Windows 10 + Linux. Faʻatulagaina le KDE Plasma GUI mo Ubuntu 20.04 i le WSL2. Savaliga

Faatomuaga

O lenei tusiga ua faʻamoemoeina mo le faʻalogoina o pulega faʻapitoa o loʻo saunia fale faigaluega masani i luga o komepiuta o loʻo faʻaogaina Windows 10, e aofia ai le atinaʻeina o polokalama.

E tatau ona maitauina o loʻo i ai se faʻafitauli faʻapitoa e fesoʻotaʻi ma le le mafai ona tuʻufaʻatasia polokalama faʻapipiʻi na maua mai le faleoloa a le Microsoft Store i luga ole laiga mo le faʻaaogaina i se ata masani Windows 10. A aunoa ma le alu i auiliiliga, o le a ou faamanino atu o lenei faafitauli e fesoʻotaʻi ma le mea moni e faapea. polokalame fa'apipi'i mai le Faleoloa a Microsoft e feso'ota'i ma le 'au'aunaga a le Administrator account, ma pe a mae'a le fa'atupuina o ata masani e le fa'aoga sysprep mea sese e tupu ona o lea tulaga.

O le auala o loʻo talanoaina i lenei tusiga e aloese mai lenei faʻafitauli pe a saunia se Windows 10 OS ata faʻatasi ma se faʻaogaina muamua WSL2 subsystem, faʻapea foʻi ma se ata Ubuntu 20.04 OS na saunia muamua ma faʻapipiʻiina ma se KDE Plasma GUI, lea e mafai ona i ai lana lava. seti o polokalame masani.

E tele faʻataʻitaʻiga ma aʻoaʻoga i luga ole Initaneti mo le faʻatulagaina o le WSL subsystems (e pei o le WSL1 ma le WSL2 fou), faʻatasi ai ma le faʻatulagaina o se GUI interface mo linux based OS system mai le Ubuntu 16.04 i le Ubuntu 20.04, ae o lenei mea e sili ona popole i luga ole komepiuta e faʻavae. i luga o le mea ua ta'ua. "mama" xfce4, o loʻo i ai tapulaa malamalama i tulaga faʻaoga. Ae e tusa ai ma le KDE Plasma GUI mo Ubuntu 20.04, e le tele ni faʻamatalaga o loʻo maua i luga ole upega. Ae o le filifiliga lea e maua ai e le tagata faʻauʻu se seti toetoe lava a le faʻatapulaʻaina o faʻatulagaga mo foliga uma o le faiga ma meafaigaluega, ioe, i le amanaʻiaina o gafatia tuʻufaʻatasia o loʻo iai nei linux faiga faʻatinoina i le WSL2 subsystem.

Fa'apipi'i le seti o polokalame mana'omia ma fa'atulaga WSL2

Matou te siakiina le lomiga o loʻo i ai nei o Windows, mo lenei, i le Windows search bar, ulufale i le poloaiga winver ma tatou maua se mea e pei o lenei:

E taua tele le OS version o le 1903 poʻo le 1909 (faʻapitoa OS versions e tatau ona faʻatasi ma le faʻafouina faʻafouina KB4566116 faʻapipiʻi), poʻo le 2004 (numera fau e le itiiti ifo i le 19041), o isi faʻamatalaga e le afaina. Afai e la'ititi ifo le numera o le fa'asologa, e fautuaina e te fa'aleleia i le fa'afou fou o Windows e toe fa'afo'i sa'o ai fa'ai'uga i lenei tala.

Mo le faʻaogaina o isi gaioiga, faʻapipiʻi le Windows Terminal e faʻaaoga ai le Faleoloa a Microsoft (o loʻo i ai foi le avanoa e sii mai ai mai isi punaoa):

Matou te faʻapipiʻi le X Server X410 e ala i le Faleoloa a Microsoft, e totogi lenei polokalama, ae o loʻo i ai se taimi avanoa o le 15 aso, lea e lava mo suʻega eseese.

E fai ma sui e leai se totogi i le X410 download ma faʻapipiʻi le VcXsrv X server.

I soʻo se nofoaga talafeagai i luga o le disk, matou te fatuina se lisi o le a matou teuina ai a matou faila. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, seʻi o tatou fatuina se lisi C:wsl.

Sii mai ma faʻapipiʻi le Ubuntu 20.04 faʻapipiʻi tutoʻatasi, tatala le faila faila e faʻaaoga ai se faila (mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, 7-zip). Toe fa'aigoa le lisi e le'i fa'apipi'iina ma se igoa umi Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 i se mea e sili atu ona taliaina, pei Ubuntu-20.04 ma kopi i le lisi C:wsl (o le a mulimuli ane faigofie wsl).

Sii mai ma tatala i totonu o se lisi wsl 'au'auna leo fa'a-cross-platform PulseAudio v.1.1., matou te faia fo'i fa'asa'oga i ana faila fa'atulagaina.

I le faila wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa o le fuaiupu Load audio drivers statically teuteu le laina:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

ma i le vaega Network access teuteu le laina:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

I le faila wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf aveese fa'amatalaga ma sui le laina

exit-idle-time = -1

Matou te faʻatulagaina le WSL2 subsystem e tusa ai ma fa'amaumauga Microsoft. Pau lava le faʻamatalaga ua uma ona matou siiina le tufatufaina o le Ubuntu, ma o le a matou faʻapipiʻiina i le isi laasaga. O le mea moni, o le faʻatulagaga e oʻo mai i lalo e mafai ai ona faʻaogaina vaega faaopoopo "Windows Subsystem mo Linux" ma le "Virtual Machine Platform", ona toe faʻafouina lea e faʻaoga suiga i tulaga komepiuta:

Afai e talafeagai download ma faʻapipiʻi le Linux kernel service pack i le WSL2.
Matou te faʻalauiloaina le Windows Terminal ma filifili le faiga Poloaiga Faʻatonu e ala i le oomiina o ki Ctrl+Shift+2.

Muamua lava, matou te setiina le WSL2 mode of operation, mo lenei matou te ulufale i le poloaiga:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Suia i le Ubuntu 20.04 standalone bootloader directory, i loʻu tulaga o lenei wslUbuntu-20.04 ma tamoe le faila ubuntu2004.exe. A fa'aosoina mo se igoa fa'aigoa, fa'atumu le igoa fa'aigoa engineer (e mafai ona e ulufale i soʻo se isi igoa), faʻaoga lau faʻaupuga ma faʻamaonia le upu faʻaulu mo le faʻamatalaga faʻamaonia:

O loʻo faʻaalia se faʻamatalaga faʻamalo, ua faʻapipiʻi le kernel Ubuntu 20.04. Sei o tatou siaki le saʻo o le WSL2 faʻatulagaina tulaga, mo lenei, i le Windows Terminal, filifili le Windows PowerShell tab ma ulufale i le poloaiga:

wsl -l -v

o le taunuuga o le faʻatinoga e tatau ona pei o lenei:

Matou te faʻapipiʻiina le Microsoft Defender firewall, i.e. fa'agata mo feso'ota'iga lautele:

Faʻatulagaina le Ubuntu 20.04

I le Windows Terminal, toe filifili le Command Prompt tab ma faʻapipiʻi faʻafouga mo Ubuntu 20.04. Ina ia faia lenei mea, i luga o le laina o le poloaiga, ulufale:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Fa'apipi'i le KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

faʻapipiʻi e oʻo atu i le 30 minute, faʻalagolago i le faʻatinoga o le komepiuta ma le bandwidth o le initaneti avanoa avanoa, pe a faʻamalosia e le faʻapipiʻi, matou te faʻamaonia OK.
Faʻapipiʻi le gagana Rusia ma lomifefiloi Ubuntu 20.04. Ina ia faia lenei mea, i luga o le laina o le poloaiga, ulufale:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Fa'aopoopo le lomiga fou ole KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Matou te faʻaopoopoina a matou lava seti o faʻamafanafanaga talosaga, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

Matou te siaki le mea na tupu, ulufale i le laina o le poloaiga neofetch, va'ai fa'amalama:

Fa'asa'o le faila config WSL /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

kopi le tusitusiga i totonu o le faʻamalama o loʻo avanoa e tatala ai:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

teu suiga (Ctrl+O), faʻamaonia le gaioiga ma alu ese mai le tusitala o tusitusiga (Ctrl+X).

Tu'u atu i fafo le ata fa'apitoa Ubuntu-20.04 i le lisi na matou faia wsl. Ina ia faia lenei mea, i le Windows Terminal, toe filifili le Windows PowerShell tab ma ulufale i le poloaiga:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

o le ata na faia o le a fesoasoani ia i tatou e faʻaogaina le faʻaogaina o le faʻalauiloaina / toe faʻapipiʻiina o le Ubuntu 20.04 faʻatulagaina, pe a manaʻomia, o le a mafai ai ona faigofie ona faʻafeiloaʻi i se isi komepiuta.

Saunia faila pe'a ma ala 'alo i le Windows desktop

I le faʻaaogaina o le Notepad ++ faatonu, fatuina faila peʻa (manaʻomia ile OEM-866 faʻasologa mo le sao saʻo o mataitusi Cyrillic):
faila Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - fuafuaina e faʻaautomatika le faʻapipiʻiina muamua o le ata na faia o le Ubuntu 20.04 i luga o se komepiuta ma se WSL2 subsystem ua uma ona faʻatulagaina ma se X server. Afai e ese le igoa ole igoa ma le upu faataga mai i latou o loʻo faʻamaonia i le faʻataʻitaʻiga, e tatau ona e faia suiga talafeagai i lenei faila peʻa:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

faila Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - fuafuaina e toe faʻapipiʻi le ata saunia o le Ubuntu 20.04 i luga o le komepiuta.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

faila Set-default-user.bat - e seti le tagata faʻaoga faʻaoga.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

faila Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - o le faʻalauiloaina moni o le KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

faila Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - fa'alauiloa se fa'ailoga kalafi e aunoa ma le KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Fa'apea fo'i mo le fa'aoga faigofie ile fa'amaumauga wsl matou te saunia ala pupuu e faasino i faila pe'a talafeagai. Ona sosoo ai lea ma mea o loʻo i totonu o le lisi wsl foliga faapenei:

Tatalaina le KDE Plasma Desktop

Matou te siakiina ua maeʻa uma laasaga sauniuni, matou te taumafai e faʻalauiloa le ala pupuu Plasma-desktop. O loʻo faʻaalia se talosaga faʻaupuga, faʻaoga le upu faʻaulu mo le teugatupe ma ... tapuni le faamalama. E lelei le taimi muamua. Matou te toe taumafai - ma matou vaʻai i le KDE Plasma taskbar masani. Matou te faʻavasegaina foliga o le taskbar, i le faʻataʻitaʻiga, mo le faigofie o le faʻaogaina, o le laulau e faʻanofo i le itu taumatau o le lau ma faʻatotonugalemu. Matou te siakiina le faʻatulagaina o le localization, pe a manaʻomia, faʻaopoopo le gagana Rusia:

Afai e manaʻomia, matou te aumaia ala pupuu mo faʻapipiʻi linux talosaga i le KDE Plasma taskbar.

Afai e manaʻomia e le Ubuntu 20.04 oe e te alu ese mai lau faʻamatalaga faʻaoga ina ia faʻaoga suiga i tulaga, pe e te manaʻomia le toe amataina o le OS, e fai lenei mea, i le Windows Terminal, ulufale i le poloaiga:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Faatasi ai ma se igoa Plasma-desktop poʻo Konsole e mafai ona e faʻatautaia le KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, faʻapipiʻi ma Konsole GIMP fa'atonu ata:

A maeʻa le faʻapipiʻiina, tamoe mai Konsole GIMP fa'atonu ata:

GIMP galue, o le mea lea na ou manaʻo e siaki.
Ma o le auala lenei e galue ai linux talosaga i KDE Plasma i le WSL2:

o le KDE Plasma taskbar fa'apitoa o lo'o i le itu taumatau o le lau. ma o le vitio i le faamalama Firefox e taʻalo ma le leo.

Afai e manaʻomia, e mafai ona e faʻatulagaina le avanoa i le Ubuntu20.04 e SSH и RDP, mo lenei mea e te manaʻomia faʻapipiʻi auaunaga talafeagai ma le faʻatonuga:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

fa'amatalaga: ia fa'ataga le upu fa'ataga e SSH e tatau ona e fa'asa'o le faila /etc/ssh/sshd_config, e taʻua o le parakalafa PasswordAuthentication no e tatau ona seti i PasswordAuthentication yes, fa'asaoina suiga ma toe fa'afou le Ubuntu20.04.

O taimi uma e te amataina ai le Ubuntu20.04, e suia le tuatusi ip i totonu, aʻo leʻi setiina le avanoa mamao, e tatau ona e siaki le tuatusi IP o loʻo i ai nei e faʻaaoga ai le poloaiga. ip a:

E tusa ai, o lenei tuatusi IP e tatau ona tuʻuina i totonu o faʻatulagaga o sauniga SSH и RDP ae e leʻi amataina
O le mea lea e foliga mai ai le avanoa mamao SSH faʻaaoga MobaXterm:

Ma o le mea lea e foliga mai ai le avanoa mamao RDP:

Fa'aaoga le x server vcxsrv nai lo le x410

Tatalaina ma le setiina vcxsrv, seti ma le faaeteete pusa siaki talafeagai:

Fa'asaoina le fa'atonuga fa'atonu i totonu o le fa'atonuga wslvcxsrv ma igoa masani config.xlaunch.

Fa'atonu faila pe'a Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat e tusa ma a latou faatonuga.

Tatalaina le ala pupuu Plasma-desktop, ma o le mea lenei tatou te maua:

O le KDE Plasma desktop e tapunia atoa le Windows desktop, e fesuiaʻi i le va o windows o linux ma windows applications matou te faʻaogaina le tuʻufaʻatasiga lauiloa lauiloa. Alt+Tab, lea e le faigofie tele.
E le gata i lea, na faʻaalia se mea le lelei o le X server vcxsrv - e paʻu pe a e faʻatautaia nisi o talosaga, aemaise lava le GIMP poʻo le LibreOffice Writer. Masalo e tatau ona tatou faʻatali seʻia oʻo ina aveese e le au atinaʻe le matauina o "bugs", ae e le o mautinoa ... O lea, ina ia maua ni faʻaiʻuga talia, e sili atu le faʻaogaina o le X Server Microsoft x410.

iʻuga

Ae, e tatau ona tatou faʻaaloalo ia Microsoft, o le WSL2 oloa na foliga mai o loʻo galue malosi, ma i loʻu manatu le poto masani, matua manuia. Ma e pei ona ou iloa, o loʻo faʻaauau pea ona "faʻamaeʻaina" e le au atinaʻe, ma atonu - i le tausaga pe lua, o le a faʻaalia lenei subsystem i lona atoatoa atoatoa.

puna: www.habr.com