{"id":86250,"date":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat"},"modified":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","slug":"novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","title":{"rendered":"Nov standard 802.11ah (Zelo u\u010dinkovita WLAN), kaj prina\u0161a novega in kdaj ga lahko pri\u010dakujemo?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Delovna skupina je za\u010dela delati na standardu \u017ee leta 2014 in trenutno poteka delo na osnutku 3.0. To se nekoliko razlikuje od prej\u0161njih generacij standardov 802.11, kjer je bilo vse delo omejeno na dva osnutka. Do tega prihaja zaradi zelo velikega \u0161tevila na\u010drtovanih kompleksnih sprememb, ki ustrezno zahtevajo bolj podrobno in zahtevno testiranje zdru\u017eljivosti. Sprva je bila naloga skupine izbolj\u0161ati u\u010dinkovitost uporabe spektra za pove\u010danje prepustnosti WLAN z visoko gostoto uporabni\u0161kih terminalov in dostopnih to\u010dk. Glavni motivatorji za razvoj standarda so bili: pove\u010danje \u0161tevila mobilnih uporabnikov, prenos v \u017eivo na dru\u017ebenih omre\u017ejih (poudarek na prenosu podatkov) in seveda IoT.<\/p>\n

Shematsko novosti izgledajo takole:<\/h4>\n

\"Nov<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

MIMO 8×8, more spatial streams<\/b><\/h4>\n

\n\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 MIMO 8×8, \u0434\u043e 8SS (Spatial Streams). \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 802.11\u0430\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 8 SS \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 802.11\u0430\u0441 \u00abwave 2\u00bb \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 4 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 MIMO 8\u04458 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e 8 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1\u04451, \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 2\u04452 \u0438\u0442\u0434.<\/p>\n

\"Nov<\/p>\n

MU-MIMO DL\/UL (Multi-User MIMO Downlink\/Uplink)<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nHkratna podpora za na\u010din ve\u010d uporabnikov tako za prenos kot za nalaganje. Mo\u017enost hkratnega konkurentnega dostopa do kanala za nalaganje, zdru\u017eevanje podatkovnih in kontrolnih okvirjev bo znatno zmanj\u0161alo 'overhead', kar bo privedlo do pove\u010danja prepustnosti in zmanj\u0161anja \u010dasa odziva.<\/p>\n

\"Nov<\/p>\n

Dolgi OFDM simbol<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nOFDM deluje v standardih 802.11a\/g\/n\/ac \u017ee pribli\u017eno 20 let brez sprememb. Po standardu v kanalu \u0161irine 20MGz obstaja 64 podnosilcev, ki so oddaljeni drug od drugega z intervalom 312,5 kHz (20MHz\/64). Ker je v tem \u010dasu industrija polprevodnikov napredovala dale\u010d naprej, je v 802.11ah predlagano \u0161tirikratno pove\u010danje podnosilcev na 256, z intervalom med podnosilci 78,125 kHz. Dol\u017eina OFDM simbola (\u010das) je koli\u010dina, obratno sorazmerna s frekvenco, in ta se bo ustrezno pove\u010dala \u0161tirikrat s 3,2 \u00b5s na 12,8 \u00b5s. To izbolj\u0161anje bo pove\u010dalo u\u010dinkovitost in zanesljivost prenosa podatkov, zlasti v 'outdoor' WLAN.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\"Nov <\/p>\n

Raz\u0161irjen dosega<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nDodana so nova vrednosti varnostnih intervalov med okviri, ki zdaj lahko zna\u0161ajo 1,6 \u03bcs in 3,2 \u03bcs za \u00bboutdoor\u00ab WLAN, medtem ko je za \u00bbindoor\u00ab interval ostal 0,8 \u03bcs. Novi format paketov z bolj zanesljivo (dalj\u0161o) preambulo. Vse zgoraj opisano bo omogo\u010dilo do \u0161tirikratno pove\u010danje hitrosti povezave na meji omre\u017eja.<\/p>\n

\"Nov <\/p>\n

OFDMA DL\/UL (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nEna od glavnih sprememb je uvedba OFDMA namesto OFDM. Tehnologija OFDMA se uporablja v LTE omre\u017ejih in je pokazala svojo visoko u\u010dinkovitost. Razlika je v tem, da pri prenosu v OFDM zaseda celoten frekven\u010dni kanal in dokler ne kon\u010da prenosa, naslednji odjemalec ne more zasedati frekven\u010dnega vira. Pri OFDMA se to re\u0161i tako, da se kanal razdeli na podkanale razli\u010dnih \u0161irina, imenovane RU (Resource Units). V praksi to pomeni, da se 256 podnosilcev 20MHz kanala lahko razdeli na RU po 26 podnosilcev. Vsakemu RU lahko dodelimo svojo shemo kodiranja MCS in mo\u010d prenosa.
\nNa splo\u0161no prina\u0161a pomembno pove\u010danje zmogljivosti omre\u017eja kot celote, kot tudi prepustnost za vsakega posameznega odjemalca.<\/p>\n

\"Nov
\n\"Nov<\/p>\n

1024 QAM<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nDodana sta nova MCS (Modulation and Coding Sets) 10 in 11 za modulacijo 1024-QAM. To pomeni, da bo zdaj en simbol v tej shemi prena\u0161al 10 bitov informacij, kar je 25% pove\u010danje v primerjavi z 8 bitnimi v 256-QAM.<\/p>\n

\"Nov <\/p>\n

TWT (Target Wake Time) \u2013 \u00bbUpravljanje virov za povezave\u00ab<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nMehanizem var\u010devanja z energijo, ki se je izkazal za uspe\u0161nega v standardu 802.11ah in je zdaj prilagojen v 802.11ax. TWT omogo\u010da dostopnim to\u010dkam, da obvestijo odjemalce, kdaj preiti v na\u010din var\u010devanja z energijo, ter zagotavlja urnik, kdaj se je treba zbuditi za sprejem ali prenos informacij. To so zelo kratki \u010dasovni intervali, toda mo\u017enost spanja v \u0161tevilnih kratkih obdobjih bo imela velik pomen za delovanje baterij. Zmanj\u0161anje \u00bbkonfliktov\u00ab in kolizij med odjemalci bo pove\u010dalo \u010das trajanja v na\u010dinu var\u010devanja z energijo. Odvisno od vrste prometa, lahko izbolj\u0161anje porabe energije zna\u0161a od 65% do 95% (glede na teste Broadcom). Podpora TWT je izredno pomembna za naprave IoT.<\/p>\n

\"Nov<\/p>\n

BSS Color \u2013 Prostorska ponovna uporaba<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nZa pove\u010danje kapacitete gostih WLAN omre\u017eij je potrebno pove\u010dati frekvenco ponovne uporabe kanalskih virov. Da bi se zmanj\u0161al vpliv sosednjih BSS, ki delujejo na istem kanalu, se priporo\u010da, da jih ozna\u010dimo z 'color-bit'. To bo omogo\u010dilo dinami\u010dno prilagajanje ob\u010dutljivosti CCA (clear channel assessment) in mo\u010di oddajnika. Kapaciteta omre\u017eja se bo pove\u010dala zaradi gostej\u0161ega kanala, pri \u010demer bo obstoje\u010da motnja imela manj\u0161i vpliv na izbiro MCS.<\/p>\n

\"Nov<\/p>\n

V zvezi z bli\u017enjo posodobitvijo varnostnih standardov na WPA3<\/a><\/noindex>, ne bodo imeli vsi mo\u017enosti re\u0161evanja varnostnih vpra\u0161anj zgolj z nadgradnjo programske opreme, zato bo podjetje Extreme Networks \u017ee v \u010detrtem \u010detrtletju 2018 predstavilo dostopne to\u010dke s strojno podporo za 802.11ah in WPA3. <\/p>\n

Dodatne informacije o 802.11ah<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 2014 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 draft3.0. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 802.11, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":86251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Novi standard 802.11ah (Visoko u\u010dinkoviti WLAN), kaj prina\u0161a novega in kdaj ga pri\u010dakovati? | ProHoster","description":"Delovna skupina je za\u010dela s delom na standardu \u017ee leta 2014 in zdaj poteka delo na draftu 3.0. To je nekoliko druga\u010de od prej\u0161njih generacij standardov 802.11, saj je tam vse delo potekalo v dveh osnutkih.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sl_SI","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 802.11\u0430\u0445 (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c? | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 2014 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 draft3.0. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 802.11, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-06-23T11:42:20+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-06-23T11:42:20+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"86250","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 14:19:29","updated":"2022-10-05 02:58:54","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}