{"id":91731,"date":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa"},"modified":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","slug":"nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","title":{"rendered":"Malo o SMART i alatima za nadzor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V omre\u017eju je dovolj informacij o SMART in vrednostih atributov. A do zdaj nisem naletel na omembe nekaterih pomembnih vidikov, o katerih vem od ljudi, ki se ukvarjajo z raziskovanjem pomnilni\u0161kih sredstev.<\/p>\n

Ko sem znova razlagal prijatelju, zakaj prikazom SMART ne bi smeli brezpogojno zaupati in zakaj je bolje, da klasi\u010dnih \"monitorjev SMART\" ne uporabljamo nenehno, me je obiskala ideja, da povedano zapi\u0161em v obliki nizov tez s pojasnili. Tako bi lahko sklicevanja dal, namesto da bi vsakokrat znova pripovedoval. In za seznanitev \u0161ir\u0161e javnosti.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1) Programske opreme za avtomatsko spremljanje atributov SMART je treba uporabljati z veliko previdnostjo.<\/b><\/p>\n

To, kar poznate kot atribute SMART, ni shranjeno v pripravljenem obliku, ampak se generira v trenutku, ko jih zahtevate. Izra\u010dunavajo se na podlagi notranje statistike, ki jo krmilna programska oprema shranjuje in uporablja med delovanjem. <\/p>\n

Del teh podatkov naprava za zagotavljanje osnovne funkcionalnosti ne potrebuje. In ti niso shranjeni, ampak se oblikujejo vsaki\u010d, ko so potrebni. Zato, ko se poizveduje o atributih SMART, krmilna programska oprema spro\u017ei veliko \u0161tevilo procesov, ki so potrebni za pridobitev manjkajo\u010dih podatkov. <\/p>\n

Ampak ti procesi slabo sovpadajo s postopki, ki se izvajajo ob obremenitvi naprave z operacijami branja in pisanja.<\/p>\n

V idealnem svetu to ne bi smelo povzro\u010dati nobenih te\u017eav. A v resnici, programske opreme za trde diske pi\u0161ejo obi\u010dajni ljudje. Ki lahko delajo napake in jih tudi delajo. Zato, \u010de zahtevate atribute SMART med aktivnim izvajanjem operacij branja in pisanja, se mo\u010dno pove\u010da verjetnost, da bo pri\u0161lo do te\u017eav. Na primer, podatki v uporabni\u0161kem predpomnilniku branja ali pisanja lahko postanejo po\u0161kodovani.<\/p>\n

Trditev o pove\u010danju tveganj ni teoreti\u010dna sklepanje, temve\u010d prakti\u010dno opazovanje. Na primer, znana je napaka, ki se je pojavila v programski opremi HDD Samsung 103UI, kjer so bili med izvajanjem poizvedbe o atributih SMART po\u0161kodovani uporabni\u0161ki podatki.<\/p>\n

Zato ne nastavite automatsku provjeru SMART atributa. Osim ako ne znate sa sigurno\u0161\u0107u da je prethodno izdana komanda za pra\u017enjenje predmemorije (Flush Cache). Ili, ako to nije mogu\u0107e, postavite provjeru da se obavlja \u0161to rje\u0111e. U mnogim programima za pra\u0107enje, pode\u0161eno vreme izme\u0111u provjera je otprilike 10 minuta. To je pre\u010desto. Takve provjere nisu panaceja od iznenadnog kvara diska (panaceja je jedino rezervisanje). Jednom dnevno je sasvim dovoljno.<\/p>\n

Zahtjev za temperaturom pri pokretanju procesa izra\u010dunavanja atributa mo\u017ee se \u010desto izvoditi. Budu\u0107i da se to pravilno implementira putem SCT protokola. Kroz SCT se daje samo ono \u0161to je ve\u0107 poznato. Ovi podaci se automatski a\u017euriraju u pozadini.<\/p>\n

2) Podaci o SMART atributima su \u010desto nepouzdani.<\/b><\/p>\n

Mikroprogram tvrdog diska prikazuje vam ono \u0161to smatra potrebnim da poka\u017ee, a ne ono \u0161to se stvarno de\u0161ava. Najjasniji primjer je peti atribut, broj preusmjerenih sektora. Stru\u010dnjaci za oporavak podataka dobro znaju da tvrd disk mo\u017ee u petom atributu prikazivati nultu koli\u010dinu realokacija, iako one postoje i nastavljaju se pojavljivati. <\/p>\n

Postavio sam pitanje stru\u010dnjaku koji prou\u010dava tvrde diskove i istra\u017euje njihove mikroprograme. Pitao sam ga koji je princip po kojem firmware ure\u0111aja odlu\u010duje kada treba sakriti \u010dinjenicu o preusmjeravanju sektora, a kada se o tome mo\u017ee govoriti putem SMART atributa.<\/p>\n

Odgovorio je da ne postoji op\u0107e pravilo prema kojem ure\u0111aji prikazuju ili skrivaju stvarnu sliku. I logika programera koji pi\u0161u firmware tvrdih diskova ponekad izgleda vrlo \u010dudno. Istra\u017euju\u0107i firmware razli\u010ditih modela, primijetio je da se odluka 'sakriti ili pokazati' \u010desto donosi na osnovu skupa parametara koji su potpuno nejasni i kako su povezani jedni s drugima i sa preostalim resursima tvrdog diska.<\/p>\n

3) Interpretacija SMART pokazatelja je specifi\u010dna za dobavlja\u010da.<\/b><\/p>\n

Na primer, na Seagate-ih ni potrebno posve\u010dati pozornost \"slabim\" raw vrednostim atributov 1 in 7, dokler so ostali v redu. Na diskih tega proizvajalca se njihove absolutne vrednosti lahko med normalno uporabo pove\u010dujejo.<\/p>\n

\"Malo
\n
\nZa oceno stanja in preostale \u017eivljenjske dobe trdega diska je najprej priporo\u010dljivo posvetiti pozornost parametrom 5, 196, 197, 198. Pri tem je smiselno osredoto\u010diti se prav na absolutne, surove (raw) vrednosti in ne na prevedene. Prikaz atributov se lahko izvaja na nejasne na\u010dine, razli\u010dne v razli\u010dnih algoritmih in vdelavah. <\/p>\n

Na splo\u0161no, v krogu strokovnjakov za podatkovne nosilce, ko govorijo o vrednosti atributa, obi\u010dajno mislijo prav na absolutno vrednost.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":91732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Malo o SMART in orodjih za spremljanje | ProHoster","description":"Na spletu je kar precej informacij o SMART in vrednostih 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