{"id":55018,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Linus Torvalds pojasnil, v \u010dem so problemi z implementacijo ZFS za jedro Linuxa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Med razpravo testov<\/a><\/noindex> planerja nalog, eden od udele\u017eencev razprave je navedel primer, da kljub izjavam o potrebi po ohranjanju zdru\u017eljivosti pri razvoju jedra Linux, so nedavne spremembe v jedru motile pravilno delovanje modula «ZFS na Linuxu<\/a><\/noindex>«. Linus Torvalds je odgovoril<\/a><\/noindex>, da na\u010delo «ne lomiti<\/a><\/noindex> uporabnikov<\/a><\/noindex>» se nana\u0161a na ohranjanje zunanjih vmesnikov jedra, ki jih uporabljajo aplikacije v uporabni\u0161kem prostoru, kot tudi samo jedro. Vendar pa ne zajema lo\u010deno razvijanih zunanjih nadstropij nad jedrom, ki niso vklju\u010dena v osnovno jedro, katerih avtorji morajo na lastno odgovornost spremljati spremembe v jedru.<\/p>\n

Kar zadeva projekt «ZFS on Linux», Linus ni priporo\u010dal uporabe modula zfs zaradi nezdru\u017eljivosti licenc CDDL in GPLv2. Situacija je tak\u0161na, da je zaradi licen\u010dne politike podjetja Oracle mo\u017enost, da bi ZFS nekega dne lahko vstopil v glavno jedro, zelo majhna. Predlagane re\u0161itve za obhod licen\u010dne nezdru\u017eljivosti, ki posredujejo dostop do funkcij jedra za zunanjo kodo, so vpra\u0161ljive - pravniki \u0161e naprej razpravljajo<\/a><\/noindex> o tem, ali reekspor GPL-funkcij jedra preko ovitkov vodi do ustvarjanja izpeljanega dela, ki ga je treba dobaviti pod licenco GPL.<\/p>\n

Edini na\u010din, pri katerem bi Linus sprejel kodo ZFS v glavno jedro, je pridobitev uradnega dovoljenja podjetja Oracle, ki ga potrdi glavni odvetnik, najbolje pa sam Larry Ellison. Prehodne re\u0161itve, kot so plastni med jedrom in kodo ZFS, so nedopustne, ob upo\u0161tevanju agresivne politike Oracle glede intelektualne lastnine na programske vmesnike (kot primer, sporno<\/a><\/noindex> s podjetjem Google glede Java API). Poleg tega Linus meni, da je \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043cljenje k uporabi ZFS le modna muha, ne pa tehni\u010dna prednost. Testi zmogljivosti, ki jih je preu\u010deval Linus, ne nakazujejo na ZFS, odsotnost celovitega vzdr\u017eevanja pa ne zagotavlja stabilnosti na dolgi rok.<\/p>\n

Spomnimo, da se koda ZFS distribuira pod odprto licenco CDDL, ki ni zdru\u017eljiva z GPLv2, kar prepre\u010duje integracijo ZFS on Linux v glavno vejo jedra Linux, saj je me\u0161anje kode pod licencama GPLv2 in CDDL nedovoljeno. Za obhod te licen\u010dne nezdru\u017eljivosti je projekt «ZFS on Linux» sklenil, da bo izdelek v celoti distribuiral pod licenco CDDL v obliki lo\u010deno prenosnega modula, ki se zagotavlja lo\u010deno od jedra. <\/p>\n

Mo\u017enost distribucije kon\u010dnega modula ZFS kot dela distribucij povzro\u010da pravne spore. Odvetniki organizacije Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) menijo<\/a><\/noindex>, da dobava binarnega modula jedra v distribuciji tvori kombiniran izdelek z GPL, kar pomeni zahtevo po distribuciji kon\u010dnega dela pod GPL. Odvetniki podjetja Canonical se ne strinjajo<\/a><\/noindex> in trdijo, da je dobava modula zfs dovoljena, \u010de se komponenta dobavlja kot samostojen modul, lo\u010deno od paketa z jedrom. Canonical opa\u017ea, da distribucije \u017ee dolgo uporabljajo podoben pristop za dobavo proprietary gonilnikov, kot so gonilniki NVIDIA. <\/p>\n

Druga stran odgovarja, da se te\u017eava zdru\u017eljivosti z jedrom pri proprietary gonilnikih re\u0161uje z dobavo majhne plasti, distribuirane pod GPL (v jedro se nalo\u017ei modul pod GPL, ki \u017ee nalo\u017ei proprietary komponente). Za ZFS je tak\u0161no plast mogo\u010de pripraviti le, \u010de podjetje Oracle zagotovi licen\u010dna izjemna pravila. V Oracle Linux se nezdru\u017eljivost z GPL re\u0161uje s tem, da podjetje Oracle zagotovi licen\u010dno izjemo, ki odpravi zahtevo po licenciranju kombiniranega dela pod CDDL, vendar ta izjema ne velja za druge distribucije. <\/p>\n

Obvodna manevra je dobava v distribuciji samo izvornih kod modula, kar ne vodi do vezave in se obravnava kot dobava dveh lo\u010denih izdelkov. V Debianu se za to uporablja sistem DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support), pri katerem se modul dobavlja v izvornih kodah in se sestavi na uporabni\u0161kem sistemu, neposredno po namestitvi paketa.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Linus Torvalds pojasnil, v \u010dem so te\u017eave pri implementaciji ZFS za jedro Linux | ProHoster","description":"V razpravi o testih na\u010drtovalnika opravil je eden od sodelujo\u010dih prinesel 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