{"id":96001,"date":"2020-10-06T13:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-10-06T11:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sdr-dvb-t2-receiver-na-c"},"modified":"2020-10-06T13:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-10-06T11:42:04","slug":"sdr-dvb-t2-receiver-na-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sdr-dvb-t2-receiver-na-c","title":{"rendered":"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Programska definicija radia (Software Defined Radio) je metoda zamene fizi\u010dkog rada (\u0161to je u principu korisno za zdravlje) glavoboljom programiranja. SDR se predvi\u0111a kao tehnologija budu\u0107nosti, a njena glavna prednost je ukidanje ograni\u010denja u implementaciji radio protokola. Primer za to je metoda modulacije OFDM (ortogonalno mno\u017eenje frekvencija), koja je postala mogu\u0107a samo putem SDR-a. Me\u0111utim, SDR tako\u0111e pru\u017ea jednu \u010disto in\u017eenjersku mogu\u0107nost \u2014 omogu\u0107ava kontrolu i vizualizaciju signala na bilo kojoj proizvoljnoj ta\u010dki sa minimalnim naporom.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jedan od zanimljivih standarda komunikacije je zemaljsko etersko televizijsko emitovanje DVB-T2.<br \/>\nZa\u0161to? Naravno, mo\u017eete jednostavno da uklju\u010dite televizor bez ustajanja, ali nema \u0161ta da se gleda i to nije samo moje mi\u0161ljenje, ve\u0107 medicinska \u010dinjenica.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako govorimo ozbiljno, DVB-T2 je razvijen sa veoma \u0161irokim mogu\u0107nostima, uklju\u010duju\u0107i:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>unutra\u0161nja primena<\/li>\n<li>modulacija od QPSK do 256QAM<\/li>\n<li>propusni opseg od 1,7 MHz do 8 MHz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Imamo iskustvo prijema digitalne televizije po principu SDR. Standard DVB-T je prisutan u poznatom projektu GNURadio. Postoji blok gr-dvbs2rx za standard DVB-T2 (sve za isti GNURadio), ali zahteva prethodnu sinhronizaciju signala i inspiri\u0161e (posebno zahvaljuju\u0107i Ronu Economosu).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0160ta imamo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Postoji standard ETSI EN 302 755, koji detaljno opisuje prenos, ali ne i prijem.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Signal u eteru sa frekvencijom uzorkovanja 9,14285714285714285714 MHz, moduliran COFDM-om sa 32768 nosilaca, u opsegu od 8 MHz.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Preporu\u010duje se primanje takvih signala sa udvostru\u010denom frekvencijom uzorkovanja (da ni\u0161ta ne bi bilo izgubljeno) i na me\u0111ufrekvenciji ve\u0107oj od propusnog opsega (superheterodinski prijem), radi eliminacije pomeranja DC i \"curenja\" lokalnog generatora (LO) na ulazu prijemnika. Ure\u0111aji koji ispunjavaju ove uslove su preskupi za obi\u010dnu radoznalost.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>SdrPlay sa 10 Msps 10 bit ili AirSpy sa sli\u010dnim karakteristikama su redosledno jeftiniji. Ovdje se ne govori o udvostru\u010denoj frekvenciji uzorkovanja i prijem se mo\u017ee vr\u0161iti samo s direktnom konverzijom (Zero IF). Stoga (iz finansijskih razloga) prelazimo na stranu pristalica \"\u010distog\" SDR-a s minimalnom hardverskom konverzijom.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bilo je potrebno re\u0161iti dva zadatka:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sinhronizacija. Utvrditi ta\u010dno odstupanje radiofrekvencije s precizno\u0161\u0107u do faze i odstupanje frekvencije uzorkovanja.<\/li>\n<li>Prepisati standard DVB-T2 unazad.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Druga zada\u0107a zahtijeva mnogo vi\u0161e koda, ali je rje\u0161iva strpljivo\u0161\u0107u i lako se provjerava putem testnih signala. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Testni signali dostupni su na serveru BBC ftp:\/\/ftp.kw.bbc.co.uk\/t2refs\/ s detaljnim uputama.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rje\u0161enje prve zada\u0107e sna\u017eno ovisi o karakteristikama SDR ure\u0111aja i mogu\u0107nostima upravljanja. Kori\u0161tenje preporu\u010denih funkcija upravljanja frekvencijom, kako se ka\u017ee, nije imalo uspjeha, ali je donijelo puno iskustva u \u010ditanju tehni\u010dke dokumentacije, programiranju, gledanju serija, rje\u0161avanju filozofskih pitanja\u2026 jed words, nije bilo mogu\u0107e odustati od projekta. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vjera u \u201epure SDR\u201c je samo oja\u010dala. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Primamo signal onakav kakav jest, interpoliramo ga prakti\u010dno do analoga i izvodimo ve\u0107 diskretni, ali sli\u010dan stvarnom.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Blox-shema sinhronizacije:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b6362e201fb355fb63760fa901ecf73e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ovdje je sve po ud\u017ebeniku. Sljede\u0107e je malo slo\u017eenije. Potrebno je izra\u010dunati odstupanja. Postoji mnogo literature i istra\u017eiva\u010dkih \u010dlanaka koji uspore\u0111uju prednosti i nedostatke razli\u010ditih metoda. Od klasika \u2014 to su \u201eMichael Speth, Stefan Fechtel, Gunnar Fock, Heinrich Meyr, Optimum Receiver Design for OFDM-Based Broadband Transmission \u2013 Part I and II\u201c. Me\u0111utim, nisam sreo niti jednog in\u017eenjera koji zna i \u017eeli izra\u010dunavati, stoga je primijenjen in\u017eenjerski pristup. Istom metodom sinhronizacije uvedena su poremetila u testni signal. Usporedbom razli\u010ditih metrika sa poznatim odstupanjima (sam sam ih uveo) odabrane su najbolje za performanse i jednostavnost implementacije. Odstupanje primane frekvencije izra\u010dunava se usporedbom za\u0161titnog intervala i njegovog ponavljaju\u0107eg dijela. Fazna frekvencija prijema i frekvencija uzorkovanja procjenjuju se prema odstupanju faze pilot signala i tako\u0111er se koristi u jednostavnom, linearnoj ekvalizaciji OFDM signala.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Karakteristika ekvalizatora:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/d4a1bc8fc4d5e27cb7d376a810ea4485.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I sve to dobro funkcioni\u0161e ako znate kada po\u010dinje okvir DVB-T2. Za to se u signalu prenosi simbol preambule P1. Metoda detekcije i dekodiranja simbola P1 opisana je u tehni\u010dkoj specifikaciji ETSI TS 102 831 (tamo je tako\u0111er mnogo korisnih preporuka za prijem).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Autokorelacija signala P1 (najvi\u0161a to\u010dka po\u010detka okvira):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/10e052a169a20b16d28d01b1462f4ff3.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prva slika (do pokretnog prikaza ostalo je samo \u0161est mjeseci\u2026):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/8c434965be9c2450afd3c82b3ebbb4f4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In this section, we will learn what IQ imbalance, DC offset, and LO leakage are. Typically, compensation for these specific direct conversion distortions is implemented in the SDR device's driver. Therefore, it took a long time to understand that the deviation of stars from the cohesive constellation of QAM64 is the result of compensation functions. I had to disable everything and write my own solution.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>And then the picture started to move:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/0ddb224d2e0a3890ac9d335c96ba24f0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>QAM64 modulation with a specific constellation rotation in the DVB-T2 standard:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b06328fa648125249ef9b0b74522e831.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In short, this is the result of passing the mixture back through the meat grinder. The standard provides for four types of interleaving:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bit interleaving (bit interleaving with column twisting)<\/li>\n<li>cell interleaving (interleaving of cells in the encoding block)<\/li>\n<li>time interleaving (also in the block encoding group)<\/li>\n<li>frequency interleaving (interleaving of frequencies in the OFDM symbol)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As a result, we have this kind of signal at the input:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SDR DVB-T2 prijemnik na C++\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cb60687702c5f225840df30124a9ef68.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>All this is a battle for the noise immunity of the encoded signal.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"itog\">Zaklju\u010dek<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now we can see not only the signal itself and its shape, but also the control information.<br \/>\nThere are two multiplexes on air. Each has two physical channels (PLP). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>One oddity noticed in the first multiplex \u2014 the first PLP is labeled 'multiple', which makes sense since it is not the only one in the multiplex, while the second PLP is marked 'single', and that raises questions.<br \/>\nEven more interesting is the second oddity in the second multiplex \u2014 all programs are in the first PLP, while the second PLP has an unknown nature signal at a low speed. At least the VLC player, which understands around fifty video formats and as many audio formats, does not recognize it. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Oleg-Malyutin\/sdr_receiver_dvb_t2\">The project can be found here<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The project was created with the aim of determining the possibility of decoding DVB-T2 using SdrPlay (and now also AirSpy), so this is not even an alpha version.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P.S. While writing this article with difficulty, I managed to integrate PlutoSDR into the project.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Someone will immediately say that it offers only 6Msps for IQ signal output through USB2.0, but at least 9.2Msps is needed; however, that\u2019s a separate topic.<\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/522150\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Software Defined Radio (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0443 (\u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f) \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. SDR \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c SDR. \u041d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 SDR \u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":96002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Software Defined Radio (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b 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