{"id":42166,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:59","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:59","slug":"ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka","title":{"rendered":"Economics and Human Rights","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Po mneniyu dekana ekonomicheskogo fakul'teta MGIMO Aleksandra Auzana, v period krizisov vozrastaet rol' i aktivnost' \"institutsional'nykh\" ekonomistov. T.e. ekonomistov, kotorye smotryat na problemu shiroko. Potom im na smenu prihodit \"meinstrimnyy\" ekonomisty, khorosho rassmatrivayushchie i rasschitayushchie uzkie, tochchnye problemy. <\/p>\n

Zadacha \"institutsional'nykh\" ekonomistov opredelit' obshchie printsipy, vektory i tendentsii, kotorye mogut privesti k ekonomicheskomu rostu. Nayti svoeobraznuyu \"tochku otchota\", \"tochku opory\", kotoraya soglasno Arkhimedu pozvolit \"perevernut' mir\".<\/p>\n

\"Economics
\n
\nS odnoi storony za tochku otchota v ekonomike dolgoe vremya prihvatili \"Bagat'stvo narodov\" po Adamu Smitu. V sovremennoy nauke eta tochka preobrazovalas' v VVP \u2014 Valovoy Vnutrenniy Produkt.<\/p>\n

S drugoy storony, tochkoy otchota v monetarizme (Mil'ton Fridman) i avstryskoy ekonomicheskoy shkole (Lyudvig fon Mizes, Fridrik fon Hayek) yavlyaetsya svoboda. Ekonomicheskaya i politicheskaya svoboda.<\/p>\n

Tret'ey modnoy tochkoy otchota v nastoyashchee vremya yavlyaetsya ponyatie \"Mezhdunarodnyy indeks schast'ya\".<\/p>\n

Takoim obrazom, yedinoy tochki otchota seychas net.<\/p>\n

Tem ne menee, etu tochku mozhno obnaruzhit', yesli proanalizirovat' osnovnye printsipy postroyeniya sovremennogo postindustrial'nogo demokraticheskogo obshchestva. Yesli ponyat', chto obshchego u perechislennykh modeley. Gde ikh obshchaya otpravna tochka.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSovremennaya ekonomicheskaya sistema, kak i sovremennaya demokraticheskaya sistema, sozdany ne sami dlya sebya. Oni sozdany dlya lyudey. A znachit ne chelovek dlya gosudarstva, a gosudarstvo dlya cheloveka. Zakony ne dlya ogranicheniya svobod cheloveka, a dlya obespecheniya soblyudeniya prav i svobod kazhdogo cheloveka, dlya uvelicheniya schast'ya i bogatstva kazhdogo cheloveka. Znachit vazhen ne VVP, a bogatstvo kazhdogo otdelnogo cheloveka.<\/p>\n

Gosudarstva sostoyat iz lyudey. Net lyudey \u2014 net i gosudarstva. Bednye lyudi \u2014 eto bednoye gosudarstvo. <\/p>\n

Bogat'stvo, schast'ye, svobody cheloveka \u2014 eto oblast' soblyudeniya ego prav.<\/p>\n

Takim obrazom, obshchaya ob'yedinyayushchaya tochka v ekonomicheskikh i politicheskikh rassuzhdeniyakh i teoriyakh nakhoditsya v oblasti prav cheloveka.<\/p>\n

I yesli prava cheloveka soblyudayutsya v polnoy mere, to voznikayet schast'ye, \"bogat'stvo narodov\", rost VVP strany, voznikayut ekonomicheskie svobody.<\/p>\n

Kaj so \u010dlovekove pravice? Obstaja \u00bbSplo\u0161na deklaracija \u010dlovekovih pravic\u00ab. Lahko jo vzamemo kot podlago, \u010deprav se mi zdi, da mnoge dolo\u010dbe te deklaracije ne zagotavljajo povsem \u010dlovekovih pravic in svobo\u0161\u010din. Vendar je to \u0161e vedno bolje kot ni\u010d.<\/p>\n

Lahko se tudi opiramo na besede Thomasa Jeffersona iz Deklaracije neodvisnosti ZDA, da \u00bbso vsi ljudje rojeni enaki in obdarjeni s strani svojega Stvarnika z dolo\u010denimi neodtujljivimi pravicami, med katerimi so pravica do \u017eivljenja, svobode in prizadevanja za sre\u010do\u00ab. <\/p>\n

Te besede so veliko \u0161ir\u0161e od dolo\u010db deklaracije \u010dlovekovih pravic in se mi zdijo natan\u010dnej\u0161e.<\/p>\n

\u010ce vzamemo \u010dlovekove pravice kot izhodi\u0161\u010de, bodo odgovori na mnoge pere\u010de vpra\u0161anja sodobne ekonomije postali o\u010ditni. In postalo bo jasno, v katero smer jih razre\u0161evati, kak\u0161en naj bo vektor re\u0161evanja teh vpra\u0161anj, v polnem skladu s skrbi za BDP, ekonomske svobo\u0161\u010dine, sre\u010do \u010dloveka in 'bogatstvo narodov'.<\/p>\n

Na primer, pravica do \u017eivljenja pomeni pravico do za\u0161\u010dite \u017eivljenja in zdravja ter pravice do smrti. Iz tega sledi potreba po legalizaciji prodaje oro\u017eja za samoobrambo, legalizaciji evtanazije, poenostavitvi in celo odpravi certifikacije zdravil, zdravstvenih ustanov, receptov itd. (glej Milton Friedman 'Svoboda izbire' o FDA). \u010clovek mora imeti pravico, da samostojno in svobodno izbere, kako in pri kom se zdravi. Kako za\u0161\u010dititi svoje \u017eivljenje in zdravje. Svobodno izbrati zdrav na\u010din \u017eivljenja ali smrt od zakonitih toba\u010dnih izdelkov, britvic, vrvic ali alkohola, in nezakonitih (v nekaterih dr\u017eavah) substanc, pi\u0161tol, evtanazije.
\nDrug primer. Pravica do dela vklju\u010duje tudi legalizacijo prostitucije, kar bo ljudem tega poklica prav tako zagotovilo pravico do \u017eivljenja in zdravja. Enako splo\u0161no pravico do dela, pravico do svobode gibanja zahteva maksimalno omilitev migracijske zakonodaje.<\/p>\n

\"Economics
\n
\nAli ti pravice in svobo\u0161\u010dine povezujejo z bogastvom narodov in rasti BDP? Nedvomno. Legalizacija oro\u017eja za samopomo\u010d, prostitucije, imigracije ter odprava certificiranja in licenciranja zmanj\u0161ujejo prora\u010dunske stro\u0161ke za policijo in druge slu\u017ebe, kar pomeni prihranek davkopla\u010devalskih sredstev. Zmanj\u0161anje prora\u010dunskih stro\u0161kov omogo\u010da zni\u017eanje davkov in tako naredi vsakega davkopla\u010devalca bogatej\u0161ega in sre\u010dnej\u0161ega.* <\/p>\n

Legalizacija naredi \u0161tevilne posle in dohodke zakonite, kar vodi do zmanj\u0161anja kriminalnih sredstev in spodjeda gospodarske temelje kriminala. Kar pomeni zmanj\u0161anje prora\u010dunskih stro\u0161kov.*<\/p>\n

Bolje, legalizacija dela ljudi v skladu z zakonom in kot davkopla\u010devalci, kar pove\u010duje BDP in prora\u010dunske prihodke.*<\/p>\n

Na koncu so ljudje bogati in sre\u010dni, BDP nara\u0161\u010da, prora\u010dunski prihodki rastejo, kar se pretvori v dodatne koristi za ljudi, na primer v obliki brezpogojnega dohodka.<\/p>\n

Tako bi moral biti izhodi\u0161\u010dni parameter v sodobni ekonomiji popolno spo\u0161tovanje \u010dlovekovih pravic. Spo\u0161tovanje \u010dlovekovih pravic je temelj rasti BDP in 'bogastva narodov'.<\/p>\n

Ob popolnem spo\u0161tovanju \u010dlovekovih pravic pridobijo vsi subjekti ekonomije. Zato so \u010dlovekove pravice osnovna izhodi\u0161\u010dna to\u010dka za sodobno ekonomijo.<\/p>\n

* Podrobna argumentacija teh trditev je predstavljena v knjigi 'Ekonomija in \u010dlovekove pravice'
\nKnjigo si lahko brezpla\u010dno prenesete<\/b> v PDF<\/a><\/noindex>, v FB2<\/a><\/noindex> ili v EPUB<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nV formatih FB2 in EPUB (za tabli\u010dne ra\u010dunalnike, pametne telefone, elektronske knjige) se prenos izvaja v ozadju, medtem ko se PDF odpre v istem oknu (kar pomeni, da zapre stran Habr).<\/p>\n

Spo\u0161tovani bralci<\/b>, prosim vas, da se spomnite, da je 'stil polemike pomembnej\u0161i od samega predmeta polemike. Predmeti se spreminjajo, medtem ko stil ustvarja civilizacijo.' (Grigorij Pomerancev). \u010ce na va\u0161 komentar nisem odgovoril, potem je nekaj narobe s stilom va\u0161e polemike.<\/p>\n

Dopuna.<\/b>
\nIzvinjavam se svima koji su pisali smisleni komentar, a ja nisam odgovorio. Naime, neko od korisnika se potrudilo da lajkuje moje komentare. Svaki. \u010cim se pojavi. To mi ote\u017eava da skupim \"energiju\" i da postavim plus u karmu i za odgovor onima koji pi\u0161u smisleni komentar.
\nAli ako ipak \u017eelite dobiti odgovor i razgovarati o \u010dlanku, mo\u017eete mi pisati direktnu poruku. Na njih odgovaram.<\/p>\n

Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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