O le faʻamoemoe o lenei tusiga o le faʻafaigofieina o le faʻatulagaina o le auaunaga DHCP mo VXLAN BGP EVPN ma le DFA ie e faʻaaoga ai le Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019.
I totonu o faʻamaumauga aloaia, o le auaunaga a le DHCP e faʻavae i luga o le Microsoft Windows Server 2012 mo le ie ua faʻatulagaina e avea o se SuperScope o loʻo i ai se vaitaele Loopback (o le mea sili o lenei vaitaele o le le aofia ai o tuatusi IP uma o le vaitaele mai le vaitaele (e le aofia ai tuatusi IP = vaitaele)) ma vaitaele mo le tuʻuina atu o tuatusi IP mo fesoʻotaʻiga moni (o le mea sili lea - ua faʻatulagaina faiga faʻavae - lea e faʻamama ai le DHCP Relay Circuit ID ma o lenei DHCP Relay Circuit ID o loʻo i ai le VNI mo le fesoʻotaʻiga, o lona uiga mo se isi vaitaele lenei DHCP Relay O le ID Circuit o le a ese teisi).
To configure DHCP on Windows server.
1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, …, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment.
2. In scope B, specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope).
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box.
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.O loo iai i lenei mataupu tali i fesili nei:
Mataupu
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- ( & )
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-
Faatomuaga
O lenei vaega o loʻo lisiina faʻapuupuu uma faʻamatalaga muamua: Faʻatonuga mo le faʻatulagaina o masini fesoʻotaʻiga, RFCs faʻaaogaina i DHCP packets i fale gaosi eVPN, o le faʻaleleia o le DHCP server settings i luga o le Microsoft Windows Server 2012 i le Cisco documentation ua tuʻuina atu mo faʻamatalaga. Faʻapea foʻi ma faʻamatalaga puʻupuʻu e uiga i le Superscope ma Faiga Faʻavae i le DHCP auaunaga i Microsoft Windows Servers.
Fa'afefea ona fa'atulaga le DHCP Relay i luga ole VXLAN BGP EVPN, DFA ie
O le fa'atulagaina o le DHCP Relay i luga ole VXLAN BGP EVPN ie e le o le autu autu o lenei tusiga, aua e fai si faigofie. Ou te tuʻuina atu fesoʻotaʻiga i faʻamaumauga ma se faʻaleagaina i luga o faʻatulagaga i luga o masini fesoʻotaʻiga.
Faataitaiga o le setiina o le DHCP Relay i luga ole Nexus 9000V v9.2(3)
service dhcp
ip dhcp relay
ip dhcp relay information option
ip dhcp relay information option vpn
interface loopback10
vrf member VRF1
ip address 10.120.0.1/32 tag 1234567
interface Vlan12
no shutdown
vrf member VRF1
no ip redirects
ip address 10.120.251.1/24 tag 1234567
no ipv6 redirects
fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway
ip dhcp relay address 10.0.0.5
ip dhcp relay source-interface loopback10
RFC o loʻo faʻatinoina i le faʻaogaina o le DHCP Relay service i VXLAN BGP EVPN ie
RFC#6607: Filifiliga laiti 151(0x97) - Filifiliga Fa'asaienisi.
• Sub-option 151(0x97) - Virtual Subnet Selection (Defined in RFC#6607)
Used to convey VRF related information to the DHCP server in an MPLS-VPN and VXLAN EVPN multi-tenant environment.O le "igoa" o le VRF o loʻo i ai le kalani o loʻo tuʻuina atu.
RFC#5107: Filifiliga laiti 11(0xb) - Fa'asolo le ID Server
• Sub-option 11(0xb) - Server ID Override (Defined in RFC#5107.)
The server identifier (server ID) override sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to specify a new value for the server ID option, which is inserted by the DHCP server in the reply packet. This sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to act as the actual DHCP server such that the renew requests will come to the relay agent rather than the DHCP server directly. The server ID override sub-option contains the incoming interface IP address, which is the IP address on the relay agent that is accessible from the client. Using this information, the DHCP client sends all renew and release request packets to the relay agent. The relay agent adds all of the appropriate sub-options and then forwards the renew and release request packets to the original DHCP server. For this function, Cisco’s proprietary implementation is sub-option 152(0x98). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type cisco command to manage the function.O lo'o fa'aoga le filifiliga e fa'amautinoa ai e tu'uina atu e le kalani se talosaga e fa'afou le lisi lisi ile tuatusi IP o lo'o fa'aogaina i lenei filifiliga. (I luga o Cisco VXLAN BGP, EVPN o le faitotoa le aoga a le kalani Anycast tuatusi.)
RFC#3527: Filifiliga laiti 5(0x5) - Filifiliga So'oga
Sub-option 5(0x5) - Link Selection (Defined in RFC#3527.)
The link selection sub-option provides a mechanism to separate the subnet/link on which the DHCP client resides from the gateway address (giaddr), which can be used to communicate with the relay agent by the DHCP server. The relay agent will set the sub-option to the correct subscriber subnet and the DHCP server will use that value to assign an IP address rather than the giaddr value. The relay agent will set the giaddr to its own IP address so that DHCP messages are able to be forwarded over the network. For this function, Cisco’s proprietary implementation is sub-option 150(0x96). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type ciscocommand to manage the function.Tuatusi o le feso'ota'iga e mana'omia e le kalani se tuatusi IP.
Evolution of Cisco faʻamaumauga e uiga i le faʻatulagaina o le DHCP i luga ole Microsoft Windows Server 2012
Na ou aofia ai lenei vaega ona o loʻo i ai se tulaga lelei i le vaega a le faʻatau:
O faʻamaumauga e faʻaalia ai le faʻaogaina o le DHCP Relay i masini fesoʻotaʻiga.
O le isi tala na faʻaaogaina e faʻapipiʻi ai le DHCP i le Windows Server 2012:
O lenei tusiga o loʻo faʻaalia ai o fesoʻotaʻiga taʻitasi / VNI e manaʻomia lana lava SuperScope bundle ma lana seti o tuatusi Loopback:
If multiple DHCP Scopes are required for multiple subnets, you need to create one LoopbackX per subnet/vlan on all LEAFS and create a superscope with a loopbackX range scope and actual client IP subnet scope per vlan.
Faʻaopoopo Windows 2012 Server faʻatulagaina i faʻamaumauga mo le faʻatulagaina o masini fesoʻotaʻiga. Mo tuatusi tuatusi uma o loʻo faʻaaogaina, tasi le SuperScope i le nofoaga autu o faʻamatalaga e manaʻomia ma o le SuperScope lenei o le tuaoi o le nofoaga autu o faʻamatalaga:
Create Superscope for all scopes you want to use for Option 82-based policies.
Note
The Superscope should combine all scopes and act as the administrative boundary.
O mea uma e faʻamatalaina manino lava:
Let us assume the switch is using the address from subnet B (it can be the backbone subnet, management subnet, or any customer designated subnet for this purpose) to communicate with the Windows DHCP server. In DFA we have subnets S1, S2, S3, …, Sn for segment s1, s2, s3, …, sn.
To configure DHCP on Windows server.
1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, …, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment.
2. In scope B, specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope).
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box.
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.
DHCP ile Microsoft Windows Server (superscope & policy)
Superscope is an administrative feature of a DHCP server that can be used to group multiple scopes as a single administrative entity. Superscope allows a DHCP server to provide leases from more than one scope to clients on a single physical network. Scopes added to a superscope are called member scopes.
O le a le SuperScope - o se galuega e mafai ai e oe ona tuʻufaʻatasia le tele o vaitaele o tuatusi IP i totonu o le tasi pulega. Le fa'asalalauga i tagata fa'aoga i luga ole feso'otaiga fa'aletino tutusa (i le VLAN tutusa) tuatusi IP mai le tele o vaitaele. Afai na o'o mai le talosaga i le tele o tuatusi o se vaega o le SuperScope, ona mafai lea ona tu'uina atu i le kalani se tuatusi mai se isi Scope o lo'o aofia i totonu o lenei SuperScope.
The DHCP Server role in Windows Server 2012 introduces a new feature that allows you to create IPv4 policies that specify custom IP address and option assignments for DHCP clients based on a set of conditions.
The policy based assignment (PBA) feature allows you to group DHCP clients by specific attributes based on fields contained in the DHCP client request packet. PBA enables targeted administration and greater control of the configuration parameters delivered to network devices with DHCP.
Faiga Faʻavae - faʻatagaina oe e tuʻuina atu tuatusi IP i tagata faʻaoga e faʻatatau i le ituaiga tagata faʻaoga poʻo le parakalafa. E fa'aogaina e inisinia Cisco faiga fa'avae ile Windows Server 2012 e fa'amama e le VNI (Virtual Network Identifier).
O le tino tino
O lenei vaega o loʻo i ai faʻaiuga o suʻesuʻega, aisea e le lagolagoina ai, faʻafefea ona galue (logic), mea fou ma pe faʻafefea ona fesoasoani lenei mea fou ia i tatou.
Aisea e le lagolagoina ai le Microsoft Windows Server 2000/2003/2008?
O le Microsoft Windows Server 2008 ma fa'asologa muamua e le fa'agasolo le filifiliga 82 ma o le pepa fa'afo'i e lafo e aunoa ma le filifiliga 82.
- O le talosaga mai le kalani e lafo i Faasalalauga (DHCP Discover).
- O meafaigaluega (Nexus) e auina atu le afifi i le DHCP server (DHCP Discover + Option 82).
- E maua e le DHCP Server le pepa, fa'agasolo, toe fa'afo'i, ae leai se filifiliga 82. (DHCP Offer – aunoa ma le filifiliga 82)
- O meafaigaluega (Nexus) e maua se afifi mai le DHCP server. (DHCP Offer) Ae e le auina atu lenei pepa i le tagata e faʻaaogaina.
Sniffer data - ile Windows Server 2008 ma luga ole DHCP clientUa maua e le Windows Server 2008 se talosaga mai masini feso'ota'iga. (O lo'o iai le filifiliga 82 ile lisi)
O le Windows Server 2008 e auina atu le tali i meafaigaluega feso'otaiga. (O le filifiliga 82 e le o lisiina o se filifiliga i totonu o le afifi)
Talosaga mai le kalani - DHCP Discover o loʻo iai ae o loʻo misi le DHCP Offer
Fa'amaumauga i mea faigaluega feso'otaiga:
NEXUS-9000V-SW-1# show ip dhcp relay statistics
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Type Rx Tx Drops
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Discover 8 8 0
Offer 8 8 0
Request(*) 0 0 0
Ack 0 0 0
Release(*) 0 0 0
Decline 0 0 0
Inform(*) 0 0 0
Nack 0 0 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 16 16 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
DHCP L3 FWD:
Total Packets Received : 0
Total Packets Forwarded : 0
Total Packets Dropped : 0
Non DHCP:
Total Packets Received : 0
Total Packets Forwarded : 0
Total Packets Dropped : 0
DROP:
DHCP Relay not enabled : 0
Invalid DHCP message type : 0
Interface error : 0
Tx failure towards server : 0
Tx failure towards client : 0
Unknown output interface : 0
Unknown vrf or interface for server : 0
Max hops exceeded : 0
Option 82 validation failed : 0
Packet Malformed : 0
Relay Trusted port not configured : 0
DHCP Request dropped on MCT : 0
* - These counters will show correct value when switch
receives DHCP request packet with destination ip as broadcast
address. If request is unicast it will be HW switched
NEXUS-9000V-SW-1#
Aisea e faigata tele ai le fa'atulagaina ile Microsoft Windows Server 2012?
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 e le'o lagolagoina le RFC#3527 (Filifiliga 82 Sub-filifiliga 5(0x5) - Filifiliga So'oga)
Ae ua uma ona fa'atinoina le fa'atinoga o Faiga Fa'avae.
Faʻafefea ona galue:
- Microsoft Windows Server 2012 ei ai se vaita'ele sili (SuperScope) lea ei ai tuatusi Loopback ma vaitaele mo feso'otaiga moni.
- O le filifiliga o le vaitaele mo le tuʻuina atu o se tuatusi IP e pau i le SuperScope, talu ai o le tali na sau mai le DHCP Relay ma le tuatusi Loopback Source o loʻo aofia i le SuperScope.
- I le fa'aaogaina o Faiga Fa'avae, e filifilia e le talosaga mai le Superscope le lautele o le sui o lona VNI o lo'o iai i le Filifiliga 82 Suboption 1 Agent Circuit ID. ("0108000600"+ 24 bits VNI + 24 bits e le o iloa e aʻu o latou tau, ae o le sogisogi o loʻo faʻaalia tau o le 0 i lenei fanua.)
E faʻafefea ona faʻafaigofieina le seti ile Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019?
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 fa'atino galuega RFC#3527. O lona uiga, e mafai e le Windows Server 2016 ona iloa le feso'ota'iga sa'o mai le Filifiliga 82 Sub-filifiliga 5(0x5) - So'oga Filifiliga uiga.
E tolu fesili e tula'i vave mai:
- E mafai ona tatou faia e aunoa ma le Superscope?
- E mafai ona tatou faia e aunoa ma se Faiga Faʻavae ma faʻaliliu le VNI ile faʻailoga hexadecimal?
- E mafai ona tatou faia e aunoa ma le Scope mo Loopback DHCP Source tuatusi?
Q. E mafai ona tatou faia e aunoa ma le Superscope?
A. Ioe, e mafai ona vave faia le lautele i le vaega o tuatusi IPv4.
Q. E mafai ona tatou faia e aunoa ma se Faiga Faʻavae ma faʻaliliu le VNI ile faʻailoga hexadecimal?
A. Ioe, filifili feso'ota'iga e fa'avae ile Filifiliga 82 Suboption 0x5,
Q. E mafai ona tatou faia e aunoa ma le Scope mo Loopback DHCP Source tuatusi?
A. Leai e le mafai. Ona o le Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 o loʻo i ai le puipuiga mai talosaga leaga a le DHCP. O lona uiga, o talosaga uma mai tuatusi e le oi totonu o le DHCP server pool ua manatu leaga.
Note
All relay agent IP addresses (GIADDR) must be part of an active DHCP scope IP address range. Any GIADDR outside of the DHCP scope IP address ranges is considered a rogue relay and Windows DHCP Server will not acknowledge DHCP client requests from those relay agents.
A special scope can be created to "authorize" relay agents. Create a scope with the GIADDR (or multiple if the GIADDR's are sequential IP addresses), exclude the GIADDR address(es) from distribution, and then activate the scope. This will authorize the relay agents while preventing the GIADDR addresses from being assigned.O na. Ina ia fetuutuunai se vaitaele DHCP mo se VXLAN BGP EVPN falegaosimea ile Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019, na'o lou mana'omia:
- Fausia se vaitaele mo tuatusi Source Relay.
- Fausia se vaitaele mo feso'ota'iga a tagata o tausia
Le mea e le manaʻomia (ae mafai ona faʻatulagaina ma o le a aoga ma o le a le faʻalavelave i le galuega):
- Fausia Faiga Fa'avae
- Fausia SuperScope
Faataitaiga:Fa'ata'ita'iga o le fa'atūina o se DHCP server (e 2 tagata DHCP moni - o tagata fa'atau e feso'ota'i i le VXLAN ie)
Fa'ata'ita'iga o le fa'atulagaina o se vaitaele e fa'aoga ai:
O se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le faʻatulagaina o se vaitaele e faʻaaogaina (ua filifilia faiga faʻavae - e faʻamaonia ai e leʻi faʻaogaina faiga faʻavae mo le faʻaogaina saʻo o le vaitaele):
O se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le faʻatulagaina o se vaitaele mo tuatusi DHCP Relay Source (o le tele o tuatusi mo le tuʻuina atu e fetaui lelei ma le faʻaesea mai le vaitaele tuatusi):
Fa'atuina se auaunaga DHCP ile Microsoft Windows Server 2019
Fa'atulaga se vaitaele mo tuatusi Loopback (puna) mo le DHCP Relay.
Matou te fatuina se vaitaele fou (Scope) i le avanoa IPv4.
Wizard faufale. "Sosoo >"
Fa'atulaga le igoa ole vaita'ele ma le fa'amatalaga ole vaita'ele.
Seti le tele o tuatusi IP mo Loopback ma le mask mo le vaitaele.
Faaopoopoina o tuusaunoaga. E tatau ona fetaui lelei le vaega e le aofia ai le vaitaele.
Taimi totogi. "Sosoo >"
Fesili: E te fa'atulagaina filifiliga DHCP i le taimi nei (DNS, WINS, Gateway, Domain) pe e te faia mulimuli ane. E sili atu le vave ona tali leai, ona fa'agaoioi lea o le vaitaele ma le lima. Pe alu i le pito e aunoa ma le faʻatumuina o soʻo se faʻamatalaga ma faʻagaoioia le vaitaele i le pito o le wizard.
Matou te faʻamaonia e le o faʻatulagaina filifiliga ma e le o faʻagaoioia le vaitaele. "Fa'auma"
Matou te faʻagaoioia le vaitaele ma le lima. - Filifili Scope ma i le lisi o faʻamatalaga - filifili "Faʻagaoioia".
Matou te faia se vaitaele mo tagata faʻaoga / server.
Matou te faia se vaitaele fou.
Wizard faufale. "Sosoo >"
Fa'atulaga le igoa ole vaita'ele ma le fa'amatalaga ole vaita'ele.
Seti le tele o tuatusi IP mo Loopback ma le mask mo le vaitaele.
Faaopoopoina o tuusaunoaga. (Leai ni tuusaunoaga e mana'omia ona o le faaletonu) "Next >"
Taimi totogi. "Sosoo >"
Fesili: E te fa'atulagaina filifiliga DHCP i le taimi nei (DNS, WINS, Gateway, Domain) pe e te faia mulimuli ane. Tatou seti nei loa.
Fa'atonu le tuatusi o le faitoto'a.
Matou te fetuutuunai le tuatusi ma tuatusi DNS server.
Fa'atulagaina o tuatusi IP o 'au'aunaga WINS.
Fa'agaoioia lautele.
Ua faatulagaina le vaitaele. "Fa'auma"
iʻuga
O le faʻaaogaina o le Windows Server 2016/2019 e faʻaitiitia ai le lavelave o le setiina o se DHCP server mo se ie VXLAN (poʻo soʻo se isi lava ie). (E le manaʻomia le tuʻuina atu o fesoʻotaʻiga faʻapitoa i tagata tomai faapitoa IT: Network/Agent Circuit ID e resitala ai filiga.)
O le a galue le faʻatulagaina mo Windows Server 2012 i luga o sapalai fou 2016/2019 - ioe o le a aoga.
O lenei pepa o loʻo i ai faʻamatalaga i 2 versions: 7.X ma le 9.3. E mafua lenei mea ona o le lomiga 7.0 (3) I7 (7) o le Cisco Suggested release, ma le version 9.3 o le sili ona fou (e oʻo lava i le lagolagoina o le Multicast e ala i le VXLAN Multisite).
Lisi o puna'oa
puna: www.habr.com