{"id":40138,"date":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","slug":"katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hello, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Po novogodi\u0161njih praznika ponovo smo pokrenuli katastrofu-otporno oblak na bazi dve lokacije. Danas \u0107emo objasniti kako to funkcioni\u0161e i prikazati \u0161ta se doga\u0111a sa klijentovim virtuelnim ma\u0161inama prilikom kvara pojedina\u010dnih elemenata klastera i pada cele lokacije (spoiler \u2013 sve je u redu). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/58b56261b55785a76bce3e754c86f6a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>SASD katastrofu-otpornog oblaka na lokaciji OST.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u0160ta je unutra<\/h3>\n<p>\nIspod haube klastera su serveri Cisco UCS sa hipervizorom VMware ESXi, dva SASD INFINIDAT InfiniBox F2240, mre\u017ena oprema Cisco Nexus, kao i SAN prekida\u010di Brocade. Klaster je raspore\u0111en na dve lokacije \u2013 OST i NORD, tj. u svakom data centru je identi\u010dan skup opreme. To ga upravo \u010dini katastrofu-otpornim. <\/p>\n<p>Unutar jedne lokacije tako\u0111e su duplirani glavni elementi (hostovi, SAN prekida\u010di, mre\u017ea).<br \/>\nDve lokacije su povezane posve\u0107enim opti\u010dkim vlaknima, tako\u0111e rezervisanim.<\/p>\n<p>Nekoliko re\u010di o SASD. Prva verzija katastrofu-otpornog oblaka koju smo gradili temeljila se na NetApp. Ovde smo odabrali INFINIDAT, i evo za\u0161to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Opcija Active-Active replikacije. Ona omogu\u0107ava virtuelnoj ma\u0161ini da ostane u funkcionalnom stanju \u010dak i pri potpunom otkazu jednog od SASD. O replikaciji \u0107u detaljnije pri\u010dati kasnije.<\/li>\n<li>Tri disk kontrolera za pove\u0107anje otpornosti sistema. Obi\u010dno ih ima dva.<\/li>\n<li>Gotovo re\u0161enje. Do nas je stigla ve\u0107 sastavljena ormari\u0107, koju treba samo povezati na mre\u017eu i konfigurisati.<\/li>\n<li>Pa\u017eljiva tehni\u010dka podr\u0161ka. In\u017eenjeri INFINIDAT stalno analiziraju logove i doga\u0111aje SASD-a, instaliraju nove verzije u firmveru, poma\u017eu sa pode\u0161avanjima.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEvo nekoliko fotografija sa unpacking-a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b953a56bba9f0308f5fe1b27b356683b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/94b5ceb8565ebe1ef2aacff943e1a9d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Kako deluje<\/h3>\n<p>\nOblak je ve\u0107 interno katastrofu-otporan. On \u0161titi klijenta od pojedina\u010dnih hardverskih i softverskih kvarova. Katastrofu-otporan obezbe\u0111uje za\u0161titu od masovnih kvarova unutar jedne lokacije: na primer, otkaz SASD (ili klastera SDS, \u0161to se \u010desto de\u0161ava \ud83d\ude42), masovne gre\u0161ke u mre\u017ei skladi\u0161ta itd. I najva\u017enije: takav oblak spa\u0161ava kada cela lokacija postane nedostupna zbog po\u017eara, nestanka struje, otmice, invazije vanzemaljaca. <\/p>\n<p>U svim tim slu\u010dajevima, klijentove virtuelne ma\u0161ine nastavljaju da rade, i evo za\u0161to. <\/p>\n<p>Shema klastera je ure\u0111ena tako da bilo koji ESXi host s klijentskim virtuelnim ma\u0161inama mo\u017ee pristupiti bilo kojoj od dve SAN. Ako SAN na lokaciji OST otka\u017ee, virtuelne ma\u0161ine \u0107e nastaviti raditi: hostovi na kojima rade \u0107e se obra\u0107ati za podatke SAN-u na NORD-u. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/996193debdab5b3564c97b05b1e5ba27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ovako izgleda shema povezivanja u klasteru. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>To je mogu\u0107e zahvaljuju\u0107i tome \u0161to je izme\u0111u SAN-fabrika dvaju lokacija pode\u0161en Inter-Switch Link: SAN-switch Fabric A OST je povezan sa SAN-switch-om Fabric A NORD, sli\u010dno je i sa SAN-switch-ima Fabric B. <\/p>\n<p>I da bi sve ove slo\u017eene radnje SAN-fabrika imale smisla, izme\u0111u dva SAN-a je postavljena Active-Active replikacija: informacije se prakti\u010dno istovremeno snimaju na lokalni i udaljeni SAN, RPO=0. Tako da se na jednom SAN-u \u010duva original podataka, a na drugom \u2013 njihova replika. Podaci se replikacijom prenose na nivou volumena SAN-a, a na njima se \u010duvaju podaci VM (njeni diskovi, konfiguracijska datoteka, swap-datoteka itd.). <\/p>\n<p>ESXi host vidi osnovni volumen i njegovu repliku kao jedan ure\u0111aj za skladi\u0161tenje (Storage Device). Od ESXi hosta do svakog skladi\u0161nog ure\u0111aja vode 24 puta:<\/p>\n<p>12 puteva povezuje ga s lokalnim SAN-om (optimalni putevi), a ostalih 12 \u2013 sa udaljenim (neoptimalni putevi). U normalnoj situaciji ESXi se obra\u0107a podacima na lokalnom SAN-u, koriste\u0107i \u201coptimalne\u201d puteve. Kada otka\u017ee ovaj SAN, ESXi gubi optimalne puteve i prelazi na \u201cneoptimalne\u201d. Ovako to izgleda na shemi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e2b61eb8b9db4b882a6d20c0abf9fc4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Shema katastrofootpornog klastera.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Sve klijentske mre\u017ee su povezane na obe lokacije kroz zajedni\u010dku mre\u017enu fabriku. Na svakoj lokaciji radi Provider Edge (PE), na kojem se terminiraju mre\u017ee klijenta. PE su povezani u zajedni\u010dki klaster. Kada PE na jednoj lokaciji otka\u017ee, sav saobra\u0107aj se preusmerava na drugu lokaciju. Zahvaljuju\u0107i tome, virtuelne ma\u0161ine sa lokacije koja je ostala bez PE ostaju dostupne putem mre\u017ee za klijenta. <\/p>\n<p>Hajde da sada pogledamo \u0161ta \u0107e se de\u0161avati sa virtuelnim ma\u0161inama klijenta u slu\u010daju razli\u010ditih otkaza. Po\u010dinjemo sa najlak\u0161im slu\u010dajevima i zavr\u0161avamo sa najte\u017eim \u2013 otkazom cele lokacije. U primerima \u0107e osnovna lokacija biti OST, a rezervna, sa replikama podataka, \u2013 NORD.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160ta se de\u0161ava sa virtuelnom ma\u0161inom klijenta ako\u2026 <\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Otkazuje Replication Link.<\/b> Replikacija izme\u0111u SAN-ova dvaju lokacija prestaje.<br \/>\nESXi bodo delovali samo z lokalnimi diski (po optimalnih poteh). <br \/>\nVirtualne naprave \u0161e naprej delujejo.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c15c34e54cb456011f3155b30cbe1063.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Povezava ISL (Inter-Switch Link) je prekinjena.<\/b> \u0160e zdale\u010d ni verjetno. Razen \u010de kak\u0161en norec z buldo\u017eerjem prekopa ve\u010d opti\u010dnih poti hkrati, ki potekajo po neodvisnih poteh in so pripeljane na lokacije preko razli\u010dnih vhodov. V tem primeru ESXi gostitelji izgubijo polovico poti in lahko dostopajo le do svojih lokalnih shranjevalnih sistemov. Replike se zbirajo, toda gostitelji ne bodo mogli dostopati do njih. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne naprave delujejo normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c6c1b8b4972cd90cdb639fffe623bc1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SAN stikalo na eni lokaciji je odpovedalo.<\/b> ESXi gostitelji izgubljajo del poti do shranjevalnih sistemov. V tem primeru bodo gostitelji na tisti lokaciji, kjer je stikalo odpovedalo, delovali le preko enega svojega HBA. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne naprave ob tem \u0161e naprej delujejo normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3325765d426751e8717af20f7f122b90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Vsa SAN stikala na eni lokaciji odpovedujejo.<\/b> Recimo, da se ta te\u017eava zgodi na lokaciji OST. V tem primeru bodo ESXi gostitelji na tej lokaciji izgubili vse poti do svojih diskovnih naprav. Vklju\u010duje se standardni mehanizem VMware vSphere HA: ponovno bo zagnal vse virtualne naprave na lokaciji OST v NORD-u najve\u010d po 140 sekundah. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne naprave, ki delujejo na gostiteljih lokacije NORD, delujejo normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c7a129691cd4d6c161e165fd55607206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>ESXi gostitelj na eni lokaciji odpove. <\/b>Tukaj se ponovno aktivira mehanizem vSphere HA: virtualne naprave s odpovedanim gostiteljem se ponovno za\u017eenejo na drugih gostiteljih \u2013 na isti ali oddaljeni lokaciji. \u010cas ponovnega zagona virtualne naprave je do 1 minute. <\/p>\n<p>\u010ce vsi ESXi gostitelji na lokaciji OST odpovejo, ni ve\u010d mo\u017enosti: VM se ponovno za\u017eene na drugi. \u010cas ponovnega zagona je enak. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c00fb5078e0c4df1461187d8896670a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SHD na eni lokaciji odpove.<\/b> Predpostavimo, da je SHD na lokaciji OST odpovedal. Takrat se ESXi gostitelji lokacije OST preklopijo na delovanje z replikami SHD v NORD-u. Po tem, ko se okvarjena SHD vrne v obratovanje, pride do prisilne replikacije, ESXi gostitelji OST pa se ponovno za\u010dnejo povezovati z lokalno SHD. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne naprave vso to \u010das delujejo normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/87f7e1d012886d963f020768864154a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Ena izmed lokacij odpove.<\/b> V tem primeru se vse virtualne naprave ponovno za\u017eenejo na rezervni lokaciji preko mehanizma vSphere HA. \u010cas ponovnega zagona VM je 140 sekund. Pri tem vse omre\u017ene nastavitve virtualne naprave ostanejo shranjene, in ostaja dostopna za odjemalca po omre\u017eju.<\/p>\n<p>Da bi se ponovni pokret ma\u0161ine na rezervnoj lokaciji odvijao bez problema, svaka lokacija je ispunjena samo napola. Druga polovina slu\u017ei kao rezervni kapacitet u slu\u010daju premje\u0161tanja svih virtuelnih ma\u0161ina sa druge, o\u0161te\u0107ene, lokacije.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katerostrofno odporen oblak: kako to deluje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/62cad7aaf5043f6879dc4a6cbb7b35bb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTo su odbijanja od kojih \u0161titi katastrofno otpornije oblak baze dva data centra. <\/p>\n<p>Ovo zadovoljstvo nije jeftino, jer pored osnovnih resursa, potrebno je imati rezervu na drugoj lokaciji. Stoga se u ovakvom oblaku postavljaju poslovno kriti\u010dne usluge, \u010dije dugotrajno nezadovoljstvo nosi velike finansijske i reputacione gubitke, ili kada su na informacijski sistem postavljeni zahtevi za katastrofnu otpornost od strane regulatore ili unutra\u0161njih propisa kompanije.<\/p>\n<p><b>Viri:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf\">www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides\">support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/486186\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 (\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u2013 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e). \u0421\u0425\u0414 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 OST. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b Cisco [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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