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Otometi feso'ota'iga. O se mataupu mai le olaga o se tasi

Ei Habr!

I totonu o lenei tusiga matou te fia talanoa e uiga i le otometi o atinaʻe fesoʻotaiga. O le a tuʻuina atu se ata galue o le fesoʻotaʻiga o loʻo faʻagaoioia i se tasi kamupani laʻititi ae sili ona mitamita. O fa'atusa uma ma masini feso'ota'iga moni e fa'afuase'i. O le a tatou vaʻavaʻai i se mataupu na tupu i totonu o lenei fesoʻotaʻiga, lea na mafai ona mafua ai le tapunia o pisinisi mo se taimi umi ma ogaoga tupe gau. O le fofo i lenei mataupu e fetaui lelei i le manatu o le "Automation of network infrastructure". Faʻaaogaina meafaigaluega masini, matou te faʻaalia le auala e mafai ai ona e foia lelei faʻafitauli faigata i se taimi puupuu, ma o le a matou mafaufau pe aisea e tatau ai ona foia nei faafitauli i lenei auala ae le o se isi mea (e ala i le faʻamafanafanaga).

Tuuese

O a matou meafaigaluega autu mo le masini o le Ansible (e pei o se meafaigaluega masini) ma le Git (o se fale teu oloa mo Ansible playbooks). Ou te manaʻo e vave faia se faʻaagaga e le o se faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga, lea tatou te talanoa ai e uiga i le faʻaogaina o Ansible poʻo Git, ma faʻamatalaina mea autu (mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le a le roletaskimodules, faila faila, fesuiaiga i Ansible, poʻo le a le mea e tupu pe a e te ulufale i le git push poʻo le git commit commands). O lenei tala e le'o fa'atatau i le auala e mafai ai ona e fa'ata'ita'i le Ansible ma fa'atulaga le NTP po'o le SMTP i au masini. O se tala lenei e uiga i le auala e mafai ai ona e vave ma sili atu ona foia se faʻafitauli fesoʻotaʻiga e aunoa ma ni mea sese. E fautuaina foi le i ai o se malamalama lelei i le auala e galue ai le fesoʻotaʻiga, aemaise le TCP/IP, OSPF, BGP protocol stack. Matou te faia foi le filifiliga o Ansible ma Git mai le faʻatusatusaga. Afai e te manaʻomia pea le filifilia o se fofo faʻapitoa, matou te matua fautuaina le faitauina o le tusi "Network Programmability and Automation. Tomai mo le Inisinia Feso'ota'i Tupulaga e sosoo ai" saunia e Jason Edelman, Scott S. Lowe, ma Matt Oswalt.

O lea la i le tulaga.

Fausiaina o le faʻafitauli

Seʻi o tatou mafaufau i se tulaga: 3 i le vaveao, o loo e moe vave ma miti. Telefoni telefoni. Ua valaau le faatonu fa'apitoa:

- Ioe?
— ###, ####, #####, ua pa'u le fuifui afi ma ua le toe tulai mai!!!
E te fufulu ou mata, taumafai e malamalama i le mea o loʻo tupu ma mafaufau pe faʻapefea ona tupu lenei mea. I luga o le telefoni e mafai ona e faʻalogoina le saeia o lauulu i luga o le ulu o le faatonu, ma fai mai e toe valaʻau aua o loʻo valaʻau o ia e le lautele i le laina lona lua.

O le afa itula mulimuli ane, na e aoina ai faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga muamua mai le sifi tiute, fafagu i luga tagata uma e mafai ona fafagu. O le iʻuga, e leʻi pepelo le faatonu faʻapitoa, o mea uma lava e pei ona i ai, o le fuifui autu o pa puipui ua pa'ū, ma e leai ni gaioiga faʻavae a le tino e aumaia ai o ia i ona lagona. O auaunaga uma e ofoina atu e le kamupani e le aoga.

Filifili se faʻafitauli i lou tofo, o le a manatua e tagata uma se mea ese. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, ina ua maeʻa se faʻafouga i le po i le leai o se avega mamafa, na lelei mea uma, ma o tagata uma na momoe fiafia. Na amata ona tafe le taavale, ma ua amata ona taumasuasua le pa puipui ona o se pusa i le avetaavale kata fesoʻotaʻiga.

E mafai e Jackie Chan ona fa'amatala lelei le tulaga.

Otometi feso'ota'iga. O se mataupu mai le olaga o se tasi

Faafetai Jackie.

E le o se tulaga manaia tele, a ea?

Sei o tatou tu'ua le tatou feso'ota'iga uso ma ona mafaufauga fa'anoanoa mo sina taimi.

Seʻi o tatou talanoaina pe faapefea ona tuputupu aʻe mea e tutupu.

Matou te fautua atu le faasologa o loo i lalo o le tuuina atu o mea

  1. Se'i o tatou va'ai i le ata o feso'ota'iga ma va'ai pe fa'apefea ona galue;
  2. O le a matou faʻamatalaina pe faʻafefea ona matou faʻafeiloaʻi tulaga mai le tasi router i le isi e faʻaaoga ai le Ansible;
  3. Sei o tatou talanoa e uiga i le otometi o atinaʻe IT atoa.

Fa'afanua feso'ota'iga ma fa'amatalaga

Fuafuaga

Otometi feso'ota'iga. O se mataupu mai le olaga o se tasi

Seʻi o tatou iloiloina le ata talafeagai o la tatou faalapotopotoga. Matou te le taʻua ni mea faʻapitoa gaosi oloa; mo faamoemoega o lenei tusiga e le afaina (O le a mateina e le tagata faitau mataalia po o le a le ituaiga meafaigaluega e faʻaaogaina). Ua na'o se tasi lea o fa'amanuiaga lelei o le galulue fa'atasi ma Ansible; pe a fa'atutu, e masani ona matou le popole po'o le a le ituaiga meafaigaluega. Tau lava ina ia malamalama, o meafaigaluega ia mai tagata faʻatau lauiloa, e pei o Cisco, Juniper, Check Point, Fortinet, Palo Alto...e mafai ona e suitulaga i lau lava filifiliga.

E lua a matou galuega autu mo le felauaiga o feoaiga:

  1. Ia mautinoa le lolomiina oa matou auaunaga, o pisinisi a le kamupani;
  2. Tuuina atu fesoʻotaʻiga ma lala, nofoaga faʻamaumauga mamao ma faʻalapotopotoga lona tolu (paaga ma tagata faʻatau), faʻapea foʻi ma le avanoa o lala ile Initaneti e ala ile ofisa tutotonu.

Sei o tatou amata i elemene autu:

  1. E lua laina tuaoi (BRD-01, BRD-02);
  2. Fa'aputuga Fa'amalama (FW-CLUSTER);
  3. Kisi autu (L3-CORE);
  4. O se alalaupapa o le a avea ma laina ola (a'o tatou foia le faafitauli, o le a tatou faʻafeiloaʻi le fesoʻotaʻiga mai le FW-CLUSTER i le EMERGENCY) (EMERGENCY);
  5. Suiga mo le puleaina o atinaʻe fesoʻotaʻiga (L2-MGMT);
  6. masini masini ma Git ma Ansible (VM-AUTOMATION);
  7. O se komepiuta feavea'i o lo'o fa'atinoina ai su'ega ma le atina'eina o tusi ta'aloga mo le Ansible (Laptop-Automation).

O lo'o fa'atulagaina le feso'ota'iga i se fa'asologa fa'asolosolo OSPF ma vaega nei:

  • Avanoa 0 - vaega e aofia ai le au taʻavale e nafa ma le feʻaveaʻi o feoaiga i le sone FUAFUAGA;
  • Vaega 1 - vaega o lo'o aofia ai 'auala e nafa ma le fa'atinoina o auaunaga a le kamupani;
  • Vaega 2 – vaega o lo'o aofia ai ta'avale e nafa ma le fa'atonutonuina o feoaiga;
  • Area N – vaega o feso'ota'iga lala.

I luga o laina tuaoi, ua faia ai se telefoni feaveaʻi (VRF-INTERNET), lea e faʻapipiʻi ai le vaaiga atoa o le eBGP ma le AS ua tofia. iBGP ua faʻatulagaina i le va o VRFs. O loʻo i ai i le kamupani le vaitaele o tuatusi paʻepaʻe o loʻo lomia i luga o nei VRF-INTERNET. O nisi o tuatusi pa'epa'e e ave sa'o i le FW-CLUSTER (tuatusi o lo'o fa'agaioi ai auaunaga a le kamupani), o nisi e fa'asalalauina i le sone FESOASOANI (au'aunaga a le kamupani i totonu e mana'omia ai tuatusi IP fafo, ma tuatusi NAT i fafo mo ofisa). O le isi, o le felauaiga e alu i le telefoni feaveaʻi na faia ile L3-CORE faʻatasi ai ma tuatusi paʻepaʻe ma lanu efuefu (security zones).

O lo'o fa'aogaina e le Pulega feso'ota'iga tu'ufa'atasiga ma fa'atusaina se feso'ota'iga fa'apitoa. O le fesoʻotaʻiga pulega e vaevaeina foi i sone saogalemu.
O le fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i e fa'aluaina le FW-CLUSTER. O feso'ota'iga uma i luga e le atoatoa se'i vagana i latou e va'ava'ai i le feso'ota'iga pulega.

Otometi ma lona faʻamatalaga

Na matou iloa le auala e galue ai le upega tafailagi. Se'i o tatou va'ava'ai la'asaga la'asaga i le mea o le a tatou faia e fa'aliliu ai felauaiga mai le FW-CLUSTER i le FA'AMATALAGA:

  1. Matou te faʻamalo le fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le ki autu (L3-CORE) e faʻafesoʻotaʻi i le FW-CLUSTER;
  2. Matou te faʻamalo le fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le L2-MGMT kernel ki e faʻafesoʻotaʻi i le FW-CLUSTER;
  3. Matou te faʻapipiʻi le router EMERGENCY (e ala i le faaletonu, o fesoʻotaʻiga uma e le atoatoa i luga, sei vagana ai latou e fesoʻotaʻi ma L2-MGMT):

  • Matou te fa'aogaina feso'ota'iga i luga ole EMERGENCY;
  • Matou te faʻatulagaina le tuatusi IP fafo (mo NAT) sa i luga o le FW-Cluster;
  • Matou te fa'atupuina talosaga gARP ina ia suia ai tuatusi poppy ile L3-CORE arp tables mai le FW-Cluster ile EMERGENCY;
  • Matou te resitalaina le ala faʻaletonu e pei o le BRD-01, BRD-02;
  • Fausia tulafono NAT;
  • Si'i ile EMERGENCY OSPF Area 1;
  • Si'i ile EMERGENCY OSPF Area 2;
  • Matou te suia le tau o auala i le Area 1 i le 10;
  • Matou te suia le tau o le auala faʻaletonu i le Area 1 i le 10;
  • Matou te suia tuatusi IP e fesoʻotaʻi ma L2-MGMT (i latou sa i luga ole FW-CLUSTER);
  • Matou te fa'atupuina talosaga gARP ina ia sui tuatusi poppy i le L2-MGMT arp tables mai le FW-CLUSTER i le EMERGENCY.

Toe fo'i, tatou te toe fo'i i le fa'avae muamua o le fa'afitauli. Ta le tolu i le taeao, tele le atuatuvale, o se mea sese i soo se laasaga e mafai ona oo atu ai i ni faafitauli fou. Ua sauni e lolomi poloaiga e ala ile CLI? Ioe? Lelei, alu e fufulu ou foliga, inu sina kofe ma aoina lou malosi.
Bruce, fa'amolemole fesoasoani i tama.

Otometi feso'ota'iga. O se mataupu mai le olaga o se tasi

Ia, o lo'o fa'aauau pea le fa'aleleia atili o la matou masini.
O lo'o i lalo le ata o le fa'aogaina o le tusi ta'alo i upu Ansible. O lenei polokalame e atagia mai ai mea na matou faʻamatalaina i luga, ua naʻo se faʻatinoga faʻapitoa i Ansible.
Otometi feso'ota'iga. O se mataupu mai le olaga o se tasi

I lenei laʻasaga, na matou iloa le mea e tatau ona fai, fausia se tusi taʻavale, faia suʻega, ma o lea ua matou sauni e faʻalauiloa.

O le isi fa'ase'esega pese la'ititi. O le faigofie o le tala e le tatau ona faaseseina oe. O le faagasologa o le tusiaina o tusi ta'aloga sa le'i faigofie ma vave e pei ona foliga mai ai. O suʻega na umi se taimi, na faia se virtual stand, o le fofo na faʻataʻitaʻiina i le tele o taimi, e tusa ma le 100 suʻega na faia.

Sei o tatou amata... E i ai se lagona o mea uma o loʻo tupu lemu, o loʻo i ai se mea sese i se mea, o le a le aoga se mea i le iuga. O le lagona o le osooso ma se parachute, ae e le manaʻo le parachute e tatala vave ... o le mea masani lea.

Ma le isi, matou te faitau i le taunuʻuga o gaioiga faʻatinoina o le Ansible playbook (ua suia tuatusi IP mo faʻamoemoega faalilolilo):

[xxx@emergency ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/inventories/prod_inventory.ini /etc/ansible/playbooks/emergency_on.yml 

PLAY [------->Emergency on VCF] ********************************************************

TASK [vcf_junos_emergency_on : Disable PROD interfaces to FW-CLUSTER] *********************
changed: [vcf]

PLAY [------->Emergency on MGMT-CORE] ************************************************

TASK [mgmt_junos_emergency_on : Disable MGMT interfaces to FW-CLUSTER] ******************
changed: [m9-03-sw-03-mgmt-core]

PLAY [------->Emergency on] ****************************************************

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable EXT-INTERNET interface] **************************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Generate gARP for EXT-INTERNET interface] ****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable static default route to EXT-INTERNET] ****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change NAT rule to EXT-INTERNET interface] ****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=12)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=14)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=15)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=16)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=17)

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable OSPF Area 1 PROD] ******************************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable OSPF Area 2 MGMT] *****************************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change OSPF Area 1 interfaces costs to 10] *****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1001)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1002)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1003)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1004)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1005)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1006)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1007)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1008)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1009)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1010)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1011)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1012)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1013)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1100)

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change OSPF area1 default cost for to 10] ******************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change MGMT interfaces ip addresses] ********************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n.254', u'name': u'VLAN-803'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+1.254', u'name': u'VLAN-805'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+2.254', u'name': u'VLAN-807'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+3.254', u'name': u'VLAN-809'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+4.254', u'name': u'VLAN-820'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+5.254', u'name': u'VLAN-822'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+6.254', u'name': u'VLAN-823'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+7.254', u'name': u'VLAN-824'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+8.254', u'name': u'VLAN-850'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+9.254', u'name': u'VLAN-851'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+10.254', u'name': u'VLAN-852'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+11.254', u'name': u'VLAN-853'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+12.254', u'name': u'VLAN-870'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+13.254', u'name': u'VLAN-898'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+14.254', u'name': u'VLAN-899'})

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Generate gARPs for MGMT interfaces] *********************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n.254', u'name': u'VLAN-803'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+1.254', u'name': u'VLAN-805'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+2.254', u'name': u'VLAN-807'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+3.254', u'name': u'VLAN-809'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+4.254', u'name': u'VLAN-820'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+5.254', u'name': u'VLAN-822'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+6.254', u'name': u'VLAN-823'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+7.254', u'name': u'VLAN-824'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+8.254', u'name': u'VLAN-850'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+9.254', u'name': u'VLAN-851'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+10.254', u'name': u'VLAN-852'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+11.254', u'name': u'VLAN-853'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+12.254', u'name': u'VLAN-870'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+13.254', u'name': u'VLAN-898'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+14.254', u'name': u'VLAN-899'})

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************

Ua faia!

O le mea moni, e leʻi saunia lelei, aua neʻi galo e uiga i le fesoʻotaʻiga o taʻiala faʻatautaia ma le utaina o le tele o auala ile FIB. E le mafai ona tatou faatosinaina lenei mea i soo se auala. Matou te faatali. Na manuia. O lea ua saunia.

Ma i totonu o le nuʻu o Vilabajo (lea e le manaʻo e faʻaogaina le seti fesoʻotaʻiga) latou te faʻaauau pea ona fufulu ipu. Bruce (ioe, ua uma ona ese, ae e le itiiti ifo le manaia) o loo taumafai e malamalama i le tele o le toe fetuunaiga o le tusi lesona o le a faia.

Otometi feso'ota'iga. O se mataupu mai le olaga o se tasi

Ou te fia mafaufau foi i se tasi o manatu taua. E mafai faapefea ona tatou toe maua mea uma? A maeʻa sina taimi, o le a matou toe faʻafoʻi mai le matou FW-CLUSTER i le ola. O le meafaigaluega autu lea, ae le o le faʻamaumauga, o le fesoʻotaʻiga e tatau ona taʻavale i luga.

E te lagona le auala ua amata ai ona mu le 'aufaipisinisi? O le a faʻalogoina e le faʻatonu faʻapitoa le afe o finauga pe aisea e le tatau ai ona faia lenei mea, aisea e mafai ai ona faia lenei mea mulimuli ane. O le mea e leaga ai, o le auala lea e galue ai le fesoʻotaʻiga mai le tele o patches, fasi, ma toega o lona taugata muamua. E foliga mai o se ie soosoo. O la tatou galuega i le lautele, e le o lenei tulaga patino, ae i se tulaga lautele i mataupu faavae, e pei o tagata tomai faapitoa IT, o le aumaia lea o le galuega o le fesoʻotaʻiga i le matagofie o le upu Igilisi "tutusa", e matua tele lava, e mafai ona faaliliuina e pei o: coherence , tutusa, manatu, felagolagoma'i, systematicity, comparability, coherence. O mea uma e uiga ia te ia. E naʻo le setete lea e mafai ona faʻaogaina le fesoʻotaʻiga, matou te malamalama lelei i mea e aoga ma pe faʻafefea, matou te malamalama lelei i mea e tatau ona suia, pe a manaʻomia, matou te iloa lelei le mea e vaʻai pe a tulaʻi mai faafitauli. Ma e na'o sea feso'ota'iga e mafai ai ona e faia togafiti e pei o mea ia na matou fa'amatalaina.

O le mea moni, na saunia se isi tusi taʻaloga, lea na toe faʻafoʻi ai le tulaga i lo latou tulaga muamua. O le fa'atatau o lona fa'agaioiga e tutusa lava (e taua le manatua o le fa'atonuga o galuega e taua tele), ina ia le fa'aumiina se tala umi, na matou filifili e le tu'uina se lisi o le fa'atinoga o le ta'aloga. A maeʻa le faia o ia faʻamalositino, o le ae lagona le sili atu le toʻa ma sili atu le toʻa i le lumanaʻi, faʻaopoopo, soʻo se tootoo na e faʻaputuina iina o le a vave ona faʻaalia i latou lava.

So'o se tasi e mafai ona tusi mai ia i matou ma maua fa'apogai o fa'ailoga tusitusia uma, fa'atasi ai ma palybooks uma. Feso'ota'iga i fa'amatalaga.

sailiiliga

I lo matou manatu, o faiga e mafai ona otometi e leʻi faʻamaonia. E tusa ai ma mea na matou fetaiai ma mea o loʻo talanoaina e a matou paaga i Sisifo, o autu nei o loʻo vaʻaia i le taimi nei:

  • Tuuina atu o masini;
  • aoina o fa'amaumauga;
  • Lipoti;
  • Fa'afitauli;
  • Usiusitai

Afai e iai se fiafia, e mafai ona faaauau le talanoaga i se tasi o mataupu ua tuuina mai.

Ou te fia talanoa atu foi e uiga i le masini. Le mea e tatau ona i ai i lo tatou malamalama:

  • O le faiga e tatau ona ola e aunoa ma se tagata, aʻo faʻaleleia e se tagata. E le tatau ona faalagolago le faiga i tagata;
  • Fa'agaioiga e tatau ona fa'apitoa. E leai se vasega o tagata tomai faapitoa e faia galuega masani. O loʻo i ai tagata tomai faʻapitoa na faʻaaogaina le masani atoa ma foia naʻo faʻafitauli faigata;
  • O galuega masani masani e otometi lava ona fai "i le pa'i o se ki", e leai ni punaoa e faʻaumatia. O le taunuuga o ia galuega e masani lava ona vavalo ma malamalama.

Ma o le a le mea e tatau ona taʻitaʻia ai nei manatu:

  • Faʻamalamalamaga o atinaʻe IT (Faʻaitiitia le lamatiaga o le faʻaogaina, faʻaonaponei, faʻatinoga. Faʻaitiitia taimi faʻaletonu i le tausaga);
  • Le gafatia e fuafua ai punaoa IT (Mataaga-fuafuaina faiga - e mafai ona e vaʻaia le tele o mea e faʻaaogaina, e mafai ona e vaʻai pe fia le tele o punaoa e manaʻomia i se faiga e tasi, ae le o tusi ma asiasiga i matagaluega pito i luga);
  • Avanoa e faʻaititia le numera o le aufaigaluega IT.

Tusitala o le tusiga: Alexander Chelovekov (CCIE RS, CCIE SP) ma Pavel Kirillov. Matou te fiafia e faʻatalanoa ma tuʻuina atu fofo i luga o le autu o le IT infrastructure automation.


puna: www.habr.com

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