{"id":75250,"date":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas"},"modified":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","slug":"obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","title":{"rendered":"Razprava: standardne UNIX-utility, ki jih je malo kdo uporabljal in jih uporablja \u0161e danes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pred enim tednom je Douglas McIlroy, razvijalec UNIX pipelina in avtor koncepta \"komponentno usmerjeno programiranje\", je povedal<\/a><\/noindex> spregovoril o zanimivih in nenavadnih UNIX programih, ki niso na\u0161li \u0161iroke uporabe. Objava je spro\u017eila aktivno razpravo na Hacker News. Zbrali smo najbolj zanimivo in veselimo se, \u010de se boste pridru\u017eili razpravi.<\/p>\n

\"Razprava:<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFoto \u2014 Virginia Johnson<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

Delo s tekstom<\/h2>\n

\nV UNIX-podobnih operacijskih sistemih so standardni nabor orodij za oblikovanje besedil. Orodje typo<\/i><\/b> je omogo\u010dilo pregledovanje dokumenta za tipkarske napake in hapaks<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 besed, ki se v gradivu pojavijo samo enkrat. Zanimivo je, da program ne uporablja<\/a><\/noindex> slovarjev. Zana\u0161a se samo na informacije v datoteki in izvaja frekven\u010dno analizo po trigramih (zaporedje treh znakov). Pri tem se vsi potrebni \u0161tejejo hrani<\/a><\/noindex> v tabeli 26x26x26. Po besedah Douglasa McIlroya je te kapacitete le za nekaj enobitnih \u0161tevcev. Zato so jih za var\u010devanje pisali v logaritmi\u010dni obliki.<\/p>\n

Danes so typo zamenjali z modernej\u0161imi in natan\u010dnej\u0161imi programi za preverjanje \u010drkovanja, temelje\u010dimi na slovarjih. Vendar pa se instrument \u0161e vedno spominjajo \u2014 pred nekaj leti je navdu\u0161enec \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b<\/a><\/noindex> implementiral typo v Go. Repozitorij se \u0161e vedno posodablja.<\/p>\n

\u0160e en instrument za delo z dokumenti iz 80-ih \u2014 paket Writer’s Workbench<\/i><\/b> Lorinde Cherry in Nine McDonald iz Bell Labs. Vklju\u010dena so bila orodja za dolo\u010danje delov govora in sloga dokumenta, iskanje tautologij in preve\u010d zapletenih stavkov. Orodja so bila razvita kot podpora \u0161tudentom, in neko\u010d so jih<\/a><\/noindex> uporabljali \u0161tudenti Dr\u017eavne univerze Kolorado v ZDA. Vendar pa so na za\u010detku devetdesetih o Writer\u2019s Workbench pozabili, ker ga niso vklju\u010dili v Version 7 Unix. Ta instrument pa je nadaljeval pot podlagateljem \u2014 na primer,<\/a><\/noindex> \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u041d\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043e Writer’s Workbench \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 Version 7 Unix. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, za IBM PC.<\/a><\/noindex> V UNIX so tudi standardna sredstva, ki poenostavljajo delo s formulami. Obstaja predprocesor jezika za oblikovanje matemati\u010dnih izrazov.<\/p>\n

V UNIX-u so na voljo tudi standardna orodja, ki poenostavijo delo z formulami. Obstaja predprocesor jezika za oblikovanje matemati\u010dnih izrazov. eqn<\/i><\/b>Izpostavlja se, da lahko razvijalec za prikaz formule preprosto opi\u0161e z besedami in simboli. Klju\u010dne besede omogo\u010dajo premikanje matemati\u010dnih znakov navpi\u010dno in horizontalno, spreminjanje njihovih velikosti in drugih parametrov. \u010ce programu posredujemo vrstico:<\/p>\n

sum from { k = 1 } to N { k sup 2 }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNa izhodu bo ustvarjena naslednja formula:<\/p>\n
\"Razprava:<\/p>\n
\nV 1980\u20131990 je eqn pomagal<\/a><\/noindex> IT strokovnjakom pisati priro\u010dnike za programsko opremo. Toda kasneje ga je zamenjal sistem LaTeX, ki uporablja<\/a><\/noindex> tudi Habr. Vendar je eqn prvi orodje te vrste, ki ostaja del UNIX-podobnih operacijskih sistemov.<\/p>\n
Delo s datotekami<\/h2>\n
\nV tematskem nizkodo so uporabniki Hacker News omenili ve\u010d redko uporabljenih pripomo\u010dkov za delo s fajli. Eden od njih izvedena<\/a><\/noindex> comm<\/i><\/b> za njihovo primerjavo. To je poenostavljena razli\u010dica diff<\/a><\/noindex>, zasnovana za delo v skriptah. Njegova je zapisal<\/a><\/noindex> sam Richard Stallman skupaj z Davidom MacKenzijem.<\/p>\n
Izhod programa vsebuje tri stolpce. V prvi stolpec gredo vrednosti, edinstvene za prvi fajl, v drugem \u2013 edinstvene za drugi fajl. Tretji stolpec vklju\u010duje skupne vrednosti. Za pravilno delovanje comm morata biti primerjana dokumenta leksikalno razvr\u0161\u010dena. Zato je eden od uporabnikov povedal, da je predlagal<\/a><\/noindex> dela z orodjem v naslednji obliki:<\/p>\n
comm <(sort fileA.txt) <(sort fileB.txt)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nComm je enostaven za uporabo za preverjanje \u010drkovanja besed. Preprosto jih primerjajte s standardnim dokumentom-slovarjem. Glede na posebnosti, povezane z nujnostjo razvr\u0161\u010danja fajlov, je mnenje<\/a><\/noindex>, da sta Stallman in MacKenzie napisala svojo programsko opremo izklju\u010dno za to uporabni\u0161ko nalogo.<\/p>\n
\"Razprava:
\nFoto \u2014 Marnix Hogendoorn<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n
Tudi udele\u017eenec razprave na HN primetio<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enosti operatorja paste<\/b><\/i>, ki so zanj bile o\u010ditne. Omogo\u010da izmenjavo podatkovnih tokov ali delitev enega toka na dva stolpca pri izhodu:<\/p>\n
$ paste <( echo -e 'foonbar' ) <( echo -e 'baznqux' )\nfoo     baz\nbar     qux\n$ echo -e 'foonbarnbaznqux' | paste - -\nfoo     bar\nbaz     qux\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEn uporabnik je opazil<\/a><\/noindex>, da pogosto za izvajanje teh preprostih operacij uporabljajo neoptimalne re\u0161itve: od fmt<\/a><\/noindex>, ex<\/a><\/noindex> in kon\u010danje z mlr<\/a><\/noindex> z jot<\/a><\/noindex> in rs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Katere standardne mo\u017enosti UNIX-podobnih operacijskih sistemov so bile zate odkritje?<\/i><\/p>\n
O \u010demer pi\u0161emo v na\u0161em korporativnem blogu:<\/b><\/p>\n
\"Razprava: Kako se je razvijal sistem domen: doba ARPANET<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Razprava: Zgodovina sistema domen: prvi DNS stre\u017eniki<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Razprava: Zgodovina DNS: kdaj so postala domena pla\u010dljive<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Razprava: Zgodovina sistema domen: 'vojne' protokolov<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439 (Douglas McIlroy), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 UNIX \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 UNIX-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Hacker News. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u2014 Virginia Johnson \u2014 Unsplash \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0412 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":75251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Razprava: standardne UNIX naprave, ki jih redko kdo uporablja in uporablja \u0161e danes | ProHoster","description":"Pred enim tednom je Douglas McIlroy, razvijalec UNIX pipelina in avtor koncepta \"komponentno usmerjeno programiranje\",","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sl_SI","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 UNIX-\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439 (Douglas McIlroy), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 UNIX \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb,","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-03-24T17:42:19+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-03-24T17:42:19+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"75250","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 17:59:43","updated":"2022-09-30 07:34:07","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}