O vaega eseese o le DNS faagaioiga ua uma ona paʻi atu i ai le tusitala i le tele o
Seia oʻo mai talu ai nei, e ui lava i le faʻaalia o le faʻaogaina o le DNS traffic, lea o loʻo i ai pea, mo le tele o vaega, faʻasalalau i le manino, i gaioiga leaga i luga o le vaega a le au tuʻuina atu o loʻo taumafai e faʻateleina a latou tupe maua e ala i le faʻapipiʻiina o faʻasalalauga i totonu, ofisa o le puipuiga a le malo ma le faʻasalaga, faapea foi ma tagata solitulafono, o le faagasologa
O le mea e lelei ai, ua suia le tulaga. Aemaise lava, o le au atiaʻe o le lauiloa Firefox browser
1. DNS-over-HTTPS faafitauli
I le tepa muamua, o le amataga o le faʻaofiina o DNS-over-HTTPS i totonu o le Initaneti e mafua ai naʻo se tali lelei. Ae ui i lea, o le tiapolo, e pei ona latou fai mai ai, o loʻo i totonu o faʻamatalaga.
O le fa'afitauli muamua o lo'o fa'atapula'aina ai le lautele o le fa'aoga lautele a le DoH o lona taula'i na'o luga ole laiga i luga ole laiga. O le mea moni, o le HTTP protocol ma lona version HTTP/2 o lo'o iai nei, lea e fa'avae ai le DoH, o le fa'avae ia o le WWW. Ae o le Initaneti e le naʻo le upega tafaʻilagi. O loʻo i ai le tele o auaunaga taʻutaʻua, e pei o imeli, feʻau faʻavavevave, faiga faʻafeiloaʻiga faila, faʻasalalauga multimedia, ma isi, e le faʻaogaina le HTTP. O lea, e ui lava i le manatu o le toʻatele o le DoH o se faʻamaʻi, e foliga mai e le aoga e aunoa ma se faʻaopoopoga (ma le le manaʻomia) taumafaiga mo soʻo se isi lava mea nai lo tekinolosi suʻesuʻe. I le ala, DNS-over-TLS e foliga mai o se sui e sili atu ona agavaa mo lenei matafaioi, lea e faʻatinoina le faʻapipiʻiina o faʻasalalauga masani DNS i le TLS faʻamautu faʻamaonia.
O le faʻafitauli lona lua, lea e sili atu le taua nai lo le muamua, o le lafoaʻia moni o le tuʻufaʻatasiga faʻapitoa o DNS e ala i le mamanu e faʻaaoga ai se tasi DoH server ua faʻamaonia i totonu o le browser. Aemaise lava, ua fautuaina e Mozilla le faʻaaogaina o se auaunaga mai Cloudflare. O se auaunaga faapena na faalauiloaina foi e isi tagata lauiloa i luga ole Initaneti, aemaise lava Google. E foliga mai o le faʻatinoina o le DNS-over-HTTPS i le tulaga o loʻo faʻatulagaina nei e faʻateleina ai le faʻalagolago o tagata faʻauʻu i luga o le tele o auaunaga. E le o se mea faalilolilo o faʻamatalaga e mafai ona tuʻuina atu e le auʻiliʻiliga o fesili DNS e mafai ona aoina atili faʻamatalaga e uiga i ai, faʻapea foʻi ma le faʻateleina o lona saʻo ma le talafeagai.
I lenei tulaga, o le tusitala o loʻo avea ma lagolago i le tele o faʻatinoga e le o DNS-over-HTTPS, ae o DNS-over-TLS faʻatasi ma DNSSEC / DANE o se lautele, malupuipuia ma le faʻaogaina e faʻalauteleina ai le faʻaogaina o le Initaneti. mo le faʻamautinoaina o le saogalemu o fefaʻatauaiga DNS. Ae paga lea, ona o mafuaaga manino, e le mafai ona matou faʻamoemoeina le faʻatinoina vave o le lagolago tele mo le DoH isi mea i totonu o polokalama faakomepiuta, ma o loʻo avea pea ma vaega o tagata e fiafia i tekinolosi saogalemu.
Ae talu ai o lea ua iai le DoH, aisea e le faʻaaogaina ai pe a uma ona sola ese mai le mataʻituina e faʻalapotopotoga e ala ia latou 'auʻaunaga i la tatou lava DNS-over-HTTPS server?
2. DNS-over-HTTPS protocol
Afai e te tilotilo i le tulaga masani
E tusa ai ma le tulaga masani, e naʻo HTTP/2 ma se fesoʻotaʻiga TLS malupuipuia e lagolagoina.
O le tu'uina atu o se talosaga DNS e mafai ona fa'aoga i le GET ma le POST masani. I le tulaga muamua, o le talosaga e suia i se manoa faʻapipiʻi base64URL, ma i le lona lua, e ala i le tino o le POST talosaga i le binary form. I lenei tulaga, o se ituaiga faʻamatalaga MIME faʻapitoa e faʻaaogaina i le taimi ole talosaga DNS ma tali talosaga/dns-feau.
root@eprove:~ # curl -H 'accept: application/dns-message' 'https://my.domaint/dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE' -v
* Trying 2001:100:200:300::400:443...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to eprove.net (2001:100:200:300::400) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
* CAfile: /usr/local/share/certs/ca-root-nss.crt
CApath: none
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
* subject: CN=my.domain
* start date: Jul 22 00:07:13 2019 GMT
* expire date: Oct 20 00:07:13 2019 GMT
* subjectAltName: host "my.domain" matched cert's "my.domain"
* issuer: C=US; O=Let's Encrypt; CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
* SSL certificate verify ok.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multi-use
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x801441000)
> GET /dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE HTTP/2
> Host: eprove.net
> User-Agent: curl/7.65.3
> accept: application/dns-message
>
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 100)!
< HTTP/2 200
< server: h2o/2.3.0-beta2
< content-type: application/dns-message
< cache-control: max-age=86274
< date: Thu, 12 Sep 2019 13:07:25 GMT
< strict-transport-security: max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload
< content-length: 45
<
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
* Failed writing body (0 != 45)
* stopped the pause stream!
* Connection #0 to host eprove.net left intact
Fa'alogo lelei fo'i i le ulutala fa'atonuga fa'aoga: i le tali mai le web server. I le parakalafa matua-matua o lo'o i ai le tau TTL mo fa'amaumauga DNS e toe fa'afo'i mai (po'o le tau maualalo pe a toe fa'afo'i mai se seti).
Fa'avae i luga, o le fa'agaioiga a le DoH server e tele vaega.
- Maua se talosaga HTTP. Afai ole GET lea ona fa'asolo lea ole pepa mai le base64URL encoding.
- Auina atu lenei afifi ile DNS server.
- Maua se tali mai le DNS server
- Su'e le tau maualalo TTL i fa'amaumauga na maua.
- Toe faafoi se tali i le kalani e ala ile HTTP.
3. Lau lava DNS-over-HTTPS server
O le auala sili ona faigofie, sili ona vave ma sili ona aoga e faʻatautaia ai lau lava DNS-over-HTTPS server o le faʻaogaina lea o le HTTP/2 web server.
O lenei filifiliga e lagolagoina e le mea moni o tulafono uma a lau lava DoH server e mafai ona faʻatinoina atoatoa e faʻaaoga ai le faʻaliliu upu tuʻufaʻatasia i totonu o le H2O lava ia.
root@beta:~ # uname -v
FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE-p10 GENERIC
root@beta:~ # cd /usr/ports/www/h2o
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # make extract
===> License MIT BSD2CLAUSE accepted by the user
===> h2o-2.2.6 depends on file: /usr/local/sbin/pkg - found
===> Fetching all distfiles required by h2o-2.2.6 for building
===> Extracting for h2o-2.2.6.
=> SHA256 Checksum OK for h2o-h2o-v2.2.6_GH0.tar.gz.
===> h2o-2.2.6 depends on file: /usr/local/bin/ruby26 - found
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # cd work/h2o-2.2.6/deps/
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # git clone https://github.com/iij/mruby-socket.git
Клонирование в «mruby-socket»…
remote: Enumerating objects: 385, done.
remote: Total 385 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 385
Получение объектов: 100% (385/385), 98.02 KiB | 647.00 KiB/s, готово.
Определение изменений: 100% (208/208), готово.
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # ll
total 181
drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 18 12 авг. 16:09 brotli/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4 12 авг. 16:09 cloexec/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 5 12 авг. 16:09 golombset/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 35 12 авг. 16:09 klib/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 5 12 авг. 16:09 libgkc/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 26 12 авг. 16:09 libyrmcds/
drwxr-xr-x 13 root wheel 32 12 авг. 16:09 mruby/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 11 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-digest/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-dir/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-env/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 9 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-errno/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 14 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-file-stat/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-iijson/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 11 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-input-stream/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 11 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-io/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-onig-regexp/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-pack/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-require/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 10 12 сент. 16:10 mruby-socket/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 9 12 авг. 16:09 neverbleed/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 13 12 авг. 16:09 picohttpparser/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4 12 авг. 16:09 picotest/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 16 12 авг. 16:09 picotls/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 8 12 авг. 16:09 ssl-conservatory/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 18 12 авг. 16:09 yaml/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 8 12 авг. 16:09 yoml/
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # cd ../../..
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # make install clean
...
O le faatulagaga o le upega tafailagi e masani ona masani.
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # cd /usr/local/etc/h2o/
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # cat h2o.conf
# this sample config gives you a feel for how h2o can be used
# and a high-security configuration for TLS and HTTP headers
# see https://h2o.examp1e.net/ for detailed documentation
# and h2o --help for command-line options and settings
# v.20180207 (c)2018 by Max Kostikov http://kostikov.co e-mail: [email protected]
user: www
pid-file: /var/run/h2o.pid
access-log:
path: /var/log/h2o/h2o-access.log
format: "%h %v %l %u %t "%r" %s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-agent}i""
error-log: /var/log/h2o/h2o-error.log
expires: off
compress: on
file.dirlisting: off
file.send-compressed: on
file.index: [ 'index.html', 'index.php' ]
listen:
port: 80
listen:
port: 443
ssl:
cipher-suite: ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS
cipher-preference: server
dh-file: /etc/ssl/dhparams.pem
certificate-file: /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/eprove.net/fullchain.pem
key-file: /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/my.domain/privkey.pem
hosts:
"*.my.domain":
paths: &go_tls
"/":
redirect:
status: 301
url: https://my.domain/
"my.domain:80":
paths: *go_tls
"my.domain:443":
header.add: "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload"
paths:
"/dns-query":
mruby.handler-file: /usr/local/etc/h2o/h2odoh.rb
Pau lava le tuusaunoaga o le URL e fa'afoeina /dns-query lea, o le mea moni, o le matou DNS-over-HTTPS server, tusia i le mruby ma valaʻau e ala i le faʻatonuga filifiliga, e nafa ma mruby.handler-file.
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # cat h2odoh.rb
# H2O HTTP/2 web server as DNS-over-HTTP service
# v.20190908 (c)2018-2019 Max Kostikov https://kostikov.co e-mail: [email protected]
proc {|env|
if env['HTTP_ACCEPT'] == "application/dns-message"
case env['REQUEST_METHOD']
when "GET"
req = env['QUERY_STRING'].gsub(/^dns=/,'')
# base64URL decode
req = req.tr("-_", "+/")
if !req.end_with?("=") && req.length % 4 != 0
req = req.ljust((req.length + 3) & ~3, "=")
end
req = req.unpack1("m")
when "POST"
req = env['rack.input'].read
else
req = ""
end
if req.empty?
[400, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ "Bad Request" ]]
else
# --- ask DNS server
sock = UDPSocket.new
sock.connect("localhost", 53)
sock.send(req, 0)
str = sock.recv(4096)
sock.close
# --- find lowest TTL in response
nans = str[6, 2].unpack1('n') # number of answers
if nans > 0 # no DNS failure
shift = 12
ttl = 0
while nans > 0
# process domain name compression
if str[shift].unpack1("C") < 192
shift = str.index("x00", shift) + 5
if ttl == 0 # skip question section
next
end
end
shift += 6
curttl = str[shift, 4].unpack1('N')
shift += str[shift + 4, 2].unpack1('n') + 6 # responce data size
if ttl == 0 or ttl > curttl
ttl = curttl
end
nans -= 1
end
cc = 'max-age=' + ttl.to_s
else
cc = 'no-cache'
end
[200, { 'content-type' => 'application/dns-message', 'content-length' => str.size, 'cache-control' => cc }, [ str ] ]
end
else
[415, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ "Unsupported Media Type" ]]
end
}
Fa'amolemole maitau o le server caching i le lotoifale e nafa ma le fa'agaioiina o pepa DNS, i lenei tulaga
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # local-unbound verison
usage: local-unbound [options]
start unbound daemon DNS resolver.
-h this help
-c file config file to read instead of /var/unbound/unbound.conf
file format is described in unbound.conf(5).
-d do not fork into the background.
-p do not create a pidfile.
-v verbose (more times to increase verbosity)
Version 1.8.1
linked libs: mini-event internal (it uses select), OpenSSL 1.1.1a-freebsd 20 Nov 2018
linked modules: dns64 respip validator iterator
BSD licensed, see LICENSE in source package for details.
Report bugs to [email protected]
root@eprove:/usr/local/etc/h2o # sockstat -46 | grep unbound
unbound local-unbo 69749 3 udp6 ::1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 4 tcp6 ::1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 5 udp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 6 tcp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
Pau lava le mea o loʻo totoe o le toe amata H2O ma vaʻai poʻo le a le mea e maua mai ai.
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # service h2o restart
Stopping h2o.
Waiting for PIDS: 69871.
Starting h2o.
start_server (pid:70532) starting now...
4. Su'ega
O lea la, seʻi o tatou siaki iʻuga e ala i le toe tuʻuina atu o se suʻega suʻega ma vaʻavaʻai i fefaʻatauaiga o fesoʻotaʻiga e faʻaaoga ai le aoga tcpdump.
root@beta/usr/local/etc/h2o # curl -H 'accept: application/dns-message' 'https://my.domain/dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE'
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
...
root@beta:~ # tcpdump -n -i lo0 udp port 53 -xx -XX -vv
tcpdump: listening on lo0, link-type NULL (BSD loopback), capture size 262144 bytes
16:32:40.420831 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 37575, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 57, bad cksum 0 (->e9ea)!)
127.0.0.1.21070 > 127.0.0.1.53: [bad udp cksum 0xfe38 -> 0x33e3!] 43981+ A? example.com. (29)
0x0000: 0200 0000 4500 0039 92c7 0000 4011 0000 ....E..9....@...
0x0010: 7f00 0001 7f00 0001 524e 0035 0025 fe38 ........RN.5.%.8
0x0020: abcd 0100 0001 0000 0000 0000 0765 7861 .............exa
0x0030: 6d70 6c65 0363 6f6d 0000 0100 01 mple.com.....
16:32:40.796507 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 37590, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 73, bad cksum 0 (->e9cb)!)
127.0.0.1.53 > 127.0.0.1.21070: [bad udp cksum 0xfe48 -> 0x43fa!] 43981 q: A? example.com. 1/0/0 example.com. A 93.184.216.34 (45)
0x0000: 0200 0000 4500 0049 92d6 0000 4011 0000 ....E..I....@...
0x0010: 7f00 0001 7f00 0001 0035 524e 0035 fe48 .........5RN.5.H
0x0020: abcd 8180 0001 0001 0000 0000 0765 7861 .............exa
0x0030: 6d70 6c65 0363 6f6d 0000 0100 01c0 0c00 mple.com........
0x0040: 0100 0100 0151 8000 045d b8d8 22 .....Q...].."
^C
2 packets captured
23 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
O lo'o fa'aalia i le fa'aaliga le fa'afefea o le talosaga e fo'ia le tuatusi example.com na maua ma fa'agasolo lelei e le DNS server.
O mea uma e totoe o le faʻagaoioia o la matou 'auʻaunaga i le Firefox browser. Ina ia faia lenei mea, e tatau ona e suia le tele o tulaga i luga o itulau faʻatulagaina e uiga i: config.
Muamua, o le tuatusi lea o la matou API lea o le a talosagaina ai e le browser faʻamatalaga DNS i totonu network.trr.uri. E fautuaina foi e faʻamaoti le IP IP mai lenei URL mo le faʻamautuina o le IP faʻaogaina le browser lava ia e aunoa ma le mauaina o DNS i totonu network.trr.bootstrapAddress. Ma le mea mulimuli, o le parakalafa lava ia network.trr.mode e aofia ai le fa'aogaina o le DoH. O le fa'atulagaina o le tau i le "3" o le a fa'amalosia ai le su'esu'ega e fa'aoga na'o le DNS-over-HTTPS mo le fa'ai'uga o igoa, a'o le fa'atuatuaina ma le mautu o le "2" o le a ave le fa'amuamua i le DoH, ae tu'u ai le su'esu'ega DNS masani e fai ma filifiliga e toe fo'i.
5. FA'AMATALAGA!
Pe sa fesoasoani le tusiga? Ona faamolemole aua le matamuli ma lagolago i tupe e ala i le fomu foaʻi (lalo).
puna: www.habr.com