{"id":53040,"date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yazykovye-sloi"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:54","slug":"yazykovye-sloi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi","title":{"rendered":"Jezikovni sloji","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hello, Habr!<\/p>\n<p>Predstavljam vam prevod \u010dlanka \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwFe2\">Jezikovni slojevi<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c autora Roberta C. Martina (Uncle Bob).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jezikovni sloji\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7443f8be2481982b85afe6f8368a9e81.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nProvodim vreme igraju\u0107i staru igru \u201eLunar Lander\u201d iz 1969. godine. Napisa\u043e ju je Jim Storer, srednjo\u0161kolac. Napisa\u043e je to na PDP-8 na jeziku FOCAL. Evo kako izgleda program: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jezikovni sloji\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/44821c373bf1285cf7085306e194cc14.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA evo izvornog koda na FOCAL-u:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jezikovni sloji\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/bcde722861952deb2e7e8e3f7064c992.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJim Storer je bio prili\u010dno talentovan srednjo\u0161kolac. Pogledaj ovaj kod. Ima prili\u010dno zanimljive Taylorove izraze. <\/p>\n<p>U su\u0161tini, obavljam binarno pretra\u017eivanje da odredim vrednost K koja \u0107e savr\u0161eno sleteti brod pri ponovljenom kori\u0161\u0107enju. Zbog toga sam promenijo program tako da prihvata samo jednu vrednost, a zatim je primenjuje nekoliko puta dok se brod ne sleti ili se ne slomi. Dok ovo pi\u0161em, znam da se odgovor nalazi izme\u0111u 76.40625 i 76.4453125, i probat \u0107u 76.4257813. Po\u010dnem da mislim da \u0107e mi vreme iscuriti pre nego \u0161to na\u0111em odgovor. <\/p>\n<p>U me\u0111uvremenu, palo mi je na pamet da sam pokrenuo ovaj program na emulatoru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGvr\">PDP-8<\/a><\/noindex>, koji sam napisao u Lua za iPad.<\/p>\n<p>Dakle, dobro, hajde da razmislimo o tome.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iPad ima \u010dip <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGxH\">A8X<\/a><\/noindex>, sa tri jezgra koja rade na frekvenciji od jednog gigaherca ili tako ne\u0161to.<\/li>\n<li>Lua je napisan u C i kompajliran je u A8X.<\/li>\n<li>Moj emulator PDP8 je napisan u Lua, koriste\u0107i paket <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGy4\">CODEA<\/a><\/noindex> iz sekcije Two Lives Left.<\/li>\n<li>FOCAL je napisan krajem 1960-ih na PDP8.<\/li>\n<li>Lunar Lander je napisan na FOCAL-u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDakle, to su A8X, C, Lua, PDP8 i FOCAL. To je pet razli\u010ditih jezika. Pet razli\u010ditih mehanizama koji govore ma\u0161ini \u0161ta da radi; svi su slo\u017eeni jedni na druge! <\/p>\n<p>\u0160ta je to? Za\u0161to toliko jezika? Zapravo, zaboravite na iPad, PDP-8, C, Lua i sve ostalo. Za\u0161to toliko jezika? <\/p>\n<p>##\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432? <\/p>\n<p>Razmislite o tome! Koliko programskih jezika mo\u017eete imenovati? Evo, dozvolite mi da vam dam mali spisak:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> FORTRAN<\/li>\n<li> ALGOL<\/li>\n<li> COBOL<\/li>\n<li> SNOBOL<\/li>\n<li> LISP<\/li>\n<li> BCPL<\/li>\n<li> B<\/li>\n<li> C<\/li>\n<li> SIMULA<\/li>\n<li> SMALLTALK<\/li>\n<li> EIFFEL<\/li>\n<li> C++<\/li>\n<li> JAVA<\/li>\n<li> C#<\/li>\n<li> PYTHON<\/li>\n<li> RUBY<\/li>\n<li> LOGO<\/li>\n<li> LUA<\/li>\n<li> BASIC<\/li>\n<li> PL\/1<\/li>\n<li> JAVASCRIPT<\/li>\n<li> GO<\/li>\n<li> DART<\/li>\n<li> PROLOG<\/li>\n<li> FORTH<\/li>\n<li> SWIFT<\/li>\n<li> ML<\/li>\n<li> OCCAM<\/li>\n<li> OCAML<\/li>\n<li> ADA<\/li>\n<li> ERLANG<\/li>\n<li> ELIXIR<\/li>\n<li> FOCAL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNaravno, mo\u017eete razmi\u0161ljati o drugima koje nisam spomenuo. Pitanje je, za\u0161to ih ima toliko? Na ovo pitanje zapravo mo\u017ee postojati samo jedan odgovor. Razlog zbog kojeg postoji toliko ra\u010dunalnih jezika je: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Ne svi\u0111aju nam se.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nPa, mo\u017eda je to previ\u0161e sna\u017ena izjava. Mo\u017eda bih trebao re\u0107i: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Bili smo u Holivudu.<br \/>\n Bili smo u Redwood-u.<br \/>\n Pre\u0161li smo okean radi zlatnog koda.<br \/>\n Bili smo u svom umu,<br \/>\n To je tako tanka granica.<br \/>\n To nas podobaja, da i\u0161\u010demo zlato kodo.<\/p>\n<p> In staramo se.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> V redu, morda bi moral govoriti le zase\u2026 Ali nisi \u017eelel samo zakri\u010dati na Neila Younga, da neha to\u017eiti, najde kak\u0161no lepo dekle in \u017eivi z njo? Ali mu nisi \u017eelel povedati, da so iskanja zlatega srca brez pomena? Povej, kaj bi z njim naredil, \u010de bi ga na\u0161el? <\/p>\n<p>In kaj bi naredili z idealnim jezikom, \u010de bi ga na\u0161li?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Ustvarili smo emulatorje PDP-8 in FOCAL, da bi igrali \u00bbLunar Lander\u00ab, ki ga je napisal dijak srednje \u0161ole leta 1969!<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <b>To je tisto, kar mislim.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sprijaznite se s tem. Nehamo s iskanjem. Ni nobenega idealnega jezika. Iskali smo povsod. Gledali smo zgoraj in spodaj. Gledali smo znotraj in zunaj.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Pogleli smo jezike z obeh strani.<br \/>\n Znotraj in zunaj<br \/>\n in \u0161e vedno tako ali tako.<br \/>\n Spomnimo se, da so to jezikovne iluzije.<\/p>\n<p>Resni\u010dno ne razumemo ni\u010desar o jezikih...<br \/>\n... povsem.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Ja, danes je nenavaden dan.<\/p>\n<p>Toda kljub temu je bistvo:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Ne potrebujemo drugega jezika.<br \/>\n Ne potrebujemo vedeti poti domov.<br \/>\n Vse, kar \u017eelimo, je, da gremo onkraj \u017eivljenja.<br \/>\n S.Q.L.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Ja, nenavaden dan.<\/p>\n<p>Torej, ena misel. Morda bi se morali prenehati ustvarjati nove jezike in se preprosto pomiriti ter izbrati enega ali dva, ki sta res dobra. To bi poenostavilo \u017eivljenje, kajne?<\/p>\n<p>In, \u010de vas zanima, 76.43844461 vam daje precej dobro pristajanje pri 2.23 MPH.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/476644\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob). \u042f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443 \u00abLunar Lander\u00bb 1969 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PDP-8 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 FOCAL. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 FOCAL: \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-21T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Jezikovni sloji | ProHoster","description":"\u017divjo, Habr! 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