{"id":84189,"date":"2020-06-05T19:42:34","date_gmt":"2020-06-05T17:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/razvitie-data-vault-i-perehod-k-business-data-vault"},"modified":"2020-06-05T19:42:34","modified_gmt":"2020-06-05T17:42:34","slug":"razvitie-data-vault-i-perehod-k-business-data-vault","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/razvitie-data-vault-i-perehod-k-business-data-vault","title":{"rendered":"Razvoj DATA VAULT-a i prelazak na BUSINESS DATA VAULT","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>U prethodnom \u010dlanku sam govorio o osnovama DATA VAULT-a, opisao osnovne elemente DATA VAULT-a i njihovu svrhu. Me\u0111utim, ova tema se ne mo\u017ee smatrati iscrpljenom; potrebno je razgovarati o narednim fazama evolucije DATA VAULT-a.<\/p>\n<p>U ovom \u010dlanku \u0107u se fokusirati na razvoj DATA VAULT-a i prelazak na BUSINESS DATA VAULT ili jednostavno BUSINESS VAULT.<\/p>\n<h3>Razlozi za pojavu BUSINESS DATA VAULT-a<\/h3>\n<p>\nTreba napomenuti da, iako DATA VAULT ima odre\u0111ene prednosti, nije bez nedostataka. Jedan od takvih nedostataka je slo\u017eenost pisanja analiti\u010dkih upita. Upiti sadr\u017ee zna\u010dajan broj JOIN-ova, a kod postaje dug i nezgrapan. Tako\u0111e, podaci koji ulaze u DATA VAULT ne podle\u017eu nikakvim transformacijama, pa DATA VAULT u svom \u010distom obliku nema neospornu vrednost iz poslovne perspektive.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nUpravo kako bi se uklonili ovi nedostaci, metodologija DATA VAULT-a je pro\u0161irena s elementima kao \u0161to su:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PIT (point in time) tabele;<\/li>\n<li>BRIDGE tabele;<\/li>\n<li>PREDEFINED DERIVATIONS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHajde da detaljnije razmotrimo svrhu ovih elemenata.<\/p>\n<h3>PIT tabele<\/h3>\n<p>\nObi\u010dno jedan poslovni objekat (HUB) mo\u017ee sadr\u017eavati podatke s razli\u010ditim frekvencijama osve\u017eavanja. Na primer, kada govorimo o podacima koji opisuju osobu, mo\u017eemo re\u0107i da informacije o broju telefona, adresi ili e-po\u0161ti imaju ve\u0107u frekvenciju osve\u017eavanja nego, recimo, ime i prezime, podaci o paso\u0161u, bra\u010dno stanje ili pol.<\/p>\n<p>Stoga, prilikom odre\u0111ivanja satelita, treba voditi ra\u010duna o frekvenciji njihovog osve\u017eavanja. Za\u0161to je to va\u017eno? <\/p>\n<p>Ako se u jednoj tabeli \u010duvaju atributi s razli\u010ditim frekvencijama osve\u017eavanja, mora\u0107ete dodavati red u tabelu pri svakoj promeni naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e menjane atribute. Kao posledicu imamo \u2013 rast prostora na disku i produ\u017eeno vreme izvo\u0111enja upita.<\/p>\n<p>Sada, kada smo podelili satelite prema frekvenciji osve\u017eavanja, mo\u017eemo ih u\u010ditavati nezavisno, trebamo obezbediti mogu\u0107nost dobijanja a\u017euriranih podataka. Bolje je, bez upotrebe suvi\u0161nih JOIN-ova.<\/p>\n<p>Na primer, potrebno je dobiti a\u017eurirane (po datumu poslednjeg a\u017euriranja) informacije iz satelita koji imaju razli\u010ditu u\u010destalost a\u017euriranja. Za to nije dovoljno samo napraviti JOIN, ve\u0107 je potrebno kreirati nekoliko ugnije\u017edenih upita (za svaki satelit koji sadr\u017ei informacije) sa izborom maksimalnog datuma a\u017euriranja MAX(Datum a\u017euriranja). Sa svakim novim JOIN-om, ovaj kod se \u0161iri i vrlo brzo postaje slo\u017een za razumevanje.<\/p>\n<p>PIT tabela ima zadatak da pojednostavi takve upite, a PIT tabele se popunjavaju istovremeno sa unosom novih podataka u DATA VAULT. PIT tabela:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Razvoj DATA VAULT-a i prelazak na BUSINESS DATA VAULT\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/f3e0c2068e075cd5fba5321c47d755fa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDakle, imamo informacije o aktuelnosti podataka za sve satelite u svakom trenutku. Koriste\u0107i JOIN-ove sa PIT tabelom, mo\u017eemo potpuno isklju\u010diti ugnije\u017edene upite, naravno pod uslovom da se PIT popunjava svaki dan i bez presko\u010denih unosa. \u010cak i ako su u PIT-u prisutni presko\u010deni unosi, aktuelne podatke mo\u017eemo dobiti koriste\u0107i samo jedan ugnije\u017edeni upit prema samom PIT-u. Jedan ugnije\u017edeni upit \u0107e raditi br\u017ee od ugnije\u017edenih upita za svaki satelit.<\/p>\n<h3>BRIDGE<\/h3>\n<p>\nTabele tipa BRIDGE tako\u0111e se koriste za pojednostavljanje analiti\u010dkih upita. Me\u0111utim, razlika od PIT-a je da slu\u017ei za pojednostavljenje i ubrzanje upita izme\u0111u razli\u010ditih hubova, veza i njihovih satelita.<\/p>\n<p>Tabela sadr\u017ei sve potrebne klju\u010deve za sve satelite koji se \u010desto koriste u upitima. Pored toga, ako je potrebno, he\u0161irani poslovni klju\u010devi mogu se dopuniti klju\u010devima u tekstualnom formatu, ukoliko su imena klju\u010deva potrebna za analizu.<\/p>\n<p>Pitanje je da, bez kori\u0161\u0107enja BRIDGE-a, prilikom dobijanja podataka iz satelita koji pripadaju razli\u010ditim hubovima, trebalo bi izvr\u0161iti JOIN ne samo izme\u0111u samih satelita, ve\u0107 i veza koje povezuju hubove.<\/p>\n<p>Prisutnost ili odsustvo BRIDGE-a odre\u0111uje konfiguracija skladi\u0161ta, kao i potreba za optimizacijom brzine izvr\u0161enja upita. Te\u0161ko je izmisliti univerzalni primer BRIDGE-a.<\/p>\n<h3>PREDEFINED DERIVATIONS<\/h3>\n<p>\nJo\u0161 jedan tip objekata koji nas pribli\u017eava BUSINESS DATA VAULT-u su tabele koje sadr\u017ee unapred izra\u010dunate pokazatelje. Ove tabele su zaista va\u017ene za biznis, sadr\u017ee informacije agregirane prema zadatim pravilima i omogu\u0107avaju relativno jednostavan pristup ovim podacima.<\/p>\n<p>Arhitekturne PREDEFINED DERIVATIONS predstavljajo \u0161e en satelit dolo\u010denega vozli\u0161\u010da. Tako kot obi\u010dajni satelit vsebuje poslovni klju\u010d in datum oblikovanja zapisa v satelitu. S tem pa se podobnosti kon\u010dajo. Nadaljnji sestav atributov tak\u0161nega \"specializiranega\" satelita dolo\u010dajo poslovni uporabniki na podlagi najbolj iskane, vnaprej izra\u010dunane kazalnike.<\/p>\n<p>Na primer, vozli\u0161\u010de, ki vsebuje informacije o zaposlenem, lahko vklju\u010duje satelit s takimi kazalniki, kot so:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimalna pla\u010da;<\/li>\n<li>Maksimalna pla\u010da;<\/li>\n<li>Povpre\u010dna pla\u010da;<\/li>\n<li>Kumulativni skupni znesek izpla\u010dane pla\u010de itd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nLogi\u010dno je vklju\u010diti PREDEFINED DERIVATIONS v sestavo PIT tabele tega istega vozli\u0161\u010da, saj lahko brez te\u017eav pridobimo preseke podatkov o zaposlenem na izbrani datum.<\/p>\n<h3>POVZETEK<\/h3>\n<p>\nKot ka\u017ee praksa, je uporaba DATA VAULT za poslovne uporabnike nekoliko zapletena iz ve\u010d razlogov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Koda poizvedb je zapletena in obse\u017ena;<\/li>\n<li>Obilo JOIN'ov vpliva na hitro izvajanje poizvedb;<\/li>\n<li>Za pisanje analiti\u010dnih poizvedb je potrebno izjemno poznavanje strukture skladi\u0161\u010da.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDa bi poenostavili dostop do podatkov, se DATA VAULT raz\u0161irja z dodatnimi objekti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PIT (point in time) tabele;<\/li>\n<li>BRIDGE tabele;<\/li>\n<li>PREDEFINED DERIVATIONS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV nasleduj\u00facej <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/505292\/\">\u010dlanku<\/a><\/noindex> Namre\u010d, nameravam predstaviti, po mojem mnenju, najbolj zanimivo, za tiste, ki delajo z BI. Predstavljal bom na\u010dine ustvarjanja tabel - dejstev in tabel - meritev na osnovi DATA VAULT.<\/p>\n<p>Gradiva v \u010dlanku temeljijo na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vertabelo.com\/blog\/data-vault-series-the-business-data-vault\/\">publication<\/a><\/noindex> Kenta Grazianno, ki poleg podrobnega opisa vsebuje tudi sheme modela;<\/li>\n<li>Knjigi: \"Building a Scalable Data Warehouse with DATA VAULT 2.0\";<\/li>\n<li>na Lifehackerju. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/502968\/\">Osnove Data Vault<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/504214\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 DATA VAULT, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b DATA VAULT \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 DATA VAULT \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u044d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 DATA VAULT. \u0418 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438 DATA VAULT \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043a BUSINESS DATA VAULT \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e BUSINESS VAULT. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":84190,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f 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