{"id":72966,"date":"2020-03-06T08:42:03","date_gmt":"2020-03-06T05:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti"},"modified":"2020-03-06T08:42:03","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T05:42:03","slug":"chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti","title":{"rendered":"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Historically, command-line utilities in Unix systems have been better developed than in Windows, but the situation has changed with the emergence of new solutions.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell allows system administrators to automate most routine tasks. It can change settings, stop and start services, as well as maintain most installed applications. To perceive the blue window as just another command interpreter would be incorrect. This approach does not reflect the essence of the innovations offered by Microsoft. In reality, Windows PowerShell's capabilities are much broader: in a series of articles, we will try to understand how Microsoft's solution differs from the more familiar tools.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/487876\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/57911997d520dd5eeef9d87ddcecb125.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Main Features\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nCertainly, Windows PowerShell is primarily a command shell with a scripting language, originally built on the .NET Framework platform, and later on .NET Core. Unlike shells that accept and return text data, Windows PowerShell works with .NET classes that have properties and methods. PowerShell allows you to run standard commands and also provides access to COM, WMI, and ADSI objects. It uses various stores, such as the file system or the Windows registry, for which so-called providers have been created. It is worth noting the ability to embed executable PowerShell components into other applications to perform various operations, including through a graphical interface. The opposite is also true: many Windows applications provide access to their management interfaces through PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell allows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Change operating system settings;<\/li>\n<li>Manage services and processes;<\/li>\n<li>Configure server roles and components;<\/li>\n<li>Install software;<\/li>\n<li>Manage installed software through specialized interfaces;<\/li>\n<li>Embed executables into third-party programs;<\/li>\n<li>Create scripts to automate administrative tasks;<\/li>\n<li>Work with the file system, Windows registry, certificate store, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Shell and development environment<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows PowerShell ima dve verzije: pored emulira konzole sa komandnom linijom postoji i integrisano okru\u017eenje za skripting (Integrated Scripting Environment \u2014 ISE). Da biste pristupili komandnom interfejsu, dovoljno je izabrati odgovaraju\u0107i pre\u010dicu u Windows meniju ili pokrenuti powershell.exe iz menija \u201ePokreni\u201c. Na ekranu \u0107e se pojaviti plavi prozor, koji se zna\u010dajno razlikuje mogu\u0107nostima od zastarelog cmd.exe. Tu su automatsko dopunjavanje i druge funkcije uobi\u010dajene korisnicima komandnih linija Unix sistema.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2b2d6fa0a82530ddedc7c106160a883e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Za rad sa komandnom linijom potrebno je zapamtiti neka kombinacije tastera:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tasteri sa strelicama gore i dolje pomeraju istoriju za ponavljanje prethodno unetih komandi;<\/li>\n<li>Desna strelica na kraju reda ponovo unosi prethodnu komandu znak po znak;<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+Home bri\u0161e uneti tekst od pozicije kursora do po\u010detka reda;<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+End bri\u0161e tekst od kursora do kraja reda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nF7 prikazuje prozor sa unetim komandama i omogu\u0107ava izbor jedne od njih. U konzoli tako\u0111e funkcioni\u0161e ozna\u010davanje teksta mi\u0161em, kopiranje i lepljenje, pozicioniranje kursora, brisanje, backspace \u2014 sve onako kako volimo.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/217b3584c4ffbbfaea8f4fcd97512505.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nWindows PowerShell ISE je potpuno razvojno okru\u017eenje sa editorom koda koji podr\u017eava tabove i sintaksnu isticanje, konstruktorom komandi, ugra\u0111enim debagerom i drugim programerskim u\u017eicima. Ako u editoru razvojne sredine nakon imena komande napi\u0161ete znak minus, dobi\u0107ete u padaju\u0107em meniju sve dostupne opcije sa naznakom tipa. Pokretanje PowerShell ISE mo\u017ee se obaviti ili putem pre\u010dice iz sistemskog menija, ili koriste\u0107i izvr\u0161nu datoteku powershell_ise.exe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/f80df64ede3d89759757c87709d62155.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Cmdlets\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0412 Windows PowerShell \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442.\u043d. \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b (cmdlets). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b .NET, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u00ab\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435-\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u00bb (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b-\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f), \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Get-Help \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c-\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 PowerShell: \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c-\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443\u00bb. \u041f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b man \u0432 Unix-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0432 PowerShell \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c &#8212;help \u0438\u043b\u0438 \/?.. \u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e PowerShell: \u0443 Microsoft \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>Poleg Get se v cmdletih za ozna\u010devanje dejanj uporabljajo tudi drugi glagoli (in ne le glagoli, strogo gledano). V spodnjem seznamu bomo navedli nekaj primerov:<\/p>\n<p><code>Dodaj<\/code> \u2014 dodati;<br \/>\n<code>Po\u010disti<\/code> \u2014 o\u010distiti;<br \/>\n<code>Omogo\u010di<\/code> \u2014 vklju\u010diti;<br \/>\n<code>Onemogo\u010di<\/code> \u2014 izklopiti;<br \/>\n<code>Nov<\/code> \u2014 ustvariti;<br \/>\n<code>Odstrani<\/code> \u2014 izbrisati;<br \/>\n<code>Nastavi<\/code> \u2014 nastaviti;<br \/>\n<code>Za\u010dni<\/code> \u2014 zagnati;<br \/>\n<code>Ustavi<\/code> \u2014 ustaviti;<br \/>\n<code>Izvoz<\/code> \u2014 izvoziti;<br \/>\n<code>Uvozi<\/code> \u2014 uvoziti.<\/p>\n<p>Obstajajo sistemski, uporabni\u0161ki in opcijski cmdleti: kot rezultat izvajanja vsi vrnejo objekt ali niz objektov. Na \u010drke niso ob\u010dutljivi, torej z vidika interpreterja ukazov ni razlike med Get-Help in get-help. Za lo\u010devanje se uporablja simbol ';', vendar ga je treba obvezno uporabiti le, \u010de se v eni vrstici izvaja ve\u010d cmdletov.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Cmdleti Windows PowerShell so razvr\u0161\u010deni v module (NetTCPIP, Hyper-V itd.), za iskanje po objektu in akciji pa obstaja cmdlet Get-Command. Pomo\u010d o njem lahko prika\u017eete na naslednji na\u010din:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Help Get-Command<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/394c5af2fa8183b22403848f07756118.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Privzeto ukaz prika\u017ee kratko pomo\u010d, vendar se lahko cmdletom po potrebi predlo\u017eijo parametri (argumenti). Z njihovo pomo\u010djo lahko na primer dobite podrobno (parameter -Detailed) ali popolno (parameter -Full) pomo\u010d, prav tako pa prika\u017eete primere (parameter -Examples):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Help Get-Command -Examples<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPomo\u010d v Windows PowerShell se posodablja s cmdletom Update-Help. \u010ce je vrstica ukazov predolga, lahko argumente cmdleta prenesete na naslednjo vrstico tako, da napi\u0161ete nadomestni simbol '`' in pritisnete Enter \u2014 preprosto kon\u010dati pisanje ukaza v eni vrstici in nadaljevati v drugi ne bo delovalo.<\/p>\n<p>Spodaj navajamo nekaj primerov pogostih cmdletov:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><code>Get-Process<\/code> \u2014 prika\u017ei trenutno zagnane procese v sistemu;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Service<\/code> \u2014 prika\u017ei storitve in njihov status;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Content<\/code> \u2014 prika\u017ei vsebino datoteke.<\/p>\n<p>Za pogosto uporabljene cmdlete in zunanje pripomo\u010dke v Windows PowerShell obstajajo kratki sinonimi \u2014 aliasi (iz angle\u0161\u010dine alias). Na primer, dir \u2014 alias Get-ChildItem. V seznamu sinonimov so tudi analogi ukazov iz Unix sistemov (ls, ps itd.), cmdlet Get-Help pa se pokli\u010de z ukazom help. Celoten seznam sinonimov si lahko ogledate s cmdletom Get-Alias:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/94f8cf9fd6c346e5b250d994ef1f7661.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Skripti, funkcije, moduli in jezik PowerShell<\/h2>\n<p>\nSkripti Windows PowerShell se shranjujejo kot navadne besedilne datoteke s kon\u010dnico .ps1. Ne morete jih zagnati z dvojnim klikom: morate z desnim gumbom mi\u0161ke priklicati kontekstni meni in izbrati \u00bbZa\u017eeni v PowerShell\u00ab. Iz konzole boste morali ali navesti polno pot do skripta ali pa se premakniti v ustrezni imenik in napisati ime datoteke. Zagon skriptov je prav tako omejen s sistemsko politiko, za preverjanje trenutnih nastavitev pa lahko uporabite cmdlet Get-ExecutionPolicy, ki bo vrnil eno od naslednjih vrednosti: <\/p>\n<p><code>Restricted<\/code> \u2014 zagon skriptov je prepovedan (privzeto);<br \/>\n<code>AllSigned<\/code> \u2014 dovoljen je le zagon podpisanih skriptov, ki jih je zaupanja vredno razvil razvijalec;<br \/>\n<code>RemoteSigned<\/code> \u2014 dovoljen je zagon podpisanih in lastnih skriptov;<br \/>\n<code>Unrestricted<\/code> \u2014 dovoljen je zagon vseh skriptov.<\/p>\n<p>Administrator ima dve mo\u017enosti delovanja. Najbolj varna mo\u017enost predvideva podpisovanje skriptov, vendar je to precej zapleten postopek \u2014 s tem se bomo podrobneje ukvarjali v naslednjih \u010dlankih. Zdaj bomo \u0161li po poti najmanj\u0161ega upora in spremenili politiko:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/139949e0da3470b866d4b54f3e2a0498.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nZa to je potrebno zagnati PowerShell z imeni administratorja, \u010deprav lahko s posebnim parametrom spremenite politiko tudi za trenutnega uporabnika.<\/p>\n<p>Skripti so napisani v objektno usmerjenem programskem jeziku, katerih ukazi so poimenovani po istem principu kot prej obravnavani cmdleti: \u00bbDejanje-Objekt\u00ab (\u00bbGlagol-Samsvoje\u00ab). Njegova glavna naloga je avtomatizacija nalog upravljanja, vendar je to popoln interpretirani jezik, ki vsebuje vse potrebne konstrukcije: pogojne prehode, zanke, spremenljivke, tabele, objekte, obdelavo napak itd. Za pisanje skriptov je primerna katera koli besedilni urejevalnik, vendar je najla\u017eje zagnati Windows PowerShell ISE.<\/p>\n<p>V skript lahko prenesete parametre, jih naredite obvezne ter dolo\u010dite privzete vrednosti. Poleg tega Windows PowerShell omogo\u010da ustvarjanje funkcij in njihovo klicanje podobno kot cmdlete: za to se uporablja struktura Function in zavite oklepaje. Skript s funkcijami se imenuje modul in ima kon\u010dnico .psm1. Moduli morajo biti shranjeni v imenikih, ki jih dolo\u010dajo okoljske spremenljivke PowerShell. Poglejte jih lahko s pomo\u010djo naslednjega ukaza:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-ChildItem Env:PSModulePath | Format-Table -AutoSize<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Konvejorji<\/h2>\n<p>\nV zadnjem primeru smo uporabili znano strukturo za uporabnike Unix sistemov. V Windows PowerShell navpi\u010dna \u010drta prav tako omogo\u010da prenos izhoda enega ukaza na vhod drugega, vendar obstajajo tudi pomembne razlike v izvajanju konvejerja: tu ne gre ve\u010d za niz znakov ali nek tekst. Vgrajeni ukazi ali uporabni\u0161ke funkcije vra\u010dajo objekte ali nize objektov, pa tudi lahko jih sprejemajo na vhodu. Tako kot v Bourne shell in njegovih \u0161tevilnih naslednikih, PowerShell poenostavi izvajanje zapletenih nalog s pomo\u010djo konvejera.<\/p>\n<p>Najenostavnej\u0161i primer konvejera izgleda tako:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Service | Sort-Object -property Status<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0bb6e0e00d97d23fa2384d40c7419d71.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNajprej se izvede ukaz Get-Service, nato pa se vse pridobljene storitve prenesejo na razvr\u0161\u010danje po lastnosti Status ukazu Sort-Object. V kateri to\u010dno argument se rezultat prej\u0161njega dela konvejera prenese, je odvisno od njegove vrste \u2014 obi\u010dajno je to InputObject. Ta tema bo podrobneje obravnavana v \u010dlanku o programskem jeziku PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u010ce \u017eelite, lahko verigo nadaljujete in prenesete rezultat dela Sort-Object \u0161e enemu ukazu (izvajali se bodo od leve proti desni). Mimogrede, uporabnikom Windows je na voljo tudi znana konstrukcija za paginiranje:\u00a0<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Service | Sort-Object -property Status | more<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Zagon nalog v ozadju\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nPogosto je potrebno zagnati nek ukaz v ozadju, da ne bi \u010dakali na rezultat njegovega izvajanja v seji lupine. V Windows PowerShell je na voljo ve\u010d ukazov za to:<\/p>\n<p><code>Start-Job<\/code> \u2014 zagon ozadnje naloge;<br \/>\n<code>Stop-Job<\/code> \u2014 ustavitev ozadnje naloge;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Job<\/code> \u2014 pregled seznama ozadnjih nalog;<br \/>\n<code>Receive-Job<\/code> \u2014 pregled rezultata izvajanja ozadnje naloge;<br \/>\n<code>Remove-Job<\/code> \u2014 odstranitev ozadnje naloge;<br \/>\n<code>Wait-Job<\/code> \u2014 prenos ozadnje naloge nazaj v konzolo.<\/p>\n<p>Za zagon ozadnje naloge uporabimo ukaz Start-Job in v zavitih oklepajih navedemo ukaz ali niz ukazov:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Start-Job {Get-Service}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0a75c1f4af75e5aec66df909ca4adb70.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nZ ozadnjimi nalogami v Windows PowerShell lahko upravljamo, \u010de poznamo njihova imena. Najprej se jih nau\u010dimo prikazovati:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Job<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/664dba26ddcfb54bef79717c86f3c8ec.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSedaj bomo prikazali rezultat dela naloge Job1:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Receive-Job Job1 | more<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/02d930327929af463cf506f9d90357e6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nVse je precej preprosto.<\/p>\n<h2>Oddaljeno izvajanje ukazov<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows PowerShell omogo\u010da izvajanje ukazov in skript ne le na lokalnem, ampak tudi na oddaljenem ra\u010dunalniku ter celo na skupini ra\u010dunalnikov. Za to obstaja ve\u010d na\u010dinov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0160tevilni cmdleti imajo parameter <code>-ComputerName<\/code>, toda na ta na\u010din ni mogo\u010de npr. ustvariti cevi;<\/li>\n<li>Cmdlet <code>Enter-PSSession<\/code> omogo\u010da ustvarjanje interaktivne seje na oddaljenem ra\u010dunalniku;\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>S cmdletom <code>Invoke-Command<\/code> lahko izvajate ukaze ali skripte na enem ali ve\u010d oddaljenih ra\u010dunalnikih.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Razli\u010dice PowerShell<\/h2>\n<p>\nOd prve izdaje leta 2006 se je PowerShell resno spremenil. Orodje je dostopno za \u0161tevilne sisteme, ki delujejo na razli\u010dnih strojnih platformah (x86, x86-64, Itanium, ARM): Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008\/2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows RT, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012\/2012 R2, Windows 10, Windows Server 2016, GNU\/Linux in OS X. Zadnja izdaja 6.2 je bila izdana 10. januarja 2018. Skripte, napisanih za starej\u0161e razli\u010dice, z veliko verjetnostjo bodo delovale v novej\u0161ih, medtem ko lahko nastanejo te\u017eave z obratnim prenosom, saj je v PowerShell v letih razvoja pri\u0161lo do velikega \u0161tevila novih cmdletov. Razli\u010dico ukazne lupine, name\u0161\u010dene na ra\u010dunalniku, lahko ugotovite s pomo\u010djo lastnosti PSVersion v vgrajeni spremenljivki $PSVersionTable:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">$PSVersionTable.PSVersion<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c2d422d1489f88ef8631ee82cc2f60c8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nLahko se tudi poslu\u017eite cmdleta:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Variable -Name PSVersionTable \u2013ValueOnly<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5cffcfe260243235e8f91a6c543191f7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nEnako lahko storite tudi s cmdletom Get-Host. V resnici je mo\u017enosti mnogo, a za njihovo uporabo je treba raziskati programski jezik PowerShell, s \u010dimer se bomo ukvarjali v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/490924\/\"><b>naslednjem \u010dlanku<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Zaklju\u010dki\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nKorporaciji Microsoft je uspelo ustvariti resni\u010dno mo\u010dno ukazno lupino z priro\u010dnim integriranim okoljem za razvoj skript. Od obi\u010dajnih orodij, ki jih poznamo iz sveta Unix, jo odlikuje globoka integracija z operacijskimi sistemi dru\u017eine Windows ter z programsko opremo zanje in platformo .NET Core. PowerShell lahko imenujemo objektno usmerjena lupina, ker cmdleti in uporabni\u0161ke funkcije vra\u010dajo objekte ali nize objektov ter jih lahko prejemajo kot vhod. Menimo, da bi morali ta pripomo\u010dek obvladati vsi skrbniki stre\u017enikov na Windows: minilo je \u010das, ko so se lahko izognili ukazni vrstici. Napredna konzolna lupina je \u0161e posebej potrebna na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/marketplace\/servercore#order\">na\u0161ih cenovno ugodnih VPS, ki delujejo pod Windows Server Core<\/a><\/noindex>, ampak to je \u017ee povsem druga zgodba.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kaj je Windows PowerShell in zakaj ga potrebujemo? Del 1: osnovne mo\u017enosti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0683e52726ae6d7def7206e5974a74b2.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Samo registrovani korisnici mogu u\u010destvovati u anketi. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Prijavite se<\/a><\/noindex>, molim vas.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Kak\u0161ne teme bi morali najprej obravnavati v naslednjih \u010dlankih serije?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">53,2%<\/strong>Programiranje v PowerShell123<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">42,4%<\/strong>Funkcije in moduli PowerShell98<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">22,1%<\/strong>Kako podpisati svoje skripte?51<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">12,1%<\/strong>Delo s shrambami prek ponudnikov (providers)28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">57,6%<\/strong>Avtomatizacija upravljanja ra\u010dunalnikov z uporabo PowerShell133<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">30,7%<\/strong>Upravljanje programske opreme in vgradnja izvr\u0161ljivih komponent PowerShell v zunanje izdelke71<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Glasovalo je 231 uporabnikov. 37 uporabnikov se je vzdr\u017ealo.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/487876\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Unix-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 Windows, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. Windows PowerShell \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447. \u0421 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":72967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Unix-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 Windows, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. 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