{"id":77298,"date":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8"},"modified":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","slug":"kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","title":{"rendered":"Kako instalirati i koristiti AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) u CentOS 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>Pred za\u010detkom te\u010daja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">\"Administrator Linuxa\"<\/a><\/noindex> pripravili smo prevod zanimljive vsebine.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kako instalirati i koristiti AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) u CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e0f652f377fb48798444f1db1de5a376.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAIDE pomeni \"Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment\" (izpopolnjen sistem za zaznavanje vdorov) \u2014 to je eden najbolj priljubljenih sistemov za spremljanje sprememb v operacijskih sistemih na osnovi Linuxa. AIDE se uporablja za za\u0161\u010dito pred zlonamernimi programi, virusi in zaznavanje nepoobla\u0161\u010denih dejanj. Za preverjanje celovitosti datotek in odkrivanje vdorov AIDE ustvari bazo podatkov z informacijami o datotekah in primerja trenutno stanje sistema s to bazo. AIDE pomaga skraj\u0161ati \u010das preiskave incidentov, saj se osredoto\u010da na datoteke, ki so bile spremenjene.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti AIDE:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Podpora razli\u010dnim atributom datotek, vklju\u010dno z: tip datoteke, inode, uid, gid, dovoljenja, \u0161tevilo povezav, mtime, ctime in atime.<\/li>\n<li>Podpora za stiskanje Gzip, SELinux, XAttrs, Posix ACL in atribute datote\u010dnega sistema.<\/li>\n<li>Podpora za razli\u010dne algoritme, vklju\u010dno z md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, rmd160, crc32 itd.<\/li>\n<li>Po\u0161iljanje obvestil po elektronski po\u0161ti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV tem \u010dlanku bomo obravnavali, kako namestiti in uporabljati AIDE za zaznavanje vdorov v CentOS 8.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Predpogoji<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stre\u017enik, ki deluje pod CentOS 8, z vsaj 2 GB RAM-a.<\/li>\n<li>root-dostop<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Za\u010dnemo<\/h3>\n<p>\nNajprej je priporo\u010dljivo posodobiti sistem. To naredite z naslednjim ukazom.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPo posodobitvi ponovno za\u017eenite sistem, da spremembe za\u010dnejo veljati.<\/p>\n<h3>Namestitev AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nAIDE je na voljo v privzetem repozitoriju CentOS 8. Enostavno ga lahko namestite z naslednjim ukazom:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf install aide -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPo kon\u010dani namestitvi si lahko ogledate razli\u010dico AIDE z naslednjim ukazom:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVideti bi morali naslednje:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Aide 0.16\n\nSestavljen z naslednjimi mo\u017enostmi:\n\nWITH_MMAP\nWITH_PCRE\nWITH_POSIX_ACL\nWITH_SELINUX\nWITH_XATTR\nWITH_E2FSATTRS\nWITH_LSTAT64\nWITH_READDIR64\nWITH_ZLIB\nWITH_CURL\nWITH_GCRYPT\nWITH_AUDIT\nCONFIG_FILE = \"\/etc\/aide.conf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNa voljo mo\u017enosti <code>aide<\/code> lahko si ogledate na naslednji na\u010din:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --help<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kako instalirati i koristiti AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) u CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/b85d16149448ab22bb6b09ee66bf5bc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Ustvarjanje in inicializacija baze podatkov<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrvo, kar morate narediti po namestitvi AIDE, je, da jo inicializirate. Inicializacija vklju\u010duje ustvarjanje baze podatkov (posnetka) vseh datotek in map stre\u017enika.<\/p>\n<p>Za inicializacijo baze podatkov uporabite naslednji ukaz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --init<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVideti bi morali naslednje:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u010casovni \u017eig za\u010detka: 2020-01-16 03:03:19 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE je inicializiral bazo podatkov na \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\n\u0160tevilo vnosov:\t49472\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nAtributi (nekompresirane) baze podatkov:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n\/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n  MD5      : 4N79P7hPE2uxJJ1o7na9sA==\n  SHA1     : Ic2XBj50MKiPd1UGrtcUk4LGs0M=\n  RMD160   : rHMMy5WwHVb9TGUc+TBHFHsPCrk=\n  TIGER    : vkb2bvB1r7DbT3n6d1qYVfDzrNCzTkI0\n  SHA256   : tW3KmjcDef2gNXYqnOPT1l0gDFd0tBh9\n             xWXT2iaEHgQ=\n  SHA512   : VPMRQnz72+JRgNQhL16dxQC9c+GiYB8g\n             uZp6uZNqTvTdxw+w\/IYDSanTtt\/fEkiI\n             nDw6lgDNI\/ls2esijukliQ==\n\n\n\u010casovni \u017eig konca: 2020-01-16 03:03:44 -0500 (\u010das izvajanja: 0m 25s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZgornja ukaz bo ustvarila novo bazo podatkov <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> v imeniku <code>\/var\/lib\/aide<\/code>. To lahko vidimo z naslednjim ukazom:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRezultat:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">skupaj 2800\n-rw------- 1 root root 2863809 Jan 16 03:03 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE ne bo uporabljal tega novega datoteke baze podatkov, dokler je ne preimenujete v <code>aide.db.gz<\/code>. To lahko storite na naslednji na\u010din:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPriporo\u010dljivo je redno posodabljati to bazo podatkov, da zagotovite potrebno spremljanje sprememb. <\/p>\n<p>Spremenite lokacijo baze z nastavitvijo parametra <code>DBDIR<\/code> \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>Za\u017eeni preverjanje<\/h3>\n<p>\nZdaj je AIDE pripravljen za uporabo nove baze podatkov. Za\u010dnite prvo preverjanje AIDE, ne da bi naredili kakr\u0161ne koli spremembe:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIzvajanje tega ukaza bo trajalo nekaj \u010dasa, odvisno od velikosti va\u0161ega datote\u010dnega sistema in koli\u010dine pomnilnika na va\u0161em stre\u017eniku. Po kon\u010danem preverjanju bi morali videti naslednje:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u010casovni \u017eig za\u010detka: 2020-01-16 03:05:07 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE ni na\u0161el razlik med bazo podatkov in datote\u010dnim sistemom. Vse je v redu!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZgornji izhod navaja, da vsi datoteki in imeniki ustrezajo bazi podatkov AIDE.<\/p>\n<h3>Testiranje AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrivzeto AIDE ne spremlja privzete korenske mape Apache <code>\/var\/www\/html.<\/code> Nastavimo AIDE, da ga pregleduje. To lahko storite tako, da spremenite datoteko <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/aide.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDodajte nad vrstico <code>\"\/root\/CONTENT_EX\"<\/code> naslednje:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/www\/html\/ CONTENT_EX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNato ustvarite datoteko <code>aide.txt<\/code> v imeniku <code>\/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>, z uporabo naslednjega ukaza:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"Test AIDE\" &gt; \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZdaj za\u017eenite preverjanje AIDE in se prepri\u010dajte, da bo ustvarjena datoteka odkrita.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVideti bi morali naslednje:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u010casovni \u017eig za\u010detka: 2020-01-16 03:09:40 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE je na\u0161el razlike med bazo in datote\u010dnim sistemom!!\n\nPovzetek:\n  Skupno \u0161tevilo vnosov:\t49475\n  Dodani vnosi:\t\t1\n  Odstranjeni vnosi:\t\t0\n  Spremenjeni vnosi:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nDodani vnosi:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVidimo, da je bila ustvarjena datoteka odkrita <code>aide.txt<\/code>.<br \/>\nPo analizi odkritih sprememb posodobite bazo podatkov AIDE.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPo posodobitvi boste videli naslednje:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u010casovni \u017eig za\u010detka: 2020-01-16 03:10:41 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE je na\u0161el razlike med podatkovno bazo in datote\u010dnim sistemom!!\nNova AIDE podatkovna baza je bila napisana v \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nPovzetek:\n  Skupno \u0161tevilo vnosov:\t49475\n  Dodani vnosi:\t\t1\n  Odstranjeni vnosi:\t\t0\n  Spremenjeni vnosi:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nDodani vnosi:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZgornja ukaz bo ustvarila novo bazo podatkov <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> v imeniku <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nLahko jo vidite s pomo\u010djo naslednjega ukaza:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRezultat:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">skupaj 5600\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864012 Jan 16 03:09 aide.db.gz\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864100 Jan 16 03:11 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSedaj ponovno preimenujte novo podatkovno bazo, da bo AIDE za sledenje prihodnjim spremembam uporabljala novo bazo. Preimenujete jo lahko tako:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZnova za\u017eenite preverjanje, da se prepri\u010date, da AIDE uporablja novo podatkovno bazo:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVideti bi morali naslednje:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u010casovni \u017eig za\u010detka: 2020-01-16 03:12:29 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE ni na\u0161el razlik med podatkovno bazo in datote\u010dnim sistemom. Vse je v redu!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Avtomatiziramo preverjanje<\/h3>\n<p>\nTo je dobra ideja \u2014 izvajati preverjanje AIDE vsak dan in poslati poro\u010dilo po e-po\u0161ti. Ta postopek lahko avtomatiziramo s cron.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/crontab<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZa izvajanje preverjanja AIDE vsak dan ob 10:15 dodajte na konec datoteke naslednji vrstico:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">15 10 * * * root \/usr\/sbin\/aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSedaj vas bo AIDE obvestil po e-po\u0161ti. Preverite po\u0161to lahko s pomo\u010djo naslednjega ukaza:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/mail\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE dnevnik lahko vidite s pomo\u010djo naslednjega ukaza:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/aide\/aide.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Zaklju\u010dek<\/h3>\n<p>\nV tem \u010dlanku ste se nau\u010dili, kako uporabljati AIDE za odkrivanje sprememb datotek in odkrivanje nepoobla\u0161\u010denega dostopa do stre\u017enika. Za dodatne nastavitve lahko spremenite konfiguracijsko datoteko \/etc\/aide.conf. Zaradi varnosti je priporo\u010dljivo, da podatkovno bazo in konfiguracijsko datoteko shranite na nosilcu, ki je dostopno samo za branje. Dodatne informacije lahko najdete v dokumentaciji. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/7\/html\/security_guide\/sec-using-aide\">AIDE Doc<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">Izvedite ve\u010d o te\u010daju.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/496312\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430. AIDE \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u201cAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Linux. AIDE \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":77299,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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