{"id":99668,"date":"2021-04-05T22:22:44","date_gmt":"2021-04-05T20:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-oderzhal-pobedu-v-razbiratelstve-s-oracle-svyazannom-s-java-i-android"},"modified":"2021-04-05T22:22:44","modified_gmt":"2021-04-05T20:22:44","slug":"google-oderzhal-pobedu-v-razbiratelstve-s-oracle-svyazannom-s-java-i-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/google-oderzhal-pobedu-v-razbiratelstve-s-oracle-svyazannom-s-java-i-android","title":{"rendered":"Google je zmagal v postopku proti Oracle, povezanem z Javo in Androidom","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Vrhovno sodi\u0161\u010de ZDA je izdalo odlo\u010ditev v zvezi z dolgoletnim sodnim postopkom 'Oracle proti Googlu', ki se nana\u0161a na uporabo Java API v platformi Android. Sodi\u0161\u010de je opredelilo, da je uporaba Java API obravnavana kot po\u0161tena raba (fair use). <\/p>\n

Sud je prihvatio da je cilj Googlea bio stvoriti drugi sustav, usmjeren na rje\u0161avanje problema za druga\u010dije ra\u010dunalno okru\u017eenje (pametni telefoni), a razvoj Android platforme pomogao je ostvariti i popularizirati tu svrhu. Povijest pokazuje da postoje razli\u010diti na\u010dini na koje ponovna implementacija su\u010delja mo\u017ee doprinositi daljnjem razvoju ra\u010dunalnih programa. Namjere Googlea bile su usmjerene na postizanje takvog kreativnog napretka, \u010dije odr\u017eavanje predstavlja osnovnu zada\u0107u autorskog prava. <\/p>\n

Tvrtka Google preuzela je otprilike 11500 redaka opisa struktura API-ja, \u0161to \u010dini samo 0,4% od cijele implementacije API-ja, koja iznosi 2,86 milijuna redaka. Uzimaju\u0107i u obzir obim i zna\u010daj kori\u0161tenog dijela koda, 11500 redaka sud je smatrao malim dijelom zna\u010dajno ve\u0107eg cjeline. U okviru softverskog su\u010delja, kopirani redci neodvojivo su povezani s drugim kodom (koji ne pripada Oracleu) koji programeri koriste. Tvrtka Google nije kopirala spomenuti dio koda zbog njegove savr\u0161enosti ili funkcionalnih prednosti, ve\u0107 zato \u0161to je omogu\u0107io programerima da iskoriste postoje\u0107e vje\u0161tine u novom ra\u010dunalnom okru\u017eenju za pametne telefone. <\/p>\n

Spomnimo, da je leta 2012 sodnik z izku\u0161njami v programiranju privzel stali\u0161\u010de Googla in menil, da je oblikovno drevo imen API del strukture ukazov\u2014niza znakov, povezanega s specifi\u010dno funkcijo. Tak niz ukazov se v skladu z zakonom o avtorskih pravicah ne \u0161teje za predmet avtorskih pravic, ker je podvajanje strukture ukazov nujno za zagotavljanje zdru\u017eljivosti in prenosljivosti. Zato identi\u010dnost vrstic z deklaracijami in naslovnimi opisi metod ni pomembna\u2014za izvajanje podobne funkcionalnosti morajo biti imena funkcij v oblikovnem API identi\u010dna, tudi \u010de je sama funkcionalnost izvedena druga\u010de. Ker obstaja le en na\u010din izra\u017eanja ideje ali funkcionalnosti, ima vsak pravico uporabljati enake deklaracije, in nih\u010de ne more monopolizirati tak\u0161nih izjem. <\/p>\n

Podjetje Oracle je vlo\u017eilo prito\u017ebo in doseglo, da je Zvezno prito\u017ebeno sodi\u0161\u010de ZDA razveljavilo odlo\u010ditev\u2014prito\u017ebeno sodi\u0161\u010de je ugotovilo, da je Java API intelektualna lastnina Oracle. Po tem je Google spremenil strategijo in posku\u0161al dokazati, da je izvajanje Java API v platformi Android ozna\u010deno kot po\u0161tena raba, in ta poskus je bil uspe\u0161en. Stali\u0161\u010de Googla je bilo, da za ustvarjanje prenosljivega programske opreme ni potrebno pridobiti licence za API, ter da ponavljanje API za ustvarjanje zdru\u017eljivih funkcionalnih analogov spada pod 'po\u0161teno rabo'. Po mnenju Googla bi uvrstitev API v kategorijo intelektualne lastnine negativno vplivala na industrijo, saj bi spodkopala razvoj inovacij, medtem ko bi ustvarjanje zdru\u017eljivih funkcionalnih analogov programske platforme lahko postalo predmet sodnih to\u017eb. <\/p>\n

Podjetje Oracle je drugi\u010d vlo\u017eilo prito\u017ebo, in ponovno je bilo zadevo odlo\u010deno v njen prid. Sodi\u0161\u010de je presodilo, da na\u010delo \"po\u0161tene uporabe\" ni primerno za Android, saj to platformo razvija podjetje Google z lastnimi nameni, ki se ne realizirajo preko neposredne prodaje programske opreme, temve\u010d preko nadzora nad povezanimi storitvami in ogla\u0161evanjem. Pri tem Google ohranja nadzor nad uporabniki preko svojega patenta API za interakcijo s svojimi storitvami, katerega uporaba za ustvarjanje funkcionalnih analogov je prepovedana, tj. uporaba Java API ne omejuje na nekomercialno rabo. V odgovor je podjetje Google vlo\u017eilo zahtevo na vi\u0161jem sodi\u0161\u010du in Vrhovno sodi\u0161\u010de ZDA se je vrnilo k vpra\u0161anju o pripadnosti programskih vmesnikov (API) k intelektualni lastnini ter izdalo kon\u010dno odlo\u010ditev v prid Googlu.
\n
Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google je pobijedio u sporu protiv Oracle-a vezano za Java i Android | ProHoster","description":"Vrhovni sud SAD-a je donio presudu u vezi sa dugotrajnim sudskim sporom \"Oracle protiv Google-a\", koji traje od 2010. godine, vezano za kori\u0161tenje Java API-ja na Android 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