Zvinogoneka here kuti nguva yechando yekrisptocurrency yakava zera regoridhe re blockchain tekinoroji? Tikugashirei muna 2019, gore rekutsinhana kwakasarudzika (DEX)!
Wese munhu ane chekuita necryptocurrencies kana blockchain tekinoroji ari kusangana nechando chine hutsinye, icho chinoratidzwa mumachati ematengo eanozivikanwa uye asina kufarirwa macryptocurrencies semakomo echando (approx.:POk, vakashandura, mamiriro acho atochinja zvishoma ...) Hutsi hwapfuura, furo raputika, uye utsi hwapera. Zvisinei, hazvisi zvose zvakaipa. Tekinoroji dzinoramba dzichishanduka uye nekuwana zvigadziriso senge decentralized exchanges (DEX - Dcentralize Exshanduko), iyo yakagadzirirwa kushandura zvakanyanya iyo cryptocurrency ecosystem muna 2019.
Chii chinonzi decentralized exchange?
Unogona kushamisika. Pamapuratifomu ekutengesa epakati, CEX (kana Centralized Exchanges., chiziviso: muCEX yepakutanga ipfupiso, haifanirwe kuvhiringwa nezita reiyo yakakurumbira exchange CEX.io), muridzi wepuratifomu anongova murevereri, rudzi rwekristpto-banker. Iye ane basa rekuchengetedza uye kutonga mari dzese dzinotengeswa pachikuva. CEX inowanzova intuitive uye inosvikika chikuva, ichipa yakakwira liquidity uye akasiyana ekutengesa maturusi. Iyo chikuva inoitawo segedhi pakati pefiat currency uye crypto assets.
Nekudaro, sevanofarira crypto, tinoziva njodzi dzepakati uye kuvimba nevamiriri, semuenzaniso, kufa kwemuvambi weQuadriga exchange uye kurasikirwa kwekiyi kuchikwama icho mari yemushandisi yakachengetwa. Panyaya yepuratifomu yepakati, inova imwe poindi yekutadza kana censorship.
DEX ine chinangwa chekubvisa pakati uye imwe poindi yekutadza, kuburikidza nekuita kutengeserana zvakananga pakati pevashandisi, pa blockchain pachayo, iyo iri pasi pepuratifomu, ichipfuura nzvimbo yekutengesa. Saka chinangwa chikuru cheDEX ndechekungopa zvivakwa zvevatengi veasset kuti vawane vatengesi uye zvinopesana.
Kubatsira kukuru kweDEX pamusoro peCEX kuri pachena:
- "kuvimbika". Hapachadiwi murevereri. Naizvozvo, vashandisi vane mutoro wemari yavo, pane nzvimbo yepakati (iyo mutungamiriri anogona kufa, makiyi anogona kubiwa kana kubiwa);
- Sezvo vashandisi vari ivo vane basa remari yavo uye pasina wepakati muchimiro chepuratifomu, hapana mukana wekudzora (madhipoziti haagone kuomeswa nechando uye vashandisi vakavharwa), hapana ongororo (KYC) inodikanwa kuti uwane mikana yekutengesa, uye zvese. kutengeserana kwekutengeserana "kusingazivikanwe", sezvo pasina "kutarisa" kana kutonga muviri;
- uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, kazhinji muDEX unogona kuita chero rudzi rwekuchinjana pakati pemidziyo (chero bedzi mutengi nemutengesi zvinopihwa zvichienderana), saka hauganhurwe nemamiriro ekunyorwa kwechiridzwa semuCEX (approx.: mune zvakajairika izvi handizvo, pano munyori anofungidzira zvishoma uye anotsanangura mufananidzo wakasarudzika, izvo zvino zvinogoneka chete pasi pemamiriro ekugona kweatomu swaps pakati pemaketani.);
Asi sekutaura kwekare, "hazvisi zvose zvinopenya indarama" Iyezvino DEX matekinoroji ane matambudziko achiri kuda kugadziriswa. Chekutanga pane zvese, DEX parizvino haina kunyatsogadzirirwa vashandisiwo zvavo. Isu nyanzvi tinogona kunge takasununguka kushandisa wallet, makiyi ekugadzirisa, mazwi embeu uye kusaina kutengeserana, asi vashandisiwo zvavo vanotya rudzi urwu rwechinhu.
Uyezve, sezvo kutengeserana kuri peer-to-peer, kumwe kuchinjana kunoda kuti vashandisi vave online kuti vapedze kurongeka kwavo (zvinonzwika kupenga, handiti?). UX ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei cryptocurrency vatsva vachida CEX pane DEX yekutengesa crypto assets. Uye semhedzisiro yeinotyisa UI / UX, DEX ine yakaderera liquidity yezvinenge zvese zvakatengeswa zvinhu.
Zvekare, kana ukakanganwa iyi diki diki diki, kutengeserana muDEX kune vezera-kune-vezera, saka kana iwe uchida kuchinjanisa BTC yeLTC, iwe zvechokwadi uchafanirwa kutsvaga mutengi anoda kuchinjanisa Litecoins kune yako yakapihwa huwandu hweBitcoin. Izvi zvinogona kunetsa (kuzviisa zvinyoro) kune dzimwe mari kana nhamba yevashandisi veDEX idiki. Uye saka, zvese izvi, pamwe nekuita kushoma kweakawanda maDEX (blockchains pamusimboti wavo), zvinoisa chipingamupinyi chisingakundike munzira yekutorwa kwemusika mukuru.
Uye saka:
CEX (pakati):
- Easy kushandisa
- Advanced Trading Features
- High liquidity
- Mikana yekushanda nefiat mari (kutengesa, kuisa / kubuda)
DEX (decentralized):
- Zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye kushandisa
- Basic trading options chete
- Low liquidity
- Hazvibviri kushanda nemari yakajairika
Sezvineiwo, matambudziko ese aya anogona kugadziriswa, izvo zviri kuyedza kuita mapurojekiti matsva. Asi zvakanyanya pane izvo zvishoma gare gare; kutanga, ngatitarisei mamiriro azvino. MaDEX azvino anogadzirwa sei? Pane nzira nhatu huru dzekugadzira DEX.
On-chain odha bhuku uye pekugara
Uku ndiko kwaive kuvakwa kwechizvarwa chekutanga DEX. Nemashoko akareruka, uku ndiko kuchinjana, zvachose pamusoro pe blockchain. Zvese zviito - zvese zvekutengesa kurongeka, shanduko yemamiriro - zvese zvakanyorwa mu blockchain sekutengeserana. Nokudaro, kuchinjana kwese kunotungamirirwa nekontrakiti yakangwara, iyo ine basa rekuisa mirairo yevashandisi, kuvhara mari, kuenzanisa mirairo, uye kuita kutengeserana. Iyi nzira inovimbisa kudzikisira, kuvimba uye kuchengetedzeka, kuendesa iwo musimboti misimboti ye blockchain kune ese DEX mashandiro pamusoro payo. (approx.: musimboti, iyi ndiyo chaiyo decentralized exchange, inopindirana zvizere nemweya uye musimboti weiyi nzira. Izvo zvakaderera ndezvekuti mashandisirwo aive pamusoro pekutanga uye asina kukwana blockchains. Semuenzaniso wemhinduro yakanaka, tinogona kutaura BitShares uye Stellar).
Nekudaro, iyi dhizaini inoita chikuva:
- low liquidity - iyo sisitimu haina huwandu hwakakwana hwezviridzwa;
- slow - iyo bhodhoro paunenge uchiita maodha muDEX ndiyo yakangwara chibvumirano uye network bandwidth. Fungidzira kushanda pane decentralized stock exchange seizvi;
- darling - kushanda kwega kwega kunoshandura nyika kunoreva kutanga kontrakiti yakangwara uye kubhadhara mutengo wegesi;
- "ne-dhizaini" iko kusakwanisa kuyanana nemamwe mapuratifomu, uye uku ndiko kudzikisira kukuru.
Ndinorevei nekusakwanisa kupindirana? Uye chokwadi ndechekuti murudzi urwu rweDEX unogona kungochinjanisa midziyo inowanikwa kune blockchain uye smart zvibvumirano zveDEX papuratifomu, kunze kwekunge dzimwe nzira dzichishandiswa pakuyambuka-network yekubatanidza. Nokudaro, kana tikashandisa Ethereum yeDEX, zvino kuburikidza nepuratifomu iyi tichakwanisa chete kuchinjanisa zviratidzo zvichienderana neEthereum blockchain.
Uyezve, maDEX akavakirwa-mukati anowanzo shandiswa kuchinjanisa nhamba shoma yematokeni akajairwa (semuenzaniso, ERC20 uye ERC721 chete), iyo inoisa zvirambidzo zvakakura pazvinhu zviri kutengeswa. Mienzaniso yemapuratifomu akadaro ndeye DEX.tor (approx.: yakakurumbira zvakadaro EtherDelta/ForkDelta), kana kuchinjana kwakavakirwa paEIP823 standard (approx.: kuyedza kumisikidza iyo smart kontrakiti fomati yekutengesa ERC-20 tokens).
Sezvo zvisiri zvinhu zvose zvinofanirwa kunge zvichibva paEthereum, regai ndikuudzei muenzaniso weDEX inoshandiswa uchishandisa nzira iyi pane imwe yakakurumbira blockchain, EOS. Tokena parizvino ndiyo yekutanga kuisirwa yakazara pa-cheni DEX inoshandisa chiratidzo chepakati kudzikisa mari inobhadharwa nevashandisi.
Off-chain odha bhuku uye on-cheni kuverenga
Iyi nzira inoteverwa neDEXs yakavakirwa pachipiri-layer protocol pamusoro peiyo inodzika blockchain. Semuenzaniso, iyo 0x protocol pamusoro peEthereum. Transactions inoitwa pa ether (kana pane chero imwe network inotsigirwa nerelay node (approx.: Shanduro 2.0 yeprotocol ikozvino yaitwa uye vanoronga kubatanidza liquidity paEthereum (nemaforogo ayo) uye EOS.), uye vashandisi vanowana mukana wekudzora mari yavo kusvika panguva iyo basa rekutengesa rapera (hapana chikonzero chekuvharira mari kusvika kurongeka kwapera). Mabhuku ekuodha ari muchirongwa ichi anochengetwa pane relay node, anogamuchira komisheni yeizvi. Ivo vanotepfenyura yega yega nyowani, vachibatanidza zvese liquidity yehurongwa uye kugadzira yakavimbika yekutengesa zvivakwa. Mushure mekugamuchira kurongeka, mugadziri wemusika anomirira chikamu chechipiri chekutengeserana, uye mushure mezvo kutengeserana kunoitwa mukati me 0x smart contract uye rekodhi rekodhi rinopinda mu blockchain.
Iyi nzira yekugadzira inoguma nemitengo yakaderera sezvo maodha matsva kana kurongeka kusingade kuti gasi ribhadharwe, uye miripo miviri chete inoda kubhadharwa ndiyo yerelays iyo yakafambisa kutengeserana uye gasi rinodiwa kuita chiratidzo chekuchinjana pakati. vashandisi mu blockchain network. Mune 0x protocol, chero (approx.: zvinofungidzirwa kuti mutengesi anoshanda) inogona kuita relay node uye kuwana mamwe ma tokeni ekuita kutengeserana, nekudaro kuvhara makomisheni emabasa avo. Pamusoro pezvo, chokwadi chekuti kutengeserana kunoitika off-chain inogadzirisa dambudziko re blockchain uye smart contract performance yatakaona muEthereum-based DEXs.
Zvekare, chimwe chezvakashata zvakanyanya zverudzi urwu rweDEX kushaikwa kwekudyidzana nemamwe mapuratifomu. Panyaya yeDEX inobva pa 0x protocol, tinogona kungotengesa zviratidzo zvinogara paEthereum network. Uyezve, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwakananga kweDEX, panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvirambidzo pamiyero yechiratidzo yatinobvumidzwa kutengesa (chaizvoizvo zvese zvinoda kutengeserana kweERC-20 kana ERC-721 tokens). Muenzaniso wakanaka we0x-based DEX ndiyo Radar Relay chirongwa.
Kuti tikwanise kupindirana nemamwe maketani, tinofanira kugadzirisa rimwe dambudziko - kuwanikwa kwedata. DEXs dzinoshandisa nzira dze-off-chain kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa maodha dzinopa basa iri kuendesa node, izvo zvinogona kubatwa nehutsinye hwekurongeka kana kumwe kutyisidzira, zvichisiya hurongwa hwese huri munjodzi.
Saka, pfungwa huru dzerudzi urwu rweDEX:
- Inoshanda chete nerunyoro rushoma rwematurusi zviyero
- Makomisheni madiki
- Kubata kwakanyanya
- More liquidity
- Hapana kuvharwa kwemari dzevatengesi
Smart zvibvumirano nema reserves
Iyi mhando yeDEX inozadzisa maviri apfuura marudzi emapuratifomu, uye yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa, chekutanga, dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemari. Uchishandisa smart reserves, pane kutsvaga mutengi zvakanangana neasset, mushandisi anogona kutengeserana neyakachengeterwa nekuisa Bitcoin (kana zvimwe zvinhu) munzvimbo inochengeterwa uye kugamuchira inofananidzwa asset mukudzoka. Izvi zvakafanana nebhangi rakasarudzika rinopa liquidity kune system. Smart contract-based reserves muDEX ndiyo mhinduro yekunzvenga dambudziko re "mechi yezvishuwo" uye kuvhura illiquid tokens yekutengesa. Kukanganisa?
Izvi zvinoda kuti munhu wechitatu aite sebhangi uye ape mari idzi kana kuita zvepamberi zviwanikwa zvekutonga zviwanikwa kuitira kuti vashandisi vavhare chikamu chemari yavo nekuda kweDEX liquidity uye kugovera chengetedzo yekutarisira. Bancor (a decentralized liquidity network) muenzaniso mukuru weiyi nzira (approx.: uye yakaitwa zvinobudirira. Isu tinotarisirawo kutangwa kweMinter purojekiti munguva pfupi iri kutevera, uko izvi zvinoitwa padanho reiyo yekutanga protocol yetiweki pachayo.).
Mapoinzi akasiyana:
- Kunowedzera liquidity
- Inotsigira akawanda akasiyana tokeni kamwechete
- Imwe dhigirii yepakati
New wave DEX
Iye zvino iwe unoziva nzira dzakasiyana dzeDEX dhizaini uye kuita kwavo. Zvisinei, nei kufarirwa kwakadaro kwakaderera kwezvigadziriswa zvakadaro, pasinei nekuvapo kwezvakanaka zvinobatsira? Matambudziko makuru emapurojekiti azvino ari kunyanya scalability, liquidity, kuenderana uye UX. Ngatitarisei zviitiko zvinovimbisa zviri kumberi kweDEX uye blockchain budiriro.
Nyaya dzinoda kugadziriswa muchizvarwa chinotevera DEX:
- Kukwanisika
- Liquidity
- kugarisana
- UX
Sezvatinoona, chimwe chemipimo mikuru mudhizaini yeDEX yaive scalability.
Kune-cheni DEX, isu tine zvirambidzo pazvibvumirano uye network pachayo, nepo off-chain ichida mamwe maprotocol. Kuvandudzwa kwechizvarwa chinotevera blockchain mapuratifomu akadai seNEO, NEM kana Ethereum 2.0 achagonesa kuvandudzwa kweDEX dzakawanda dzinotyisa.
Ngatitarisei zvishoma paEthereum 2.0. Iyo inovimbisa kuvandudza ndeye sharding. Sharding inoparadzanisa network yeEthereum mu subnets (shards) nekubvumirana kwemunharaunda, kuitira kuti kuvhara kwevhavha hakuchafaniri kuitwa nenode imwe neimwe mumambure, asi chete nenhengo dzeshadhi imwechete. Mukufanana, shards yakazvimirira inodyidzana kune imwe neimwe kuti iwane kubvumirana kwepasirese mune network. Kuti izvi zviitike, Ethereum achada kutama kubva kuChipupuriro-che-Basa kubvumirana kuenda kuChipupuriro-che-Stake kubvumirana (iyo yatinotarisira kuona mumwedzi mishomanana inotevera).
Ethereum inotarisirwa kukwanisa kuita pamusoro pe15 kutengeserana pasekondi (iyo isina kushata pakushandisa scalable yekuzvarwa DEX).
Kuenderana uye muchinjika-cheni protocol
Saka, isu tine scalability yakavharwa, asi zvakadini nekuenderana? Tinogona kunge tine scalable Ethereum papuratifomu, asi isu tinogona kungotengesa Ethereum-based tokens. Apa ndipo panopinda mapurojekiti akaita seCosmos nePolkadot (approx.: Chinyorwa ichi chichigadzirwa, Cosmos yakanga yatopinda muchikamu chebasa chairo, saka tinogona kutoongorora kugona kwayo.) Aya mapurojekiti ane chinangwa chekubatanidza mhando dzakasiyana dze blockchain mapuratifomu, akadai seEthereum neBitcoin, kana NEM neZCash.
Cosmos yaita iyo Inter Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol, iyo inobvumira imwe blockchain kutaurirana nemamwe network. Iwo ega ega network anotaurirana nemumwe kuburikidza neIBC uye imwe yepakati node, iyo Cosmos Hub (kuita chivakwa chakafanana kune 0x).
Chain Relays ndeye tekinoroji module muIBC inobvumira blockchains kuverenga uye kuona zviitiko pane mamwe blockchains. Fungidzira kuti chibvumirano chakangwara paEthereum chinoda kuziva kana kutengeserana kwacho kwapera paBitcoin network, zvino inovimba nekusimbisa iyi kune imwe Relay Chain node iyo yakabatana kune inodiwa network uye inogona kutarisa kana kutengeserana uku kwatopera. uye inosanganisirwa mu blockchain bitcoin.
Chekupedzisira, Peg Zones inzvimbo dzinoita semasuwo pakati peakasiyana blockchains uye inobvumira iyo Cosmos network kuti ibatanidze kune mamwe blockchains. Peg Zones inoda chaiyo yakangwara chibvumirano pane imwe neimwe yemaketani akabatana kugonesa cryptocurrency kuchinjanisa pakati pavo.
Zvakadini nePolkadot?
Polkadot neCosmos vanoshandisa nzira dzakafanana. Ivo vanovaka epakati blockchains anomhanya pamusoro pemamwe ma network uye maprotocol ekubvumirana. Panyaya yePolkadot, nzvimbo dzinosungirirana dzinonzi Bridges, uye dzinoshandisawo relay node dzekutaurirana pakati pe blockchains. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti vanoronga sei kubatanidza network dzakasiyana vachichengetedza chengetedzo.
Maitiro ePolkadot kune network kuchengetedza yakavakirwa pakubatana uyezve kugovana pakati pecheni. Izvi zvinobvumira maketani ega ega kukwidziridza kuchengetedzwa kwemubatanidzwa pasina kutanga kubva pakutanga (approx.: Nguva yakaoma zvikuru uye isinganzwisisike kune munyori. Mune yepakutanga "NePolkadot chengetedzo yetiweki inosanganiswa uye yakagovaniswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti cheni dzega dzega dzinogona kukwidziridza chengetedzo pasina kutanga kubva padanho kuti uwane hunhu uye kuvimba. " Isu tinozviona zvakaoma kutsanangura algorithm yePolkadot nemazwi akareruka; parizvino ndeimwe yemapurojekiti akaomarara uye ichiri muchikamu chekutsvagisa. Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvinoshandisa izwi rekuti "chengetedzo" mumamiriro akasiyana kwazvo, zvichiita kuti zviome kunzwisisa. Pane kuenzanisa kuri nani kweaviri masisitimu, semuenzaniso, ).
Aya matekinoroji achiri mukusimudzira, saka isu hatizooni, kweinenge mwedzi mishoma, chero mapurojekiti ekuchinjana chaiwo akavakirwa pane aya maprotocol ekudyidzana uye achibvumira kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati pematanho akasiyana. Nekudaro, mabhenefiti ehunyanzvi akadaro anonakidza kwazvo pakuitwa kwechizvarwa chinotevera cheDEXs.
Liquidity kuburikidza nekuchengetedza
Zvakafanana nezvibvumirano zvakachengetedzwa zvakangwara, isu tine imwe mhando yeDEX inoshandisa yakazvimiririra blockchains seyakadzika midzi yekutsinhana midziyo, yakaita seWaves, Stellar kana kunyange Ripple.
Aya mapuratifomu anobvumira kuchinjika kwakasarudzika kwechero zvinhu zviviri (zvechero rudzi) uchishandisa chiratidzo chepakati. Nenzira iyi, kana ndichida kuchinjanisa Bitcoins yeEthers, chiratidzo chepakati chichashandiswa pakati pezvinhu zviviri kuti zvipedze kutengeserana. Chaizvoizvo, iyi DEX kuitisa inoshanda senzira yekutsvaga nzira iyo, uchishandisa zviratidzo zvepakati, inotsvaga kutsvaga nzira ipfupi (yakaderera mutengo) yekutsinhanisa imwe pfuma kune imwe. Kushandisa nzira iyi kunonatsiridza kuenzanirana kwevatengi nevatengesi, kunowedzera mvura, uye kunobvumira zvimwe zvakaoma zvekutengesa zviridzwa (nekuda kwekushandiswa kweyakaparadzana, yakatsaurirwa blockchain pane yakajairika chinangwa network). Somuenzaniso, Binance (approx.: imwe yepasirese yakakura yepakati crypto exchanges) akaita izvo chaizvo, achishandisa imwe blockchain yeprojekti yake itsva Binance DEX (approx.: yakatangwa svondo rapfuura) Iyo inotungamira yekutsinhana iri kuyedza kugadzirisa matambudziko ese emazuva ano maDEXes nekuda kweakanakisa mushandisi interface uye yakakwirira cheni yekumhanyisa inosimbisa zvidhinha mukati mesekondi (approx.: mukati, inoshandisa Tendermint network layer uye pBFT kubvumirana, iyo inovimbisa kuti chivharo chinogamuchirwa chinokurumidza kupera uye hachigoni kunyorwa. Izvi zvinoreva zvakare kuti isu tinogona kukurumidza kutarisira kubatanidzwa nemamwe network kuburikidza neCosmos network).
taura pfungwa: Chinyorwa chepakutanga chinoenderera mberi chichitaura nezve chigadzirwa chekambani iyo munyori anoshanda, uye isu takaona chikamu ichi chisingafadze sechikamu chekutanga, icho chinonyatso ratidza nzira dzekuvaka kwekutsinhana kwakasarudzika.
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Source: www.habr.com