{"id":55648,"date":"2020-01-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/5-fortinet-getting-started-v6-0-nat"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:47","slug":"5-fortinet-getting-started-v6-0-nat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-fortinet-getting-started-v6-0-nat","title":{"rendered":"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3dd26d2febeed131fea341479398e774.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPozdravljeni! Dobrodo\u0161li na peti lekciji te\u010daja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fortiservice.com\/news\/fortinet-getting-started-vvedenie\/\"> Fortinet Za\u010detek<\/a><\/noindex>. Na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tssolution\/blog\/481882\/\">u prethodnoj lekciji<\/a><\/noindex> razumeli smo delovanje varnostnih politik. Zdaj je \u010das, da lokalnim uporabnikom omogo\u010dimo dostop do interneta. V tej lekciji bomo obravnavali delovanje mehanizma NAT. <br \/>\nPoleg omogo\u010danja dostopa do interneta bomo obravnavali tudi metodo objave notranjih storitev. Spodaj je kratka teorija iz videa ter sam videoposnetek. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nTehnologija NAT (Network Address Translation) je mehanizem za pretvorbo IP naslovov omre\u017enih paketov. Po definiciji Fortineta se NAT deli na dva tipa: Source NAT in Destination NAT. <\/p>\n<p>Ime pove vse \u2014 pri uporabi Source NAT se spremeni naslov izvora, pri uporabi Destination NAT pa naslov cilja. <\/p>\n<p>Poleg tega obstaja tudi ve\u010d mo\u017enosti nastavitve NAT-a \u2014 Firewall Policy NAT in Central NAT.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/552bfab5659e7e519f4fc6617d43cad2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPri prvi mo\u017enosti je potrebno nastaviti Source in Destination NAT za vsako varnostno politiko. V tem primeru Source NAT uporablja bodisi IP naslov odhodnega vmesnika bodisi prednastavljen IP Pool. Destination NAT uporablja prednastavljeno zadevo (t.i. VIP \u2014 Virtual IP) kot naslov cilja.<\/p>\n<p>Pri uporabi Central NAT se konfiguracija Source in Destination NAT izvede takoj za celo napravo (ali virtualno domeno). V tem primeru se parametri NAT uporabljajo za vse politike, odvisno od pravil Source NAT in Destination NAT. <\/p>\n<p>Pravila Source NAT se nastavljajo v osrednji politiki Source NAT. Destination NAT se konfigurira iz menija DNAT z uporabo IP naslovov. <\/p>\n<p>V tej lekciji bomo obravnavali le Firewall Policy NAT \u2014 iz izku\u0161enj se ta mo\u017enost konfiguracije pojavlja veliko pogosteje kot Central NAT. <\/p>\n<p>Kot sem \u017ee omenil, pri konfiguraciji Firewall Policy Source NAT obstajata dve mo\u017enosti nastavitve: zamenjava IP naslova z naslovom odhodnega vmesnika ali z IP naslovom iz prednastavljenega sklada IP naslovov. To izgleda pribli\u017eno tako, kot je prikazano na spodnji sliki. Kasneje bom na kratko predstavil mo\u017ene sklade, vendar bomo v praksi obravnavali le mo\u017enost z naslovom odhodnega vmesnika \u2014 na na\u0161em maketu skladi IP naslovov niso potrebni. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/48737189dd2ee0efc0d487fc9e207070.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nIP sklad dolo\u010da enega ali ve\u010d IP naslovov, ki se bodo uporabljali kot naziv izvora med sejo. Ti IP naslovi se bodo uporabljali namesto IP naslova odhodnega vmesnika FortiGate. <\/p>\n<p>Obstajajo 4 vrste IP baz, ki jih je mogo\u010de nastaviti na FortiGate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overload<\/li>\n<li>One-to-one<\/li>\n<li>Fiksno obmo\u010dje vrat<\/li>\n<li>Dodelitev blokov vrat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nOverload je glavna IP baza. V njej se IP naslovi preoblikujejo po na\u010delu mnogo na eno ali mnogo na ve\u010d. Uporablja se tudi preusmerjanje vrat. Oglejmo si shemo, predstavljeno na spodnji sliki. Imamo paket s posebnimi polji Source in Destination. Ko paket dose\u017ee politiko po\u017earnega zidu, ki omogo\u010da dostop temu paketu v zunanjo mre\u017eo, se mu uporabi pravilo NAT. Na koncu se v tem paketu polje Source spremeni v enega od IP naslovov, navedenih v IP bazi. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/dc4b717305b27844d797fd4a4f987b32.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV bazi tipa One to One je prav tako opredeljenih ve\u010d zunanjih IP naslovov. Ko paket dose\u017ee politiko po\u017earnega zidu s potrjenim pravilom NAT, se IP naslov v polju Source spremeni v enega od naslovov, ki pripada temu bazu. Zamenjava poteka po pravilu - \u201cprvi prispel, prvi oskrbljen\u201d. Da bo bolj jasno, si poglejmo primer. <\/p>\n<p>Ra\u010dunalnik iz lokalne mre\u017ee z IP naslovom 192.168.1.25 po\u0161lje paket v zunanjo mre\u017eo. Ta dose\u017ee pravilo NAT in se polje Source spremeni v prvi IP naslov iz baze, v na\u0161em primeru je to 83.235.123.5. Omeniti je treba, da pri uporabi te IP baze preusmerjanje vrat ni uporabljeno. \u010ce nato ra\u010dunalnik iz iste lokalne mre\u017ee, z naslovom recimo 192.168.1.35, po\u0161lje paket v zunanjo mre\u017eo in prav tako dose\u017ee to pravilo NAT, se IP naslov v polju Source tega paketa spremeni v 83.235.123.6. \u010ce naslovov v bazi ve\u010d ne bo, bodo naslednje povezave zavrnjene. To pomeni, da lahko v tem primeru na\u0161e pravilo NAT hkrati zajame 4 ra\u010dunalnike. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/eb55e55328b6d1bb3361e04b7d1324df.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nFiksno obmo\u010dje vrat povezuje notranje in zunanje razpone IP naslovov. Preusmerjanje vrat je prav tako izklju\u010deno. To omogo\u010da fiksno povezovanje za\u010detka ali konca obmo\u010dja notranjih IP naslovov z za\u010detkom ali koncem obmo\u010dja zunanjih IP naslovov. V primeru, navedenem spodaj, se notranji bazen naslovov 192.168.1.25 \u2013 192.168.1.28 uskladi z zunanjim bazenom naslovov 83.235.123.5 \u2013 83.235.125.8.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/86c56ea7edde34cd7d0f15b2eb065d35.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDodelitev blokov vrat \u2014 ta IP baza se uporablja za dodelitev bloka vrat uporabnikom IP baze. Poleg same IP baze morata biti navedena tudi dva parametra \u2014 velikost bloka in \u0161tevilo blokov, dodeljenih za vsakega uporabnika. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/99f59e8dcc8831e8e0e7f707c4a71869.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSedaj razmislimo o tehnologiji Destination NAT. Ta temelji na virtualnih IP naslovih (VIP). Pri paketih, ki spadajo pod pravila Destination NAT, se spremeni IP naslov na polju Destination: obi\u010dajno se javni naslov interneta spremeni v zasebni naslov stre\u017enika. Virtualni IP naslovi se uporabljajo v politikah po\u017earnih zidov kot polje Destination. <\/p>\n<p>Standardna vrsta virtualnih IP naslovov je Static NAT. To je ena na ena ujemanje zunanjih in notranjih naslovov. <\/p>\n<p>Namesto Static NAT lahko virtualne naslove omejimo z usmerjanjem dolo\u010denih vrat. Na primer, povezave na zunanji naslov prek vrat 8080 lahko pove\u017eemo s povezavo na notranji IP naslov prek vrat 80. <\/p>\n<p>V spodnjem primeru ra\u010dunalnik z naslovom 172.17.10.25 posku\u0161a dostopati do naslova 83.235.123.20 prek vrat 80. To povezavo obravnava pravilo DNAT, zato se naslov za dostop spremeni v 10.10.10.10. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. Fortinet Za\u010detek delovanja v6.0. NAT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ca9e15184484225a34dbf4e4079659a5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV videu je obravnavana teorija, prav tako pa so predstavljeni prakti\u010dni primeri nastavitev Source in Destination NAT. <\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"oQrHyhPpIHo\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/oQrHyhPpIHo\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Predvajaj video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\nNa naslednjih lekcijah se bomo osredoto\u010dili na zagotavljanje varnosti uporabnikov v spletnem okolju. V naslednji lekciji bomo obravnavali funkcionalnosti spletnega filtriranja in nadzora aplikacij. Da vas ne bo zamudilo, spremljajte posodobitve na naslednjih kanalih:<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCKOESE8nBWQPuQmi994_YMA\">Youtube<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/fortiservice\">Skupina na Vkontakte<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zen.yandex.ru\/id\/5c7d2162fa818600ae386a52\">Yandex Zen <\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fortiservice.com\/\">Na\u0161a web stranica.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.t.me\/tssolution\">Telegram kanal<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tssolution\/blog\/484072\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e! \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 Fortinet Getting Started. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 NAT. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043c\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e!\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-fortinet-getting-started-v6-0-nat\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd475. Fortinet Getting Started v6.0. NAT | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e!\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-fortinet-getting-started-v6-0-nat\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-24T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:03:47+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd475. Fortinet Getting Started v6.0. NAT | ProHoster","description":"Pozdravljeni!","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-fortinet-getting-started-v6-0-nat","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sl_SI","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd475. Fortinet Getting Started v6.0. NAT | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e!","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-fortinet-getting-started-v6-0-nat","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-01-24T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:03:47+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"55648","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 19:40:26","updated":"2022-09-27 20:47:17","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55648"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55648\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}