{"id":55510,"date":"2020-01-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linux-udalenie-pula-blokirovok-dev-random"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:38","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:38","slug":"linux-udalenie-pula-blokirovok-dev-random","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/linux-udalenie-pula-blokirovok-dev-random","title":{"rendered":"Linux: odstranitev skladi\u0161\u010da zaklepanja \/dev\/random","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kot je znano, ima \/dev\/random, kriptografsko varen generator pseudo naklju\u010dnih \u0161tevil (CSPRNG), eno neprijetno te\u017eavo - blokade. V tem \u010dlanku je opisano, kako jo re\u0161iti. <\/p>\n<p>V zadnjih nekaj mesecih so bile sredstva za generiranje naklju\u010dnih \u0161tevil v jedru rahlo predelane, vendar so se te\u017eave v tej podsistemi re\u0161evale v dalj\u0161em \u010dasovnem okviru. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Kernel\/Index\/#Random_numbers\">Cetin strogo testiranje.<\/a><\/noindex>Najbolj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/802360\/\">novej\u0161e spremembe<\/a><\/noindex> so bile narejene z namenom prepre\u010diti dolgotrajno blokado sistemskega klica getrandom() ob zagonu sistema, vendar je bila vzrok zanj obna\u0161anje blokirnega naklju\u010dnega bazena. Nedavni popravek bi odstranil ta bazen in bilo je pri\u010dakovati, da se bo usmeril v glavno jedro. <\/p>\n<p>Andy Lutomirski je objavil tretjo razli\u010dico popravka koncem decembra. Vna\u0161a <i>\"dve glavni semanti\u010dni spremembi v naklju\u010dnih API-jih Linuxa\".<\/i>Popravek dodaja novo zastavico GRND_INSECURE k sistemskemu klicu getrandom() (\u010deprav se Lutomirski nana\u0161a na to kot getentropy(), ki je implementiran v glibc z getrandom() z dolo\u010denimi zastavicami); ta zastavica prisili klic, da vedno vrne zahtevano koli\u010dino podatkov, brez zagotovila, da so ti podatki naklju\u010dni. Jedro se bo preprosto potrudilo, da bo dalo najbolj\u0161e naklju\u010dne podatke, ki jih ima v tistem trenutku. <i>\"Verjetno je najbolje, da ga imenujemo 'INSECURE'<\/i> (nevaren), da prepre\u010dimo rabo tega API-ja za stvari, ki potrebujejo varnost.\"<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Popravljeni programi tudi odstranijo blokirni bazen. V sedanjosti jedro podpira dva bazena naklju\u010dnih podatkov, eden od teh ustreza \/dev\/random, drugi pa \/dev\/urandom, kot je opisano v tej <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/658497\/\">\u010dlanku<\/a><\/noindex> izvedbi iz leta 2015. Blokirni bazen je bazen za \/dev\/random; branje iz tega napravnega datoteka bo blokirano (kar pomeni njegovo ime), dokler ne bo iz sistema zbranih 'zadostnih' entropij, da zadostimo zahtevku. Nadaljnje branje iz te datoteke je prav tako blokirano, \u010de v bazenu ni dovolj entropij. <\/p>\n<p>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \/dev\/random \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a getrandom() \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c flags \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e (\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 GRND_RANDOM \u0432 noop). \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b (CRNG), \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \/dev\/random \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b getrandom(&#8230;,0) \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n<p>Lutomirski pravi: <i>\u00bbMenim, da je blokirni bazen Linuxa zastarel. CRNG Linux generira izhodne podatke, ki so dovolj dobri, da jih lahko uporabimo celo za generiranje klju\u010dev. Blokirni bazen ni v nobenem materialnem smislu mo\u010dnej\u0161i, njegovo vzdr\u017eevanje pa zahteva veliko infrastrukture dvomljive vrednosti.\u00ab <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Spremembe so bile narejene z namenom, da obstoje\u010di programi ne bi bili resno prizadeti, in v resnici bo te\u017eav z dolgim \u010dakanjem na stvari, kot je generiranje klju\u010dev GnuPG, manj.<\/p>\n<p><i>\u00bbTe serije ne bi smele motiti nobenih obstoje\u010dih programov. \/dev\/urandom ostaja nespremenjen. \/dev\/random \u0161e vedno blokira takoj po zagonu, vendar je blokirana manj kot prej. getentropy() z obstoje\u010dimi zastavicami bo vrnila rezultat, ki bo za prakti\u010dne namene enako primeren kot prej.\u00ab<\/i> <\/p>\n<p>Lutomirski je opozoril, da ostaja odprto vpra\u0161anje, ali naj jedro zagotavlja tako imenovane 'prave naklju\u010dne \u0161tevilke', kar je do neke mere treba storiti, kot je to po\u010delo blokirno jedro. To vidi le iz enega razloga: 'izpolnjevanje dr\u017eavnih standardov'. Lutomirski je predlagal, da \u010de naj jedro to zagotovi, bi bilo potrebno to storiti preko povsem drugega vmesnika ali pa bi bilo treba to prenesti v prostor uporabnika, mu omogo\u010diti pridobivanje neobdelanih vzorcev dogodkov, ki bi jih lahko uporabili za ustvarjanje tak\u0161nega blokirnega bazena. <\/p>\n<p>Stephan M\u00fcller je predlagal, da njegov nabor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/ml\/linux-kernel\/2722222.P16TYeLAVu@positron.chronox.de\/\">popravkov<\/a><\/noindex> Za gener\u00e1tor slu\u010dajnih brojeva Linux (LRNG) (trenutno je objavljena 26. verzija) mo\u017ee biti na\u010din pru\u017eanja pravih slu\u010dajnih brojeva za aplikacije koje to zahtevaju. LRNG \"u potpunosti ispunjava zahteve 'Preporuka o izvorima entropije za generisanje slu\u010dajnih bitova' SP800-90B\", \u0161to ga \u010dini re\u0161enjem za problem dr\u017eavnih standarda. <br \/>\nMetju Garret (Matthew Garrett) je prigovorio na termin 'pravi slu\u010dajni podaci', isti\u010du\u0107i da se odabrani ure\u0111aji u na\u010delu mogu dovoljno precizno modelirati da ih u\u010dine predvidljivima: 'ovde ne biramo kvantne doga\u0111aje.'<\/p>\n<p>Miler je odgovorio da je ovaj termin potekao iz nema\u010dkog standarda AIS 31 za opisivanje generatora slu\u010dajnih brojeva, koji samo daje rezultate 'brzinom kojom osnovni izvor buke proizvodi entropiju.' <\/p>\n<p>Pored neslaganja u terminologiji, prisutnost blokiraju\u0107eg bazena, kao \u0161to sugeriraju zakrpe LRNG, jednostavno \u0107e dovesti do razli\u010ditih problema, bar ako je dostupan bez privilegija. <\/p>\n<p>Kao \u0161to je rekla Lutomirsky: <i>\"To ne re\u0161ava problem. Ako dva razli\u010dita korisnika pokre\u0107u glupe programe, poput gnupg, oni \u0107e se jednostavno iscrpiti me\u0111usobno. Vidim da trenutno postoje dva glavna problema sa \/dev\/random: sklono je DoS-u (tj. iscrpljivanju resursa, malicioznom uticaju ili ne\u010demu sli\u010dnom), i po\u0161to su za njegovu upotrebu potrebne sve privilegije, tako\u0111e je sklono zloupotrebama. Gnupg je pogre\u0161no re\u0161enje, to je potpuni kolaps. Ako dodamo novi neprivilegovan interfejs koji \u0107e koristiti gnupg i sli\u010dni programi, ponovo \u0107emo izgubiti.\"<\/i> <\/p>\n<p>Miler je napomenuo da \u0107e dodavanje getrandom() sada omogu\u0107iti GnuPG-u kori\u0161\u0107enje ovog interfejsa, jer \u0107e obezbediti potrebnu garanciju da je bazen inicijalizovan. Na osnovu diskusija s programerom GnuPG Wernerom Kochom, Miler smatra da je garancija jedini razlog zbog kojeg GnuPG trenutno \u010dita direktno iz \/dev\/random. Ali ako postoji neprivilegovan interfejs koji je podlo\u017ean napadu uskra\u0107ivanja usluga (poput \/dev\/random), prema re\u010dima Lutomirskog, bi\u0107e pogre\u0161no kori\u0161\u0107en od strane nekih aplikacija. <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0426\u0430\u043e (Theodore Yue Tak Ts&#8217;o), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b Linux, \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430. \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e Linux \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b (TRNG): <i>\u00ab\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 *BSD&quot;.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Prav tako ga skrbi, da bi ponudba mehanizma TRNG preprosto slu\u017eila kot mamilo za razvijalce aplikacij in meni, da je dejansko, glede na razli\u010dne vrste strojne opreme, podprte v Linuxu, nemogo\u010de zagotoviti TRNG v jedru. Te\u017eave ne bo re\u0161ila niti mo\u017enost dela s strojno opremo zgolj na osnovi korenskih privilegijev: <i>\u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a root, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u00ab\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043c\u00bb \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c&quot;.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcller je vpra\u0161al, ali se je Tsao morda odpovedal implementaciji blokirnega skladi\u0161\u010da, ki ga je sam predlagal \u017ee pred \u010dasom. Tsao je odgovoril, da namerava vzeti popravke Lutomi\u0161kega in se aktivno proti vra\u010danju blokirnega vmesnika v jedro. <\/p>\n<p><i>\u201eJedro ne more dati nobenih jamstev glede tega, ali je noise source ustrezno ozna\u010den. Edina stvar, ki jo razvijalec GPG ali OpenSSL lahko pridobi, je nejasen ob\u010dutek, da je TRUERANDOM 'bolj\u0161i', in ker \u017eelijo ve\u010djo varnost, se bodo brez dvoma trudili, da ga uporabijo. Na neki to\u010dki bo zaklenjen, in ko ga bo kak drug pameten uporabnik (morda specialist za distribucije) vstavili v init skript in sistemi ne bodo ve\u010d delovali, bodo uporabnikom ostali le prito\u017ebe Linusu Torvaldsu.<\/i> <\/p>\n<p>Tsao se prav tako zavzema za to, da bi kriptografi in tisti, ki dejansko potrebujejo TRNG, imeli mo\u017enost zbirati svojo lastno entropijo v uporabni\u0161kem prostoru, da jo uporabijo po svoji presoji. Pravi, da zbiranje entropije ni proces, ki ga lahko izvaja jedro na vseh podprtih strojnih napravah, poleg tega jedro ne more oceniti koli\u010dine entropije, ki jo zagotavljajo razli\u010dni vir. <\/p>\n<p><i>\u201eJedro ne bi smelo me\u0161ati razli\u010dite izvore \u0161uma, a sigurno ne bi smelo tvrditi da zna koliko bita entropije dobija kada poku\u0161ava da igra neku 'razli\u010ditu igru entropije' na jednostavno pora\u017eavaju\u0107e arhitekturi CPU za korisni\u010dke slu\u010dajeve IOT\/ugra\u0111enih sistema, kada je sve desinkronizovano sa jednim master-generatorom, kada ne postoji nijedna instrukcija CPU za preure\u0111ivanje ili preimenovanje registra itd.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u201eMo\u017ee se govoriti o obezbe\u0111ivanju alata koji poku\u0161avaju da naprave te prora\u010dune, ali takve stvari bi trebalo da se rade na opremi svakog korisnika, \u0161to je za ve\u0107inu korisnika distribucije jednostavno neprakti\u010dno. Ako je to namenjeno samo kriptografima, neka to bude ura\u0111eno u njihovom korisni\u010dkom prostoru. I nemojmo pojednostavljivati GPG, OpenSSL itd., da bi svi govorili: '\u017eelimo \u201epravu slu\u010dajnost\u201c i ne pristajemo na manje'. Mo\u017ee se raspravljati o tome kako obezbe\u0111ujemo interfejse kriptografima tako da mogu da dobiju potrebne informacije zahvaljuju\u0107i pristupu primarnim izvorima \u0161uma, odvojenim i imenovanim, i mo\u017eda da nekim na\u010dinom izvor \u0161uma mo\u017ee da se autentifikuje u biblioteci ili aplikaciji korisni\u010dkog prostora.\u201c<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Bila je mala diskusija o tome kako bi takav interfejs mogao izgledati, jer, na primer, za neka doga\u0111anja mogu postojati posledice u smislu bezbednosti. Cao je ukazao na to da se kodovi skeniranja tastature (tj. pritisci tastera) me\u0161aju u bazen kao deo prikupljanja entropije: \u201ePremestiti ovo u korisni\u010dki prostor, \u010dak i preko privilegovanog sistemskog poziva, bilo bi, najmanje, nepromi\u0161ljeno\u201c. Sasvim je mogu\u0107e da i drugi tajming doga\u0111aja mogu stvoriti neku vrstu curenja informacija kroz sporedne kanale. <\/p>\n<p>Tako nastane ob\u010dutek, da se dolgoletni problem podsistema naklju\u010dnih \u0161tevil Linux po\u010dasi re\u0161uje. Spremembe, ki jih je ta podsistem do\u017eivel v zadnjem \u010dasu, so v resnici povzro\u010dale le te\u017eave z DoS med njegovo uporabo. Zdaj pa so se pojavili u\u010dinkoviti na\u010dini za pridobitev najbolj\u0161ih naklju\u010dnih \u0161tevil, ki jih jedro lahko ponudi. \u010ce pa \u0161e vedno potrebujemo TRNG za Linux, bo to pomanjkljivost potrebno odpraviti v prihodnosti, vendar najverjetneje to ne bo izvedeno znotraj samega jedra. <\/p>\n<h3>Malo reklame \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n<p>\nHvala \u0161to ostajete s nama. Da li vam se svi\u0111aju na\u0161i \u010dlanci? \u017delite li videti vi\u0161e zanimljivih materijala? Podr\u017eite nas tako \u0161to \u0107ete naru\u010diti ili preporu\u010diti prijateljima, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ua-hosting.company\/cloudvps\/nl\">obla\u010dni VPS za programere od $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, <b>jedinstveni ekvivalent entry-level servera koji smo stvorili za vas:<\/b> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/347386\/\">Sve \u0161to treba da znate o VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 jezgara) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps od $19 ili kako pravilno deliti server?<\/a><\/noindex> (options available with RAID1 and RAID10, up to 24 cores and up to 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n<p><b>Dell R730xd je dvostruko jeftiniji u Equinix Tier IV data centru u Amsterdamu?<\/b> Only with us <b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ua-hosting.company\/serversnl\">2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB from $199<\/a><\/noindex> in the Netherlands! <b>Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 from $99!<\/b><\/b> Read about how <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/329618\/\">to build a corporate-class infrastructure using Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 servers costing 9000 euros for pennies?<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/484736\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0443 \/dev\/random, \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b (CSPRNG), \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u2013 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0417\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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V tem \u010dlanku je opisano, kako jo re\u0161iti.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/linux-udalenie-pula-blokirovok-dev-random","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sl_SI","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Linux: \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \/dev\/random | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0443 \/dev\/random, 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