{"id":41014,"date":"2020-02-05T10:07:45","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T07:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-31"},"modified":"2020-02-05T10:07:45","modified_gmt":"2020-02-05T07:07:45","slug":"vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-31","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-31","title":{"rendered":"Izlazak sistemske biblioteke Glibc 2.31","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po \u0161estih mesecih razvoja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sourceware.org\/ml\/libc-alpha\/2020-02\/msg00010.html\">objavljen<\/a><\/noindex> izdaja sistemske biblioteke <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/ftp.gnu.org\/gnu\/glibc\/\">GNU C Library<\/a><\/noindex> (glibc) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sourceware.org\/glibc\/wiki\/Release\/2.31\">2.31<\/a><\/noindex>, ki v celoti ustreza zahtevam standardov ISO C11 in POSIX.1-2008. Nova razli\u010dica vklju\u010duje popravke 58 razvijalcev. <\/p>\n<p>Izpeljanih v Glibc 2.31 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sourceware.org\/git\/?p=glibc.git;a=blob_plain;f=NEWS;hb=HEAD\">pobolj\u0161anja<\/a><\/noindex> lahko izpostavimo:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je makro _ISOC2X_SOURCE za vklju\u010ditev zmo\u017enosti, dolo\u010denih v osnutku prihodnjega standarda ISO <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C2x\">C2X<\/a><\/noindex>. Ta mo\u017enost je tudi vklju\u010dena pri uporabi makra _GNU_SOURCE ali pri sestavljanju z gcc z zastavico &#171;-std=gnu2x&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Za nekatere funkcije, dolo\u010dene v datoteki z glavo &#171;math.h&#187;, ki zaokro\u017eijo svoje rezultate na tip z manj\u0161imi dimenzijami, so v datoteki &#171;tgmath.h&#187; vklju\u010deni ustrezni makri splo\u0161nega tipa, kot to zahtevajo specifikacije TS 18661-1:2014 in TS 18661-3:2015;\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je funkcija pthread_clockjoin_np(), ki \u010daka na zaklju\u010dek niti ob upo\u0161tevanju \u010dasovne omejitve (\u010de \u010dasovna omejitev pote\u010de pred koncem, funkcija vrne napako). V nasprotju z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/3\/pthread_timedjoin_np\">pthread_timedjoin_np()<\/a><\/noindex>, v pthread_clockjoin_np() je dovoljeno dolo\u010diti tip \u010dasovnika za izra\u010dun \u010dasovne omejitve \u2014 CLOCK_MONOTONIC (uporablja \u010das, pre\u017eivet v mirovanju sistema) ali CLOCK_REALTIME;\n<li class=\"l\"> V DNS-rezolver je dodana podpora za mo\u017enost trust-ad v \/etc\/resolv.conf in zastavico RES_TRUSTAD v _res.options, s katerima se v DNS-poizvedbah izvaja prenos DNSSEC-zastavice <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc3655\">AD<\/a><\/noindex> (overjeni podatki). V tem na\u010dinu ustrezna zastavica AD, ki jo nastavi stre\u017enik, postane dostopna aplikacijam, ki kli\u010dejo funkcije, podobne res_search(). Privzeto, \u010de predlagane mo\u017enosti niso nastavljene, glibc v poizvedbah ne navaja zastavice AD in jo samodejno izbri\u0161e v odgovorih, kar pomeni, da DNSSEC ni bil preverjen;\n<li class=\"l\"> Za gradnjo delujo\u010dih ovojnic sistemskih klicev za Glibc zdaj ni potrebno namestiti glavni datotek. Iznimka je 64-bitna arhitektura RISC-V;\n<li class=\"l\"> Odpravljena <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugzilla.redhat.com\/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-19126\">ranljivost<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/CVE-2019-19126\">CVE-2019-19126<\/a><\/noindex>, ki omogo\u010da obhod za\u0161\u010dite<br \/>\nASLR v programih s zastavico setuid in dolo\u010ditev razporeditve naslovov v nalo\u017eenih knji\u017enicah preko manipulacije z okoljsko spremenljivko LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Spremembe, ki kr\u0161ijo zdru\u017eljivost:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V totalorder(), totalordermag() in podobne funkcije za druge plavajo\u010de tipe zdaj sprejemajo kot argument kazalce, da se prepre\u010dijo opozorila o preoblikovanju vrednosti v stanju <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NaN\">NaN<\/a><\/noindex>, v skladu s smernicami TS 18661-1, predlaganimi za prihodnji standard C2X.<br \/>\nObstoje\u010di izvr\u0161ni fajlovi, u kojima se argumenti sa pokretnom ta\u010dkom prenose direktno, nastavi\u0107e da rade bez promena;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Davno objavljena zastarela funkcija stime sada nije dostupna za binarne fajlove povezane sa glibc, a njena definicija je uklonjena iz time.h. Za postavljanje sistemskog vremena trebalo bi koristiti funkciju clock_settime. U budu\u0107nosti se planira uklanjanje i oznake kao zastarele funkcije ftime, kao i header fajla sys\/timeb.h (umesto ftime treba koristiti gettimeofday ili clock_gettime);\n<li class=\"l\"> Funkcija gettimeofday sedaj ne prena\u0161a ve\u010d informacij o splo\u0161nem sistemskem \u010dasovnem pasu (ta mo\u017enost je bila aktualna v \u010dasih 4.2-BSD in je bila \u017ee dolgo ozna\u010dena kot zastarela). V argumentu &#8216;tzp&#8217; je zdaj treba posredovati ni\u010delni kazalec, za pridobitev informacij o \u010dasovnem pasu glede na trenutno vreme pa uporabiti funkcijo localtime(). Pri klicu gettimeofday z nenicelnim argumentom &#8216;tzp&#8217; bodo vrnjena prazna polja tz_minuteswest in tz_dsttime v strukturi timezone. Sama funkcija gettimeofday je bila v POSIX ozna\u010dena kot zastarela (namesto gettimeofday se priporo\u010da uporaba clock_gettime), vendar je na\u010drtovana, da ne bo odstranjena iz glibc;\n<li class=\"l\"> U settimeofday je prestala podr\u0161ka za simultano preno\u0161enje parametara za postavljanje vremena i ispravku vremenske razlike. Kada se poziva settimeofday, jedan od argumenata (vreme ili pomeraj) sada mora biti postavljen na null, ina\u010de \u0107e poziv funkcije zavr\u0161iti gre\u0161kom EINVAL. Kao i gettimeofday, funkcija settimeofday se smatra zastarjelom u POSIX i preporu\u010duje se kori\u0161\u0107enje funkcije clock_settime ili porodice funkcija adjtime;\n<li class=\"l\"> Prekid podr\u0161ke za arhitekturu SPARC ISA v7 (podr\u0161ka za v8 ostaje, ali samo za procesore koji podr\u017eavaju CAS instrukcije, kao \u0161to su LEON procesori, ali ne i SuperSPARC procesori).\n<li class=\"l\"> V primeru napake pri povezovanju v na\u010dinu &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/cd\/E23824_01\/html\/819-0690\/chapter3-7.html\">lazy<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, pri katerem linker ne i\u0161\u010de simbolov funkcije do prvega klica te funkcije, funkcija dlopen zdaj prisilno kon\u010da izvr\u0161evanje procesa (prej se je pri napaki vrnil NULL);\n<li class=\"l\"> Za ABI MIPS hard-float se zdaj uporablja izvr\u0161ni sklad, razen \u010de je pri sestavljanju izrecno dolo\u010dena omejitev za uporabo jedra Linux 4.8+ preko parameter &#171;&#8212;enable-kernel=4.8.0&#187; (z jedri do 4.8 so opa\u017eene napake za nekatere konfiguracije MIPS);\n<li class=\"l\"> Obvestila o sistemskih klicih, povezanih z manipulacijo \u010dasa, so bila prenesena na uporabo sistemskega klica time64, kadar je na voljo (na 32-bitnih sistemih glibc najprej posku\u0161a uporabiti nove sistemske klice, ki manipulirajo z 64-bitnim tipom za \u010das, in \u010de ti niso na voljo, se vrne na stare 32-bitne klice).\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52293\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 GNU C Library (glibc) 2.31, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 ISO C11 \u0438 POSIX.1-2008. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 58 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Glibc 2.31 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441 _ISOC2X_SOURCE \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 ISO C2X. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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