{"id":53623,"date":"2019-12-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-05T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/bitva-web-serverov-chast-1-otorvannyj-ot-realnosti-http"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:33","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:33","slug":"bitva-web-serverov-chast-1-otorvannyj-ot-realnosti-http","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bitva-web-serverov-chast-1-otorvannyj-ot-realnosti-http","title":{"rendered":"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V tem \u010dlanku se bomo nekoliko preizkusili v obratnem in\u017eenirstvu, lahko bi rekli. Pogledali bomo s svojimi umazanimi rokami pod pokrov vsakega od spletnih stre\u017enikov in jih izkori\u0161\u010dali tako, kot jih nih\u010de nikoli ne bi izkoristil.<\/p>\n<p>Ta test je kot meritev sfere konja v vakuumu, gre le za podatke, ki so bili pridobljeni, in zdaj ne vemo, kaj naj naredimo z njimi.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ultravds\/blog\/478854\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3a7956c368c3ba63ef6373674804acaa.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Metodika<\/h2>\n<p>\nKot operacijska sistem za Nginx in Apache deluje Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, za IIS pa Windows Server Core 2019. Vse operacijske sisteme so pred testi prejele najnovej\u0161e posodobitve na stanje 04.12.2019.<\/p>\n<p>Testi so bili izvedeni izklju\u010dno po HTTP. Na vsakem od spletnih stre\u017enikov se je vrtela enaka stran, brezpla\u010den predloga za Jekyll od Codrops. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tympanus.net\/codrops\/2018\/04\/20\/freebie-oasis-jekyll-website-template\/\">Link<\/a><\/noindex>. Na vsakem od spletnih stre\u017enikov je bilo izklopljeno gzip stiskanje.<\/p>\n<p>Test prepustnosti je bil izveden s Httpd-tools z argumenti:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">ab -n 50000 -c 500 http:\/\/192.168.76.204:80\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNa stre\u017enike je bil name\u0161\u010den limit 10, 5 in 1 odstotek od jedra na 8, 4 in enem jedru. Kot testno stojalo je bil ra\u010dunalnik z 9900K@5400MHz, kar pomeni, da stre\u017enik, ki je dobil omejitev 10%, prejme okoli 540MHz na jedro.<\/p>\n<p>Test TTFB je bil izveden ob prvem nalaganju stre\u017enika in izmerjen s pomo\u010djo DevTools, po pridobitvi rezultata je bil stre\u017enik izklopljen in vrnjen na prej\u0161njo to\u010dko nadzora, da bi se izognili kakr\u0161nim koli predpomnjenjem.<\/p>\n<p>Testiralec in spletni stre\u017enik sta bila na istem gostitelju in na istem virtualnem stikalu.<\/p>\n<p>Za takoj\u0161njo oceno diskovne podsystems smo zabele\u017eili rezultate benchmarka ATTO in CrystalDiskMark, da bi imeli predstavo o ozkih grlih.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Podatki so bili zbrani z virtualnega ra\u010dunalnika:<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c2a464331084fc9abc85c78801d6fdcd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a991f1269577e0d518d9d8d7e8781504.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a016306c7758bcb9552543ce9b650821.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/14d0219d1316ea478d65106658e0da73.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Rezultati:<\/h2>\n<p>\nTTFB:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/49a5364dae59253537c31b128472c018.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Povpre\u010dni TTFB pri IIS je najmanj\u0161i, 0,5ms, v primerjavi z 1,4ms pri Apache in 4ms pri Nginx.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>dogodki\/s (eps): 836.6908<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Najprej bomo pogledali, kako dobro se vsak od stre\u017enikov skalira glede na \u0161tevilo jeder.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/9f6f221213d37a9349eac889ad6a1c86.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNa grafu je prikazano \u0161tevilo zahtevkov testera do spletnega stre\u017enika in latenca. Na grafu je vidno, da je NGINX obdelal 98% vseh zahtevkov, saj je stran dostavil v 20ms ali manj. IIS in Apache sta v zadnjih 5% vseh zahtevkov obdelala v 76ms in 14ms.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/903b294d00e5c7b65cf0380c012e1a24.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6a0822bb8261a40514fa899a0eb33145.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e66a72b5c84a70867085f6967dc58f51.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNa grafu je prikazano povpre\u010dno \u010dasovno trajanje obdelave enega zahtevka med stres testom.<\/p>\n<p>Kot je razvidno iz grafikonov, je IIS zaostajal tako za Apache kot Nginx, se mo\u010dno upo\u010dasnil pod visoko obremenitvijo.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>IIS je o\u010ditno dal prednost 4 jedrom pred osmimi, saj je pokazal manj\u0161e zamude pri \u0161tirih, vendar tudi ni bil preve\u010d naklonjen enemu jedru.<\/p>\n<p>NGINX se odli\u010dno skalira na vseh 8 jeder, medtem ko se za Apache zdi, da je enojedrni scenarij najbolj\u0161a izbira.<\/p>\n<h2>Skalabilnost:<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Nginx:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sedaj bomo preu\u010dili skalabilnost glede na frekvenco in \u0161tevilo jeder.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/526bc9786e458b40d8831d46a7773ada.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTesti z omejitvijo 1 % na 4 in 1 jedru Nginx niso uspeli, saj je pri 2000 zahtevkih prekinil povezavo s testerjem.<\/p>\n<p><b>Apache:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/be0862743523ff3dc334904987922b86.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nApache, tako kot Nginx, je obdelal 2500 zahtevkov in nato obupal ter prekinil povezavo. Apache ni uspe\u0161no prestal testa na 8, 4 in 1 jedru z omejitvijo 1 %, poleg tega pa ni uspe\u0161no prestal niti testa pri 5 % omejitvi na enem jedru, kar je slab\u0161e kot Nginx.<\/p>\n<p><b>IIS:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d16bfc3ad3bcae98c8d37cc7b34d5fe9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIIS je med testiranjem nabral ogromno \u010dakalno vrsto zahtevkov, a je vsak izmed njih obdelal. Zdi se, da v osnovi nima nastavljenih \u010dasovnih omejitev za obdelavo zahtevkov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ee9f7af9f881c15a165b1b68eb4950d6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV diagramu je prikazan \u010das, v katerem je bil test kon\u010dan. Povsem absurdne konfiguracije testiranja so bile izlo\u010dene. Iz diagrama je razvidno, koliko resursov zahteva IIS in kako odli\u010den je NGINX.<\/p>\n<h2>Skalabilnost iz diska:<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Nginx:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sedaj bomo preu\u010dili skalabilnost glede na frekvenco, \u0161tevilo jeder in hitrost diska.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/978b210f1f8bb8b8b4f64b9882385f8c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTokrat Nginx ni prestal 4 testov, namesto dveh.<\/p>\n<p><b>Apache:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eaa85257cd0c15b8184c1094ff070049.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nApache je propadel pri enakem \u0161tevilu testov, kot prej\u0161nji\u010d.<\/p>\n<p><b>IIS:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/553764705cf7fba6e341cc82c4c7f5b6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIIS prikazuje skoraj identi\u010dno grafiko, kot da omejitev na disku sploh ne bi bilo. Na splo\u0161no so se grafi vseh stre\u017enikov malo spremenili, kar pomeni, da je vsak od njih v predpomnilnik shranil statiko in jo od tam posredoval. Tu vidimo glavno ozko grlo \u2013 sam spletni stre\u017enik.<\/p>\n<p>Za dokon\u010dne zaklju\u010dke na podlagi teh testiranj je prezgodaj, \u0161e nismo testirali HTTPS, zgo\u0161\u010devanja in HTTP\/2 z \u017eivim certifikatom od Let\u2019s Encrypt. O tem bomo govorili v naslednjem \u010dlanku.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ultravds.com\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bitka WEB-stre\u017enikov. Del 1 - odtrgan od resni\u010dnosti HTTP:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dd11cfe995504ef694c618e2f9318523.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ultravds\/blog\/478854\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0412 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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