike glave. Standard dovoljuje predpomniti le napake s kodami 404 (Not Found), 405 (Method Not Allowed), 410 (Gone) in 501 (Not Implemented), vendar nekateri CDN-ji prav tako predpomnijo odgovore s kodo 400 (Bad Request), ki je odvisna od poslanega zahtevka. <\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 &#171;400 Bad Request&#187; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f CDN, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u044d\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435. <\/p>\n<p>Za prisilitev HTTP-stre\u017enika k vrnitvi napake so predlagane tri mo\u017enosti napada:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> HMO (HTTP Method Override) &#8212; \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 &#171;X-HTTP-Method-Override&#187;, &#171;X-HTTP-Method&#187; \u0438\u043b\u0438 &#171;X-Method-Override&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 CDN. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 &#171;GET&#187; \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 &#171;DELETE&#187; \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 &#171;POST&#187;;\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpdos.org\/img\/HMO.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"CPDoS napad koji mo\u017ee u\u010diniti stranice dostupnim koje se isporu\u010duju putem CDN-a\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/6449e613e38cfb3cb1f2f185921214e9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> HHO (HTTP Header Oversize) &#8212; \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f CDN. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Apache httpd \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0432 8 \u041a\u0411, \u0430 CDN Amazon Cloudfront \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e 20 \u041a\u0411;<br \/>\n<center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpdos.org\/img\/HHO.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"CPDoS napad koji mo\u017ee u\u010diniti stranice dostupnim koje se isporu\u010duju putem CDN-a\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2bbefaff1f9b5b1b4e568801cd7ac7cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> HMC (HTTP Meta Character) &#8212; \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b (&#92;n, &#92;r, &#92;a), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 CDN.\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpdos.org\/img\/HMC.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"CPDoS napad koji mo\u017ee u\u010diniti stranice dostupnim koje se isporu\u010duju putem CDN-a\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/5e8426e93a48735796b600db00a5c99d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Najbolj izpostavljen napadu je bil CDN CloudFront, ki ga uporablja Amazon Web Services (AWS). Trenutno je podjetje Amazon \u017ee odpravilo te\u017eavo z onemogo\u010denjem predpomnjenja napak, toda raziskovalcem je trajalo ve\u010d kot tri mesece, da so dosegli dodajanje za\u0161\u010dite. Te\u017eava je prav tako prizadela Cloudflare, Varnish, Akamai, CDN77 in<br \/>\nFastly, vendar je bila napad na njih omejen na ciljne stre\u017enike, kjer se uporablja IIS, ASP.NET, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pallets\/flask\">Flask<\/a><\/noindex> in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/playframework\/play1\/issues\/1300\">Play 1<\/a><\/noindex>. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpdos.org\/paper\/Your_Cache_Has_Fallen__Cache_Poisoned_Denial_of_Service_Attack__Preprint_.pdf\">Opazi se<\/a><\/noindex>, kar pomeni, da bi lahko napadu bilo izpostavljenih 11 % domen Ministrstva za obrambo ZDA, 16 % URL-jev iz baze HTTP Archive in pribli\u017eno 30 % od 500 najve\u010djih spletnih mest po uvrstitvi Alexa.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 &#171;Cache-Control: no-store&#187;, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 CDN, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432<br \/>\n CloudFront in Akamai, lahko na ravni nastavitev profila onemogo\u010dite predpomnjenje napak. Za za\u0161\u010dito lahko uporabite tudi po\u017earne zidove za spletne aplikacije (WAF, Web Application Firewall), vendar morajo biti implementirani na strani CDN pred gostitelji, ki izvajajo predpomnjenje.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51753\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u041a\u0451\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438 &#8212; CPDoS (Cache-Poisoned Denial-of-Service). \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e CDN \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e 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