{"id":93332,"date":"2020-09-05T19:42:54","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T17:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-my-postroili-sistemu-rezervnogo-energosnabzheniya-v-czod-tushino-inzheneriya-i-finansy"},"modified":"2020-09-05T19:42:54","modified_gmt":"2020-09-05T17:42:54","slug":"kak-my-postroili-sistemu-rezervnogo-energosnabzheniya-v-czod-tushino-inzheneriya-i-finansy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-my-postroili-sistemu-rezervnogo-energosnabzheniya-v-czod-tushino-inzheneriya-i-finansy","title":{"rendered":"Kako smo izgradili sistem rezervnog napajanja u DC \u201eTu\u0161ino\": in\u017eenjering i finansije","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kako
\n
\nDC \u00abTu\u0161ino\u00bb je komercijalni maloprodajni polumegavatni data centar za sve i sve. Klijent ne samo da mo\u017ee iznajmiti ve\u0107 instaliranu opremu, ve\u0107 mo\u017ee smjestiti i vlastitu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i nestandardne ure\u0111aje poput servera u obi\u010dnim ku\u0107i\u0161tima za stolne ra\u010dunare, rudarskih farmi ili sistema ve\u0161ta\u010dke inteligencije. Drugim re\u010dima, radi se o raznim popularnim zadacima koje doma\u0107i biznis razli\u010ditih veli\u010dina najvi\u0161e tra\u017ei. To ga \u010dini zanimljivim. U ovom postu ne\u0107ete na\u0107i ekskluzivna tehni\u010dka re\u0161enja i in\u017eenjerske inovacije. Govori\u0107emo o standardnim problemima i re\u0161enjima. To jest, o tome \u010dime se 90% stru\u010dnjaka bavi 90% svog radnog vremena.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Tier \u2014 \u0161to vi\u0161e, to bolje?<\/h3>\n

\nOtpornost DC-a \u00abTu\u0161ino\u00bb odgovara nivou Tier II. U su\u0161tini, to zna\u010di da je data centar sme\u0161ten u normalnom pripremljenom prostoru, koriste se rezervni izvori napajanja i postoje vi\u0161ak sistemskih resursa. <\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, uprkos ra\u0161irenom zabludi, nivoi Tier ne karakteri\u0161u samo \u201ecoolness\u201d data centra, ve\u0107 i stepen njegove uskla\u0111enosti s aktuelnim poslovnim zadacima. A me\u0111u njima ima mnogo onih za koje visoka otpornost ili nije su\u0161tinska ili nije toliko va\u017ena da bi se za nju pla\u0107alo dodatnih 20-25 hiljada rubalja godi\u0161nje, \u0161to u uslovima krize mo\u017ee biti prili\u010dno bolno za naru\u010dioce.<\/p>\n

Odakle ta suma? To je razlika izme\u0111u cena za sme\u0161taj informacija u centrih podatkov,<\/a> nivoima Tier II i Tier III po jednom serveru. \u0160to vi\u0161e podataka, to je uo\u010dljivija potencijalna ekonomija.<\/p>\n

Koji su zadaci u pitanju? Na primer, skladi\u0161tenje rezervnih kopija ili rudarenje kriptovaluta. U tim slu\u010dajevima, prosto stre\u017enika<\/a>, dozvoljeno za Tier II, \u0107e biti jeftinije od Tier III.<\/p>\n

Praksa pokazuje da je u ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva ekonomija va\u017enija od ve\u0107e otpornosti. U Moskvi se nalazi samo pet DC-ova sa Tier III sertifikatom. A potpuno sertifikovanih po Tier IV nema uop\u0161te. <\/p>\n

Kako je organizovan sistem napajanja u DC-u \u00abTu\u0161ino\u00bb?<\/h3>\n

\nZahteve za sistem oskrbe z elektri\u010dno energijo data centra \"Tu\u0161ino\" ustrezajo pogojem ravni Tier II. To vklju\u010duje rezervacijo elektri\u010dnih napajalnih linij po shemi N+1, rezervacijo neprekidnih napajalnih virov po shemi N+1 in rezervacijo dizelske generatorjske enote po shemi N. N+1 v tem primeru pomeni shemo z enim rezervnim elementom, ki ostaja neizkori\u0161\u010den, dokler ne pride do okvare enega od glavnih elementov v sistemu, medtem ko N pomeni shemo brez rezervacije, pri kateri okvara katerega koli elementa povzro\u010di prekinitev delovanja celotnega sistema.<\/p>\n

\u0160tevilne te\u017eave, povezane z oskrbo z energijo, se re\u0161ujejo s pravilnim izbiranjem lokacije za data center. Data center \"Tu\u0161ino\" se nahaja na obmo\u010dju podjetja, kamor \u017ee prihajata dve liniji 110 kV z razli\u010dnih mestnih elektrarn. Na opremi same tovarne se visoko napetost pretvori v srednje napetost, na vhod data centra pa prispeta dve neodvisni liniji 10 kV. <\/p>\n

Transformatorska postaja znotraj stavbe data centra pretvarja srednjo napetost v potro\u0161ni\u0161kih 240-400 V. Vse linije so vodene vzporedno, zato oprema data centra prejema napajanje iz dveh neodvisnih zunanjih virov.<\/p>\n

Nizka napetost iz transformatornih postaj je pripeljana do avtomatov za vstop v rezervi, ki omogo\u010dajo preklapljanje med mestnimi omre\u017eji. Ustanovljenim motorjem na AVR za to operacijo traja 1,2 sekunde. Vse to \u010dasovno obremenitev nosijo neprekinjeni napajalni viri.<\/p>\n

Poseben AVR je odgovoren za samodejno vklju\u010ditev dizelske generatorjske enote v primeru, da napajanje pade na obeh linijah. Zagon dizelske generatorjske enote ni hiter postopek in traja pribli\u017eno 40 sekund, med katerimi celotno oskrbo z elektri\u010dno energijo prevzamejo baterije UPS. <\/p>\n

S polno napolnjenim dizelskim generatorjem lahko podatkovni center deluje do 8 ur. Ob tem je center sklenil dve pogodbi z neodvisnimi dobavitelji dizelskega goriva, ki so se zavezali, da bodo dostavili novo koli\u010dino goriva v 4 urah po klicu. Verjetnost, da bosta hkrati pri obeh pri\u0161lo do kak\u0161nih nepredvidenih okoli\u0161\u010din, je izjemno nizka. Tako lahko avtonomija traja toliko \u010dasa, kot ga potrebujejo popravne ekipe za ponovno vzpostavitev napajanja vsaj iz enega od mestnih omre\u017eij.<\/p>\n

Kot ni te\u017eko opaziti, tu ni nobenih in\u017eenirskih raziskav. To je deloma posledica tega, da so pri gradnji in\u017eenirske infrastrukture uporabljali \u017ee pripravljene module, katerih proizvajalci se osredoto\u010dajo na nekak\u0161nega \"povpre\u010dnega potro\u0161nika\".<\/p>\n

Nesporno, vsak IT strokovnjak bo povedal, da povpre\u010dje ni \"ne riba ne meso\" in predlagal, da razvijejo edinstven sklop komponent za specifi\u010den sistem. Vendar tistih, ki so pripravljeni pla\u010dati za to zadovoljstvo, o\u010ditno ni veliko. Zato je treba biti realist. V praksi bo situacija tak\u0161na: nakup pripravljenih naprav in sestava sistema, ki bo re\u0161eval aktualne poslovne naloge. Tiste, ki se ne strinjajo s takim pristopom, bo hitro vrnil na realna tla glavni finan\u010dni direktor podjetja.<\/p>\n

Distribucijski paneli<\/h3>\n

\nTrenutno devet distribucijskih panelov oskrbuje vhodno-distribucijske naprave, \u0161tirje R\u0160 pa se neposredno uporabljajo za povezavo obremenitve. Resnih omejitev glede prostora ni bilo, vendar ga nikoli ni preve\u010d, zato je vseeno obstajal en zanimiv in\u017eenirski vidik.<\/p>\n

Kot ni te\u017eko opaziti, \u0161tevilo \"vhodnih\" in \"obremenitvenih\" panelov ne sovpada - obremenitvenih je skoraj dvakrat manj. To je postalo mogo\u010de, ker so projektanti infrastrukture podatkovnega centra sklenili uporabiti ve\u010dje panele, da bi tja pripeljali tri in ve\u010d vhodnih linij. Na vsak vhodni avtomat pripada pribli\u017eno 36 odvodnih linij, za\u0161\u010ditenih z lo\u010denimi avtomati. <\/p>\n

Tako v\u010dasih uporaba ve\u010djih modelov omogo\u010da prihranek dragocenega prostora. Enostavno zato, ker bo potrebnih manj velikih panelov. <\/p>\n

Nepretrgane napajanje<\/h3>\n

\nKot vir neprekinjenega napajanja v podatkovnem centru 'Tu\u0161ino' se uporablja Eaton 93PM z mo\u010djo 120 kVA, ki deluje v na\u010dinu dvojne konverzije. <\/p>\n

\"Kako
\nUPS Eaton 93PM so na voljo v razli\u010dnih izvedbah. Foto: Eaton <\/i><\/p>\n

Glavni razlogi za izbiro tega naprave so naslednje zna\u010dilnosti. <\/p>\n

Prvi\u010d, u\u010dinkovitost tega UPS-a v na\u010dinu dvojne konverzije dosega 97 %, v na\u010dinu var\u010devanja z energijo pa 99 %. Naprava zavzema manj kot 1,5 kvadratnega metra in ne odvzema prostora stre\u017eni\u0161ke opreme v bli\u017eini glavne opreme. To zagotavlja nizke operativne stro\u0161ke in potrebno prihranko za podjetje. <\/p>\n

Drugi\u010d, zaradi vgrajenega sistema termoregulacije lahko UPS Eaton 93PM postavimo kjerkoli. Tudi tesno ob steni. \u010ceprav to morda ni potrebno takoj, bi se lahko kasneje izkazalo za koristno. Na primer, da se sprosti malo prostora, ki ga primanjkuje za dodatno omaro. <\/p>\n

Tretji\u010d, enostavnost uporabe. Vklju\u010dno z programsko opremo Intelligent Power, ki se uporablja za spremljanje in upravljanje. Merilne enote, ki se prena\u0161ajo preko SNMP, omogo\u010dajo spremljanje porabe in morebitnih globalnih okvar, kar omogo\u010da hitro posredovanje v nujnih situacijah. <\/p>\n

\u010cetrti\u010d, modularnost in raz\u0161irljivost. To je verjetno najpomembnej\u0161a lastnost, zaradi katere v sistemu rezerviranja podatkovnega centra 'Tu\u0161ino' uporabljamo le en modularni UPS. Ta vsebuje dva delovna modula in en rezervni. Tako se zagotavlja shema N+1, potrebna za raven Tier II.<\/p>\n

To je bistveno la\u017eje in zanesljiveje kot konfiguracija treh UPS-ov. Zato je izbira naprave, ki od za\u010detka predvideva mo\u017enost vzporednega dela, povsem logi\u010dna. <\/p>\n

Toda zakaj projektanti niso izbrali DR UPS-a namesto posameznih UPS-ov in dizelskih generatorjev? Glavni razlogi tukaj niso v in\u017eeniringu, temve\u010d v financah.<\/p>\n

Modular structure is inherently designed for upgrades\u2014sources and generators are added to the engineering infrastructure as the load increases. The old ones continue to operate as they always have. The situation with DRIBP is fundamentally different: such devices must be purchased with a significant power reserve. Additionally, there are very few 'small combines', and they are quite expensive\u2014significantly more costly than individual diesel generators and UPS units. Furthermore, DRIBP is very delicate in transportation and installation. This, in turn, also affects the overall cost of the system. <\/p>\n

The existing configuration successfully solves its tasks. The Eaton 93PM UPS can support the operation of the main data center equipment for 15 minutes, meaning it has more than a 15-fold reserve. <\/p>\n

Again, the pure sine wave produced by the UPS in online mode frees the data center owner from the need to purchase separate stabilizers. This results in savings. <\/p>\n

Despite the declared simplicity of the Eaton 93PM UPS, the device is quite complex. Therefore, its maintenance in the 'Tushino' data center is handled by a third-party company that has highly qualified specialists on staff. Keeping a trained employee for this purpose in-house is an expensive pleasure. <\/p>\n

Results and Prospects<\/h3>\n

\nThus, a data center was created that provides quality services to consumers whose tasks do not require a high level of redundancy and do not assume significant economic costs. Such a service will always be in demand.<\/p>\n

With the planned construction of the second phase, the already acquired Eaton UPS will be used to create a backup power supply system. Thanks to its modular design, the modernization will come down to purchasing an additional module, which is more convenient and cheaper than a complete replacement of the device. Both the engineer and the financier will approve such an approach.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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