{"id":55735,"date":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:52","slug":"eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","title":{"rendered":"\u0160e enkrat o DevOps in SRE","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na podlagi razprav v klepetu AWS Minsk Community<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V zadnjem \u010dasu se resni\u010dno odvijajo bitke glede opredelitve pojma DevOps in SRE.
\nKljub temu, da so se razprave o tej temi \u017ee nekoliko zasitile tudi pri meni, sem se odlo\u010dil, da jo predlo\u017eim v oceno skupnosti Habr in svoj pogled na to temo. Kdor ga zanima, dobrodo\u0161el pod kat. Naj se vse za\u010dne znova!
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pozadina<\/h4>\n

\nNeko\u010d je obstajala lo\u010dena ekipa razvijalcev programske opreme in skrbnikov stre\u017enikov. Prvi so uspe\u0161no pisali kodo, drugi pa, s \u0161tevilnimi toplimi ne\u017enimi besedami na ra\u010dun prvih, nastavljali stre\u017enike, ob\u010dasno prihajali do razvijalcev in prejemali podrobno odgovor \u201ena mojem ra\u010dunalniku deluje vse\u201c. Poslovanje je \u010dakalo na programsko opremo, vse je zastalo, ob\u010dasno pokvarilo, vsi so bili nervozni. \u0160e posebej tisti, ki je pla\u010deval za vse to zme\u0161njavo. \u010cudovita, topla doba. A vi \u017ee veste, kje so korenine DevOps. <\/p>\n

Rojstvo DevOps praks<\/h4>\n

\nNato so pri\u0161li resni mo\u0161ki in rekli - to ni industrija, tako ne moremo delati. In prinesli so modele \u017eivljenjskega cikla. Tukaj je na primer V-model.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160e
\nTorej, kaj vidimo? Poslovanje prihaja s konceptom, arhitekti na\u010drtujejo re\u0161itve, razvijalci pi\u0161ejo kodo, nato - propad. Nekdo nekako testira izdelek, nekdo nekako ga dostavi kon\u010dnemu uporabniku in nekje na izhodu tega \u010dudovitega modela sedi osamljeni poslovni naro\u010dnik in \u010daka na obljubljeno vreme. Pri\u0161li so do zaklju\u010dka, da so potrebne metode, ki bi omogo\u010dile ureditev tega procesa. Odlo\u010dili so se vzpostaviti prakse, ki bi jih uresni\u010devale.<\/p>\n

Liri\u010dno odstopanje glede tega, kaj je praksa<\/b>
\nPod prakso razumem povezavo tehnologije in discipline. Primer - praksa opisovanja infrastrukture s kodo na terraform. Disciplina je to, kako opisati infrastrukturo s kodo, to je v mislih razvijalca, tehnologija pa je pravzaprav terraform.<\/p>\n

In the end, they decided to call them DevOps practices \u2014 I think they meant from Development to Operations. They coined various complex terms \u2014 CI\/CD practices, practices based on the IaC principle, thousands of them. And off we went; developers write code, DevOps engineers transform system descriptions into code that becomes operational systems (yes, code is unfortunately just a description, not the embodiment of the system), delivery is spinning, and so on. Former administrators, mastering new practices, proudly retrained as DevOps engineers, and it all started. And there was evening, and there was morning\u2026 sorry, wrong context.<\/p>\n

Everything is once again not going well.<\/h4>\n

\nJust as everything calmed down, various clever 'methodologists' began writing thick books on DevOps practices, quietly sparking debates on who the infamous DevOps engineer really is and that DevOps is a culture of production, discontent began to brew again. Suddenly, it became clear that software delivery is an absolutely non-trivial task. Each development infrastructure has its own stack; somewhere you need to assemble, somewhere you need to deploy the environment, here you need Tomcat, there you need some uniquely crafted launch method \u2014 in general, it\u2019s overwhelming. Additionally, the problem, strangely enough, turned out to be primarily in organizing processes \u2014 this delivery function, like a bottleneck, started to block the processes. Moreover, production (Operations) was not canceled. It is not visible in the V-model, and there is the entire lifecycle on the right. Ultimately, you need to maintain the infrastructure, monitor it, manage incidents, and also deal with delivery. That is, you have to straddle both development and operations \u2014 and suddenly Development & Operations was born. On top of that, there was a widespread hype about microservices. With that, development started moving from local machines to the cloud \u2014 good luck debugging locally with dozens or hundreds of microservices, where constant delivery becomes a means of survival. For a 'small modest company', it's manageable, but still? What about Google?<\/p>\n

SRE from Google<\/h4>\n

\nPri\u0161el je Google, pojedel najve\u010dje kaktuse in se odlo\u010dil - to nam ne ustreza, potrebujemo zanesljivost. Zanesljivost je treba upravljati. Odlo\u010dil se je, da potrebujemo strokovnjake, ki bodo upravljali zanesljivost. Imenoval jih je SRE in jim rekel, tu imate vse, naredite, kot je obi\u010dajno, dobro. Tu imate SLI, tu imate SLO, tu imate nadzor. In jih je usmeril k operacijam. Svoj \u201ezanesljiv DevOps\u201c je poimenoval SRE. Zdi se, da je vse v redu, a obstaja ena umazana pot, ki si jo je Google lahko privo\u0161\u010dil - na mesto SRE in\u017eenirjev zaposlovati ljudi, ki so imeli znanje razvijalcev in se \u0161e malo spoznali na delujo\u010de sisteme. In tudi Google ima te\u017eave pri zaposlovanju takih ljudi - predvsem zato, ker sam s sabo tekmuje - nekdo mora opisovati tudi poslovno logiko. Dostavo je prepustil in\u017eenirjem za izdaje, SRE in\u017eenirji upravljajo zanesljivost (jasno, ne neposredno, ampak z vplivom na infrastrukturo, spreminjanjem arhitekture, spremljanjem sprememb in kazalnikov, ter re\u0161evanjem incidentov). Lepo, lahko pisati knjige<\/a><\/noindex>. Kaj pa, \u010de niste Google in vas zanesljivost vseeno skrbi?<\/p>\n

Razvoj idej DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nTukaj je prav pri\u0161el Docker, ki je zrasel iz lxc, nato razli\u010dni sistemi orkestracije, kot sta Docker Swarm in Kubernetes, in in\u017eenirji DevOps so si oddahnili - unifikacija praks je poenostavila dostavo. Poenostavila je do te mere, da je bilo mogo\u010de celo predati dostavo razvijalcem - kaj pa je tam deployment.yaml. Kontejnerizacija re\u0161uje problem. In zrelost sistemov CI\/CD je \u017ee na ravni enega napisanega datoteka in vse se je za\u010delo - razvijalci se bodo sami zna\u0161li. In tukaj za\u010dnemo govoriti, kako narediti svoj SRE, s... ja, kar s komerkoli. <\/p>\n

SRE ne v Google<\/h4>\n

\nNo ok, we\u2019ve handed over the delivery, it seems we can finally breathe and return to the good old days when admins monitored CPU loads, optimized systems, and quietly sipped something mysterious from their mugs in tranquility\u2026 Wait. That\u2019s not why we started this all (what a pity!). Suddenly, it turns out that in Google's approach, we can take excellent practices \u2014 it's not CPU loads that matter, nor how often we change disks, or how we optimize costs in the cloud, but business metrics \u2014 those same notorious SLx metrics. And nobody has taken the management of infrastructure off our hands, we still need to handle incidents, occasionally be on duty, and generally stay on top of business processes. And guys, start programming at a good level little by little, Google is waiting for you.<\/p>\n

In summary. Suddenly, but you\u2019re already tired of reading this and can\u2019t wait to comment to the author of the article. DevOps, as a delivery practice, has existed, exists, and will continue to exist. And it won\u2019t go anywhere. SRE, as a set of operational practices, makes that very delivery successful.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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