{"id":88905,"date":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu"},"modified":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. Povezani su jednim lancem","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kako je povezan Apache & Nginx u Timeweb-u<\/i><\/p>\n

Za mnoge kompanije, Nginx + Apache + PHP je vrlo tipi\u010dna i rasprostranjena kombinacija, a Timeweb nije izuzetak. Me\u0111utim, razumeti kako je ta\u010dno realizovana mo\u017ee biti zanimljivo i korisno. <\/p>\n

\"Apache
\n
\nKori\u0161\u0107enje ove kombinacije, naravno, diktira potrebe na\u0161ih klijenata. I Nginx i Apache igraju posebnu ulogu, svaki re\u0161ava odre\u0111eni zadatak.<\/p>\n

Osnovne postavke Apache<\/b> se obavljaju u konfiguracionim datotekama samog Apache-a, dok se pode\u0161avanja za klijentske sajtove vr\u0161e putem datoteke .htaccess<\/b>. .htaccess je konfiguraciona datoteka u kojoj klijent mo\u017ee samostalno postaviti pravila i pona\u0161anje veb servera. Ovo pode\u0161avanje \u0107e se odnositi konkretno na njegov sajt. Na primer, zahvaljuju\u0107i funkcionalnosti Apache-a, korisnici mogu menjati na\u010din rada unutar jedne verzije PHP-a sa mod_php na mod_cgi; mogu\u0107e je pode\u0161avati preusmeravanja, optimizaciju za SEO, prijatne URL-ove, kao i odre\u0111ene limite za PHP.<\/p>\n

Nginx<\/b> se koristi kao proxy server za preusmeravanje saobra\u0107aja na Apache i kao web server<\/a> za isporuku stati\u010dkog sadr\u017eaja. Tako\u0111e smo za Nginx razvili sigurnosne module koji omogu\u0107avaju za\u0161titu podataka na\u0161ih korisnika, na primer, raspodelom prava pristupa. <\/p>\n

Zamislimo da neki korisnik ulazi na sajt na\u0161eg klijenta. Prvo, korisnik dolazi na Nginx, koji isporu\u010duje stati\u010dki sadr\u017eaj. Ovo se doga\u0111a trenutno. Zatim, kada do\u0111e trenutak za u\u010ditavanje PHP-a, Nginx preusmerava zahtev na Apache. I Apache zajedno sa PHP-om generi\u0161e dinami\u010dki sadr\u017eaj.<\/p>\n

Osobine povezanosti Apache & Nginx u Timeweb-u <\/h3>\n

\nNa na\u0161em virtuelnom hostingu implementirane su 2 osnovne sheme rada Apache & Nginx: Shared i Dedicated<\/b>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nShema Shared<\/b><\/p>\n

Ova shema se koristi za ve\u0107inu korisnika. Odlikuje je jednostavnost i resursna efikasnost: Shared shema koristi manje resursa, zbog \u010dega je i njen tarifni plan jeftiniji. Prema ovoj shemi na serveru je pokrenut jedan Nginx, koji omogu\u0107ava obradu svih korisni\u010dkih zahteva, i nekoliko instanci Apache-a.<\/p>\n

Shema Shared je dugo unapre\u0111ivana: postepeno smo ispravljali nedostatke. Pogodno je \u0161to se mo\u017ee realizovati bez potrebe za doradom izvorne kodne osnove.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nshema Shared <\/i><\/p>\n

Shema Dedicated<\/b><\/p>\n

Dedicated zahteva vi\u0161e resursa, zbog \u010dega je njen tarif skuplji za klijente. U Dedicated shemi za svakog klijenta se pokre\u0107e svoj, odvojeni Apache. Resursi se ovde rezervi\u0161u za klijenta, oni su ekskluzivni. Kako to funkcioni\u0161e: na serveru postoji nekoliko verzija PHP-a. Podr\u017eavamo verzije 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4. Tako se za svaku verziju PHP-a pokre\u0107e svoj Apache.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nDedicated shema<\/i><\/p>\n

Sigurna zona. Konfiguracija zona u Nginxu<\/h3>\n

\nRanije smo za Nginx koristili mnogo zona deljene memorije (zone) \u2014 jedan blok servera za jedan domen. Ova konfiguracija zahteva veliko koli\u010dinu resursa, jer se za svaku stranicu kreira posebna zona. Me\u0111utim, u pode\u0161avanjima Nginx-a ve\u0107ina stranica je sli\u010dna, tako da ih uspevamo smestiti u jednu zonu koriste\u0107i direktive map u modulu ngx_http_map_module<\/b>, koji omogu\u0107avaju postavljanje veza. Na primer, imamo \u0161ablon zone u koju moramo da ubacimo varijable: put do sajta, verziju PHP-a, korisnika. Tako se ubrzalo ponovno u\u010ditavanje konfiguracije Nginx-a, tj. reload.<\/p>\n

Ovako pode\u0161ena konfiguracija je zna\u010dajno u\u0161tedela resurse radne memorije i ubrzala rad Nginx-a.<\/p>\n

Reload ne\u0107e pro\u0107i! <\/h3>\n

\nU Shared shemi smo se oslobodili potrebe za ponovnim u\u010ditavanjem (reload) Apach-a prilikom promena u pode\u0161avanjima stranica. Ranije, kada je jedan klijent \u017eeleo da doda domen ili promeni verziju PHP-a, bilo je potrebno obavezno ponovo u\u010ditavanje Apach-a, \u0161to je dovodilo do ka\u0161njenja u odgovorima i negativno se odra\u017eavalo na performanse stranica.<\/p>\n

Oslobodili smo se reload-a stvaranjem dinami\u010dkih konfiguracija. Zahvaljuju\u0107i mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex> (modulu Apache), svaki proces se izvr\u0161ava od posebnog korisnika, \u0161to pove\u0107ava nivo sigurnosti. Ovaj na\u010din omogu\u0107ava prenos podataka o korisniku i njegovom document_root-u iz Nginx-a u Apache2. Tako Apache ne sadr\u017ei konfiguracije stranica, on ih dobija dinami\u010dki, a reload-i vi\u0161e nisu potrebni.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nKonfiguracija Shared sheme<\/i> <\/p>\n

A kako je sa Docker-om?<\/h3>\n

\nMnoge kompanije su pre\u0161le na sistem zasnovan na kontejnerima. Timeweb sada razmatra mogu\u0107nost takvog prelaska. Naravno, u svakom re\u0161enju se mogu na\u0107i prednosti i mane. <\/p>\n

Ob obstoje\u010dih neizpodbitnih prednostih ima uporabnik v containerskem sistemu na voljo manj virov. V Timewebu, zahvaljujo\u010d opisani shemi delovanja gostovanja, ni omejitve glede pomnilnika. Uporabnik prejme ve\u010d virov kot v kontejnerju. Poleg tega lahko uporabnik nalo\u017ei ve\u010d Apache modulov.<\/p>\n

Timeweb zagotavlja delovanje pribli\u017eno 500.000 spletnih strani. Nosimo veliko odgovornost in ne izvajamo takoj\u0161njih, neutemeljenih sprememb v zapleteni arhitekturi. Kombinacija Apache & Nginx je zanesljiva in preizku\u0161ena skozi \u010das. Mi pa se trudimo dose\u010di najve\u010djo zmogljivost s pomo\u010djo edinstvenih konfiguracij.<\/p>\n

Za kakovostno in hitro delovanje velikega \u0161tevila spletnih strani je potrebno uporabiti tako predlogo kot tudi dinami\u010dno konfiguracijo Apache in Nginx. To omogo\u010da enostavno in hitro upravljanje velikega \u0161tevila podobnih stre\u017enikov.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache & Nginx \u0432 Timeweb \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Nginx + Apache + PHP \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0438 Timeweb \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0418 Nginx \u0438 Apache \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":88906,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. Povezana v eno verigo | ProHoster","description":"Kako je realizirana povezava Apache & Nginx v Timewebu. Za mnoge podjetja je Nginx + Apache + PHP zelo tipi\u010dna in raz\u0161irjena kombinacija, Timeweb pa ni nobena izjema.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sl_SI","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c\u044e | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache & Nginx \u0432 Timeweb \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Nginx + Apache + PHP \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0438 Timeweb \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-07-16T05:42:06+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-07-16T05:42:06+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"88905","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 13:20:24","updated":"2026-02-09 15:05:02","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88905"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88905\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":158359,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88905\/revisions\/158359"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}